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Biodiversty State Lab Notes Summary – → Botana Curus is a hypothetical plant that produces Curol, a compound used for treating certain kinds of cancer. Curol can’t be made in a lab. It grows very slowly and is on the endangered species list, so it’s ability to provide Curol in large quantities is limited. → So, we wanted to find a similar plant species ( X, Y, or Z ) that is the most closely related to Botana Curus, which could also produce Curol. → To do this, we performed 3 Structural and 4 Molecular tests on Botana Curus and species X, Y, and Z. Structural Tests 1. Characteristics of Plants (leaves) – We looked at and described the shape, color, size and texture of the leaves of Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species. 2. Characteristics of Seeds – We looked at and described the shape, color, size, & texture of the seeds of Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species. 3. Microscopic Stem Structure – We looked at a slide of a cross section of the stems of Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species to determine if the tissue bundles were scattered or circular. Molecular Tests 4. Paper Chromatography – We put drops of plant extract from Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species on a piece of paper & placed it in a cup with an inch of water. We then observed the colors of the pigments present and compared Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species. Page 2 Biodiversity State Lab 5. Test for Enzyme M – We needed to test for enzyme M because if it has it, it indicates the organism will produce Curol. So, we tested the plant extract from Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species for the enzyme by putting enzyme indicator powder into 4 different wells and then putting a drop of plant extract from each plant into each well. Those that bubbled up tested positive for enzyme M. 6. Gel Electrophoresis DNA Banding Pattern – We had a different colored strip of paper that represented portions of DNA molecules for of Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species. We cut each strip of “DNA” between each CCGG (the cutting w/scissors simulated what restriction enzymes do). We then counted the base numbers on each strip and glued them on the chart in the correct line. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS is used by scientists to separate the DNA fragments resulting from this binding and cutting process. It is electrically charged field where the negatively charge DNA molecules migrate through a gel-like material toward the positively charged pole. Smaller molecules migrate more rapidly through the gel than larger molecules. 7. Differences in Amino Acid Sequences – We translated sequences of DNA bases that were present in of Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species to a complimentary messenger RNA base sequence. Then we used the universal genetic code table to translate the mRNA base sequences into sequences of Amino Acids in the proteins produced by each species. Then, we compared the Amino Acid sequence of Botana Curus & X, Y, Z species to see which was closest. Page 3 Biodiversity State Lab Conclusion: From comparing Botana Curus & X, Y, Z, species Z had the most similarities to Botana Curus.→ Leave & Seeds similar Stem structure – both scattered bundles Paper chromatography – both blue, yellow & pink pigments Enzyme M – both tested positive No differences in Amino Acid sequences Both had the same band in pattern for Gel Electrophoresis DNA