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Mesopotamia Study Guide ANSWERS I. Vocabulary- Be sure that you understand the following terms: City-state- a political unit that contains the Cities and the surrounding territories Ziggurat- A temple located in the center of a city-state cuneiform - the first writing system used wedge shaped symbols Mesopotamia –Land between the two Rivers Code of Hammurabi – the first written laws created by King Hammurabi Barter- exchanging goods without the use of money II. Geography Information Identify the 2 rivers that surround Mesopotamia. –Euphrates and Tigris Explain why people had to move to Mesopotamia.- B/c of an increased population and not having a stable food supply, people moved to Mesopotamia b/c it provided fertile soil with silt providing good farmland Describe the climate and conditions of the land in Mesopotamia.- it was hot, fertile soil, and uncontrollable flooding How did the Sumerians make farming easier?- plows, canals and irrigation systems Explain why crops grew well in Mesopotamia-farmland was fertile and water was nearby Explain the importance of irrigation. Were there any problems?- it brought water to land that did not have a water source. Yes, irrigation ditches would get clogged and different groups would fight over keeping it clear. III. Explain why people built canals-People built canals to control the river’s flow of water. Government Information Describe what makes up a city-state.-ziggurat is in the center, then upper class houses , then middle classes, then out from that a protective wall, then farmland and irrigation ditches Who rules the city-states? A king-chosen by the gods What were the responsibilities of the rulers? Collect taxes, enforce laws, lead armies, ordered the construction of ziggurats and maintained irrigation systems IV. Religion Information Describe the importance of the ziggurat. It was their temple for worshipping Gods and also used as a tomb for Kings/Priests. Where was the location of each city-states ziggurat? in the center of the city-state Were the Sumerians religious? How can you tell? Yes, they had ziggurats in the center of their cities which shows that religion was central to their lives as well as all aspects of their daily lives revolved around religion. They also created devotional statues and held religious ceremonies that included human sacrifices V. Civilization Information Identify 7 ways to determine if a society is considered civilized. Stable food supply, system of government, religion, social structure, highly developed culture, advanced technology & written language Was Sumer a civilization? Look in your Notebooks pages 70-72. Provide reasons for all 7 ways-(ie They had a Stable Food Supply b/c they invented/created irrigation and the plow to make farming easier.) Identify and Explain Sumerian Contributions- (Use pages 72 in your notebooks.)cuneiform, arch, ziggurat, metalworking, music, organized armies, citystates/kings, plow, sailboat, wheel VI. Daily Life Information Be able to draw a diagram of the social structure. Know the 3 classes and who makes up each class. Kings Priests and Nobles Craftspeople and merchants Farmers Slaves Be able to identify what type of people live in specific houses. Upper class had elaborate 2 stories houses in the middle of the city, middle class had mud brick near the edge of the city-state, lower class lived in master’s homes How could you tell if a person in Mesopotamia had Power- people who could read/write had power Know the 1st type of writing-who knew how to write, why did they create a written language, how did the idea of written language spread throughout the world? –Scribes learned to write over 2000 symbols- it was created to record trade transactions-by trading with other people in the world, they learned how important writing and keeping records are VII. Code of Hammurabi Information Describe the Code of Hammurabi & King Hammurabi. –Set of 282 Laws that King made up to govern daily life that had severe punishments for breaking the laws; King Hammurabi conquered lots of land but was a cruel king when it came to how he ran the empire. Explain why we have laws and punishments. To prevent crimes and punishments so that people won’t do crime again as well as restore order and peace to society; protect people Be able to give examples of different laws that were in the Code of Hammurabi. If you steal something, your hand is cut off What document in the US says that We the People…..l, which is the basis of our basic rights? U.S. Constitution Be able to apply the form of laws and write your own laws. – If____________then_______ ________