Download Welcome to MR160 Pharmacology/Lab Medicine

Welcome to MR160
Pharmacology/Lab Medicine
Week-1 … Textbook chapters 10, 11, and 12
Jack Lazarre, Pharm. D., M.P.A., M.L.A.
just call me ‘Dr. Jack’ or Jack
Schools: U.C.L.A. University of Southern California
(U.S.C.) California State Univeristy, Long Beach
Registered Pharmacist in California & Nevada
Seminar Reminders

We begin promptly at 8 pm Eastern Time
◦ Thursday’s (only section)
◦ Class is one hour (8-9 pm Eastern)

Please do not announce yourself or
apologize if …
◦ you arrive late
◦ you get bumped out due to technical issues
… just join right in !
Seminar Reminders
Be open to new thoughts and ideas
 There is no such thing as a stupid question ...
please ask!
 Type a “?” if you have a question
 Alternative Seminar Assignments if you miss

Course Policies and Procedures
Discussion Board
 Post initial response by NLT* Saturday
 Post responses to your classmates by NLT*
Tuesday 11:59 pm EST
 Grading
◦ See Rubric for details in syllabus
◦ For full credit must post on more than 1 day!
*(NLT = No-Later-Than)
Course Policies and Procedures
Assignments
 Label your work properly … PLEASE!
 place your name within the assignment’s filename, as seen in this example from “John
Doe” and his ML160 “Unit-3” assignment:
 Doe__Unit3
or
 JDoe Unit3 ML160
or
 DoeML160unit3assignment
Course Policies and Procedures
Projects and Assignments (continued)
 TITLE your work properly ... PLEASE!
 Title example. This is how your Title would appear at
the top of your assignment which is being submitted as
a Word-document (using old John Doe again):
Week 3 Assignment
John Doe
Kaplan University
Course Policies and Procedures
References
 Pharmacology is constantly changing
 Every year ...
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New drugs come onto the market
Other drugs are no longer manufactured
New generics become available
New warnings need to be documented
Approval for new indications is reported
Course Policies and Procedures
References
 Books - must be current ...
 … published within the last 2 years

Websites - these 4 are very useful ...
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www.rxlist.com
www.epocrates.com
www.webmd.com
manufacturer’s website
 when information about a specific brand name
drug product is needed, (for example ... go to
Lilly.com for detailed info on Prozac)
Course Policies and Procedures
References
 Must be reputable
 Must be sited using APA reference format
◦ Take the Plagiarism Policy very seriously!
◦ Reference any drug-information you turn in that
you had to look up (except textbook)

Unsure how to reference?
◦ Seek help by going to the ‘Writing Center’
Role of Medication (Drugs)
The administration of medication is one
of the most important responsibilities of
the healthcare professional
 We must strive to gain all possible
knowledge medicines, their use, and their
abuse
 This knowledge is of utmost importance
in giving the best possible patient care!

Role …continued
The types of things we must learn about
medications are …
 Proper use
 Abuse (improper use)
 Correct dosages
 Methods of administration (delivery)
 Symptoms of overdosage
 Abnormal reactions (allergic,idiosyncratic)

Benefits vs. Risks of drug usage
Correctly used – can be life-saving
 Unwisely used – can cause permanent
harm, may even be fatal
 “Crutches” – drugs can be thought of
this way, as aides in helping a patient heal
 Common-sense must be used when
administering drugs … and never assume!

GENERAL pharmacology terms
Pharmacology -the study of drugs and
their actions
 Pharmacy - art of preparing/dispensing
 Drug - any substance used in medicine
Chemical substance – can be synthetically
made
Plant products – crude drugs
Animal products – insulin, thyroid horm
Food substances – vitamins/minerals

SPECIFIC pharmacy terms
Additive effect – “1 + 1 = 2”
 Adverse effect – negative, unplanned
 Allergic reaction – marked reaction
 Antagonism – “1 + 1 = less than 2”
 Idiosyncratic – abnormal reaction
 Prophylactic – to prevent disease
 Side-effect – unpredictable
 Synergism – “1 + 1 = more than 2”
 Tolerance – increasing resistance

Drug Laws and Regulation
Controlled Substances Act of 1971, which
introduced the DEA (Drug Enforcement
Agency)
 Established drug ‘Schedules’, or categories,
based on the drug’s potential for abuse
 Schedules1 - 5 (often Roman
Numerals)… with (1) being highest
abuse-potential and (5) the least abuse
potential

Schedule 1 drugs (aka C-1’s)
HIGHEST potential for abuse
 NO currently accepted medical use in the
United States
 Lack of accepted safety data
 examples:
*heroin
*LSD
*marijuana

Schedule 2 drugs (aka C-11’s)
High potential for abuse
 DOES have currently accepted medical
use in the U.S. with severe restrictions
 Abuse may lead to severe psychological
or physical dependence
 examples:
*morphine *oxycodone *cocaine
*methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Schedule 3 drugs (aka C-111’s)
Abuse potential less than C-1 and C-11’s
 Currently accepted medical use in U.S.
 Abuse may result in moderate/low physical, or
high psyhological dependence
 examples:
*codeine (small amounts) *hydrocodone
*phendimetrazine (appetite suppressant)

Schedule 4 drugs (aka C-1V’s)
LOW potential for abuse
 Currently accepted medical use in U.S.
 Abuse may result in limited physical or
psychological dependence
 examples:
*diazepam *propoxyphene
*meprobamate *phenobarbital

Schedule 5 drugs (aka C-V’s)
Lowest potential for abuse
 Currently accepted medical us in U.S.
 Abuse tends to be very limited
 examples:
*compounds (mixtures) containing
limited amounts of codeine,
dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone
*Lomotil (diphenoxylate + atropine)

Drug Standards
‘Drug Standards’ list known values,
strengths, quality, and ingredients of
various drugs
 USP – American Drug Standard
 IP – International Drug Standards
 BP and The Pharmaceutical Codex –
British Drug Standards

Sources of Drug Information
These are all things you can use to
research information on drugs
 Rxlist.com – great website!
 Drugs.com – another great website!
 WebMD – disease and drug info
 Drug manufacturer’s website – useful
only if searching the Brand-name drug

Brand-name vs. generic-name
Brand-name is also referred to as the
‘Trade’ name, or ‘Proprietary’ name …
this simply means the original
manufacturer ‘owns’ the name.
 Brand-names are always CAPITALIZED
 Generic drug names are always recorded
in LOWER CASE … this is important!

Pharmaceutical Preparations
Different types of dosage forms are
needed for different applications
 These variations are necessary because of
the wide range of drug properties and
drug uses
 See pages 31 and 32 for fully detailed
information

Oral Dosage forms
Capsules - swallow
 Tablets/pills – swallow/sub-lingual
 Troches – dissolve in mouth
 Long-acting/Extended-release tabs/caps
 Elixirs – contains alcohol
 Emulsions – fat globule suspension
 Syrups – sugar, liquid
 Aerosols/inhalers - spray

Topical Dosage forms (apply)
Gels – easily spread over large areas
 Creams – absorbs quickly into skin
 Ointments – stays on surface
 Powders – wound treatment
 Lotions/Liniments
 Solutions – often used on scalp
 Tinctures/Spirits
 Suppositories – insert rectally
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Review Questions …

Which drug schedule represents the
highest potential for abuse ?
Answer …
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Schedule 1, may also be listed as C-1
Review Question 2 …

The main American drug standard text is
called the …
Answer 2 …

USP (United States Pharmacopoeia)
Thanks guys …
Hope you all have a great week!
-Dr. Jack