Download The Exploration and Mining Phases

AJW VENTURES
ASSESSING THE CAPABILITIES OF ESRI 3D ANALYST SOFTWARE
VS OTHER COMPREHENSIVE MINING SOFTWARE
(November 2006)
Wishes Magalela
Ann Moulding
Sarojani Joshi
GIS Management and Implementation (GISC – 6383)
Technology Assessment Report
Table of Contents:
Introduction ............................................................................................ ……………….…3
Objective…………………………………………………………………………………...3
Summary of Discussion…………………………………………………………………....3
The Exploration and Mining Phases…………………………………………………….....3
 Regional……………………………………………………………………………3
 Field (Area)………………………………………………………………………...4
 Mine (Site Investigation……………………………………………………………4
 Anomaly Investigation……………………………………………………………..4
 Resource Modeling and Feasibility Studies………………………………………..4
 Mine Development…………………………………………………………………4
Comparison of functionality of various Software Packages…………………….………....6
Software………………………………………………………………………...………….8
 Geosoft (Oasis Montaj, Target, GM Sys)………………………………………….8
o Oasis Montaj value to ASW Ventures……………………………………..8
 ArcGIS w 3D Analyst……………………………………………………………...9
o ArcGIS with 3D Analyst value to ASW Ventures………………………..11
 SurPac – xPlore Pac, Quarry, and Vision………………………………………. .11
o Surpac Value to ASW Ventures………………………………………… 12
 ArcSDE Database………………………………………………………………...13
 acQuire Database…………………………………………………………………13
o acQuire Value to ASW Ventures……………………………………….. 15
 RockWare……………………………………………………………………… 15
Cost benefit analysis……………………………………………………………………...16
Conclusion…..………………………………………………………………………… ...18
Sources…………………………………………………………………………………...19
Introduction:
AJW Ventures is a junior company based in the US and runs gold exploration programs all over
the world with the aim of delineating exploitable gold deposits and sell to larger mining
companies. Larger mining companies who are in the business of exploration and mining use
traditional mining software to conduct their business. However this software may be too
expensive for small exploration companies who are merely interested in demarcating a mineable
resource and pass it on to the larger mining companies or promote it in the stock market. In order
to maximize on profits, AJW Ventures wishes to find software that would be cheaper than the
existing mining software and yet be able to produce the visual and quantitative results that would
be sufficient to portray the potential of any gold deposit.
Objective:
To compare the capabilities and costs of various Software Packages used for Collecting,
Analyzing, Modeling and Archiving critical exploration information.
Summary of Discussion:

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


Exploration phases
Data Types (Data Output) during each phase of exploration
Software requirements
Technological Analysis of software
Comparative Cost Analysis of the Software
 Conclusion
The Exploration and Mining Phases:
In order for us to analyze the capabilities of the software, we need to identify the stages of
exploration, the output of data format in each phase and the capabilities of the software that is
available. Six phases have been identified and are described below according to their sequence of
execution.
1. Regional – This is conducted on a small-scale 1:100 000 or 1:250 000 where existing
geological information is assessed from the following sources:
 Published Geology Maps/Data usually from the Geological Survey Department
 Published Geochemical Maps/Data usually from the Geological Survey Department
 Published Geophysical Maps/Data from the Geological Survey Department or private
companies that conduct airborne surveys
 Topological Maps/Data from the Geological Survey
 Previous exploration data from other exploration companies deposited with the
Geological Survey Department
This process results in identifying an area for more detailed field exploration. Data is mostly in
hard copy or digital format.
2. Field (Area) - (Assumes licensing has been completed)
Exploration is now conducted in the field at a scale of 1:50 000 or less. Following are the
activities that are conducted at this stage.
 Area geological mapping with structural analysis
 Rock sampling
 Area geochemical sampling (soil and drainage)
 Airborne geophysical surveys
This will result a lot of data that needs to be modeled to show potential anomalies or potential
mine sites. Samples collected may total 500.
3. Mine (Site Investigation)
Exploration is usually conducted at large scales between 1:1000 and 1:10 000. The following are
the activities carried out at this stage.
 Detailed geological mapping and structural analysis
 Detailed closely spaced geochemical soil samples
 Detailed closely spaced ground geophysical surveys (IP, Resistivity, Mag)
Samples collected may total between 2000 and 2500
4. Anomaly Investigation
 Trenching and trench sampling
 Citing and Drilling of anomalies
 Core logging and sampling
Samples collected may total between 1500 and 5000.
5. Resource Modeling and Feasibility Studies
 Ore body Modeling
 Mine Design
 Equipment selection and purchase
 Environmental design and permitting
 Royalties and Taxes
6. Mine Development
 Exploitation
 Rehabilitation
The table 1. below summarizes important information regarding the format output of data
obtained during the phases of exploration. We envisage that ARCGIS 3D analyst will not do the
whole job alone and at some stages we will require to subcontract some of the data manipulation,
as we will demonstrate this in our analysis of the different software.
Phase
1
2
Activity
Data Format
Regional Exploration
Field (Area)
Exploration
Hard copy maps, digital maps 2D, x,y location
Hard copy maps, digital maps $ 9200
2D maps,, sample results ppm/g/t, x,y
location of data
Software
2D
2D Geosoft - $4000
ArcGIS 3D Analyst
$4500
3
Mine Exploration
Hard copy maps, digital maps 2D maps,
x,y location of data
2D Geosoft
ArcGIS 3D Analyst
4
Anomaly Investigation
5
6
Hard copy maps, digital maps 2D, 3D
modeling of trenches, drill holes, sample
results, x,y location
Resource Modeling and Digital and hard copy maps, 3D modeling
Feasibility Studies
of drill holes sample results and ore bodies,
xy location,resource estimates
ArcGIS 3D Analyst
Mine Development
3D software
Table 1. Sample Data format
Figure 1. Sample Database Design
2D, 3D Digital and hard copy mine
development plans, production statistics
3D software
Surpac Quarry $ 8000-$16000, Surpac Vision
$6000-$39000
Comparison of functionality of various Software Packages and use for
Collecting, Analyzing, Modelling and Archiving critical exploration
information:
There are multiple types of data and analyses that are part of the exploration/site investigation
and resource modeling phases of mine development. These phases require similar types of
spatial and analytical data, but the presentation and analyses of these datasets is different at
different stages of the mine development process. Figure 1 shows the multiple phases of
exploration and mine development, with examples of software products that have the
functionality to process the various types of data generated during these phases. Different
packages are better suited to different phases of the process, but these packages often also have
“add ons” that help extend the functionality of different software packages from one phase
another phase. (Note: GeoSoft:Oasis Montaj - Target for Arc Map, Surpac XplorePac – Quarry Vision.).
It is our job to purchase necessary software and database packages that will serve multiple needs,
but also stay within a budget. We are not conducting an “apples to apples” comparison of
software. We are looking at multiple packages that offer different collections of “tools”. We are
deciding which analyses/modelling “tools” we need in-house, and which we can outsource to
consultants for analyses and modeling. Because multiple parties will handle data, with multiple
types of software, data management is a central consideration in this process. After mineral
deposits are discovered and exploration progresses to the 3D phase, data collection becomes
more expensive and data management more critical. These phases will require QA/QC data and
Metadata management.
To evaluate various software packages, the following criteria will be used:

What functions (tools) does it have that will help us visualize and analyze our data.

What “level” of User will be required to effectively use the tool (will we need specialists
or consultants to do the work?)

Data management: (1) will it help streamline our data flow, (2) will it create or solve
security/QA-QC problems.
Figure 2. Outline of Mine Phases with Software
Software:
Geosoft (Oasis Montaj, Target, GM Sys): (http://www.geosoft.com/)
Oasis Montaj used to analyze various types of geophysical data and is used extensively in the
mineral exploration industry. There are other “Grid” packages (RockWare’s Surfer) that can
also process this information. However, it will probably take some manipulating data to get
other software packages to do the same filtering, statistical, and gridding routines that Geosoft is
designed for.
Geosoft products run on a proprietary database designed to maximize the
processing of large geophysical datasets. Figure 2 displays several of the geophysical data
models created by Oasis Montaj.
To serve the exploration community, Geosoft has also developed Target and GM Sys for Plotting
Drillhole data and developing 3D models.
Geophysical grids from Geosoft can be exported in various grid formats as well as a GeoTIFF –
which can be brought into ArcGIS and used as a “layer” to better analyze regional “anomalies”
to be further investigated with on-the ground sampling.
Figure 3. display of geophysical plots from Oasis Montaj (image from www.Geosoft.com)
Oasis Montaj value to ASW Ventures:



Functions: Critical for first phases of mineral exploration. Industry standard for
geophysics
Users: Need specialized person to use to full functionality
Data Management. Proprietary database – but good interface tools.
ArcGIS w 3D Analyst: (Similar packages to ArcGIS is 3D Analyst extension would be
MapInfo with Encom Discover).
Functionality of ArcGIS will not be discussed here (it is assumed that the reader is familiar with
functionality of standard GIS product), however we will note that standard MS Access and other
ODBC databases can be accessed directly through ArcGIS. The 3D Analyst extension of this
software adds the following functionality that will be useful for Exploration/Mine Development
(list from www.rockware.com):
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Create and analyze surfaces
Build surface models from many supported data formats including CAD, shapefiles,
coverages, and images
Perform interactive perspective viewing, including pan and zoom, rotate, tilt, and flythrough simulations, for presentation and analysis
Model real-world surface features such as buildings
Model subsurface features—wells, mines, groundwater, and underground storage
facilities
Generate three-dimensional surfaces on the fly from attributes
Apply data normalization and exaggeration on the fly
Drape two-dimensional data on surfaces and view in three dimensions
Calculate surface area, volume, slope, aspect, and hillshade
Apply various data layer effects such as transparency, lighting, shading, and depth
priority
Generate contours as two-dimensional or three-dimensional features
Perform viewshed and line-of-sight analysis, spot height interpolation, profiling, and
steepest path determination
Query three-dimensional data based on attribute or location
Export data for display on the Web using VRML
Create animations for visualization (AVI, MPEG, and QuickTime)
Elroi (1999) discusses how 3D analyst can be used to plot 3D Boreholes, Surface and ore body
envelopes, and block models. Many of his surfaces were created in other software packages and
brought into 3D analyst using DXF files. Figure 3 shows a downhole plot from this paper.
Figure 4 shows a composite of multiple datatypes that 3D analyst is capable of processing.
Figure 4. Borehole plot in 3D analyst. (from Elroi 1999)
Figure 5. Composite mine drawing from 3D analyst. (from Elroi 1999)
ArcGIS with 3D Analyst value to ASW Ventures:
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

Functions: Critical for visualizing data for several phases of mining. Limited use for
analyzing 3D data
User: User Friendly
Data Management. Reads ODBC databases and multiple other vector, raster and grid
formats. Can import 3D DXF surfaces
On his assessment of the 3D analyst extension for mining, Elroi (1999) concludes:
“The ArcView 3D Analyst extension has enabled ArcView GIS to bridge a gap between
traditional two-and-a-half dimensional data and true three-dimensional data. While this
does not give ArcView GIS the ability to perform the functions of other industry-specific
three-dimensional software packages used for geologic modeling or mine planning [see
Surpac discussed below], it does permit an easier exchange of information between such
packages. This is beneficial to users of both GIS and other modeling software packages.
The tools are basic, but the capability is there waiting to be explored.”
SurPac – xPlore Pac, Quarry, and Vision:
Surpac developed specifically for mining “spanning exploration through production
management” (http://www.surpac.com/about_our_company.asp). Surpac has several different
software packages with Multiple Functionality for all stages of mining process. (see Table 1
below). Other mining and mine planning software on the market include Gemcom
(http://www.gemcomsoftware.com/ - Gemcom acquired Surpac in July 2006), and Vulcan
(http://www.vulcan3d.com/). These sophisticated modelling and planning tools are used
extensively in the mining industry and are critical tools for mining complex deposits. Most
significant are tools to perform complex volume calculations, and statistical analyses tools to
prove reserves. Surpac Data plug-ins allows users to read (not import) GIS, CAD, and standard
database formats (MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle and acQuire). It is likely that data generated
in the exploration and site investigation phases will be brought into one of these software
packages if and when mine development occurs. Table 1. shows a comparison of Surpac Xplore
Pac, Quarry, and Vision and the various functionalities of each.
Mining
Resource
Modelling/
Site Investigation/3D
Feasibility Studies
Modelling
3D Graphics Display
Geological Database
File Management Tools
Geostatistics
Surface Modelling DTMs
Contouring
Fault Modelling
Polygonal Resource
Calculation
Volume Calculations
Solids Modelling
Block Modelling
Digitising
Pit and Dump Design
Drill and Blast Design
Surveying and U/G
Surveying
Pit Optimization
Underground Ring Design
Graphical Sequencer
MinSched Development
Data Plug Ins
Plotting
AutoPlot
TCL Script Automation
Network License Manager
Language Options
Online Help
Tutorials
Custom Training
Xplore Pac
Standard
Optional
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Quarry
Standard
Optional
*
*
*
Vision
Standard
Optional
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Table 2. Comparison of Surpac XplorePac, Quarry and Vision. Compiled from product brochures downloaded
from http://www.surpac.com
Surpac Value to ASW Ventures:



Surpac Modules are a comprehensive set of data analyses and visualization tools for all
stages of mine development between site investigation and actual mining. Specifically, it
has the 3D Volumetric calculation/modelling capabilities to assess the economic viability
of a deposit, and it can be used for multiple stages of mine planning (quarry design,
ramps, other infrastructure).
Requires specialized personnel to operate. Volumetric analyses need professional review
by geologist or mining engineer.
Data Management. Reads ODBC database, shapefiles, AutoCAD, and multiple other
raster and vector formats. Can export DXF surfaces to other software packages.
ArcSDE: http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcsde/about/overview.html
ArcSDE is an advanced data server, providing a gateway for storing, managing, and accessing
spatial data in any of several leading RDBMSs (IBM® DB2®, Informix®, Microsoft® SQL
server™, and Oracle®). from any ArcGIS application. It is a key component in managing a
shared, multiuser geodatabase in a RDBMS. When you need a large geodatabase that can be
edited and viewed simultaneously by many users, ArcSDE adds the necessary capabilities to
ArcGIS.
Advantages of SDE Technology:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
High performance
Extremely large data volumes
Spatial data integrity to ensure data fidelity
Integrated transaction model for multiuser GIS
Comprehensive geographic information management of all geodatabase types (vectors,
rasters, survey, terrains, geoprocessing models, database schemas, metadata, and others)
Common database interface to all leading RDBMSs
Support for the geodatabase and ESRI's industry data models
Reduced cost of ownership
acQuire Database. (www.acquire.com.au)
acQuire is a database interface for mineral exploration and mining data built on a SQL Server
and Oracle platforms. It can be best described as an “enterprise” type database used to manage
geological and other mining data with its Metadata. The product is developed to help streamline
data management at all phases of the exploration and mining process, and for all levels of
companies involved in this development (Junior, Mid Tier, or Major).
The acQuire website states:
“A key objective of the acQuire technology is to provide an infrastructure that has
application for all phases of a mining project. From discovery through mining to closure
and rehabilitation. In this way the fundamental building blocks for all drilling and point
sample observations & measurements are collected on a cumulative basis. Also, the
metadata obtained at each stage can contribute significantly to subsequent decision
making.”
Managing metadata for exploration and mining data is also a key objective of the acQuire data
model as they also state on their website:
“At the point that a set of drilling observations and measurements are used to do a
resource model, it is often imperative for the auditors or modellers to know significant
details about the measurements being used. Examples of this include: What method was
used to obtain the result for a particular sample? What was the down hole survey method
used to determine the trace of the hole? What is the genealogy of the coordinate system
currently being used?”
The acQuire database has multiple interfaces for data entry, editing, and managing. This
includes an interface that can download/upload data on remote devices for data collection, with a
graphical interface that can facilitate data collection and streamline data entry. These interfaces
are shown in figures 5a and 5b.
On the server end, the acQuire data model (ADM) has been developed to support a variety of
commodities and different phases of the mining process. A description of some of these
functions can be found at:
http://www.acquire.com.au/acquire.aspx?pagename=solutionsmineralsproductinformationserverside
Also, 3D Modelling software such as Surpac and Vulcan are designed to read acQuire databases
directly, and being based on standard ODBC database engines of SQL Server and Oracle,
acQuire data should be able to be read directly into ArcGIS.
Figures 6a, and 6b. Data input interface for Pocket acQuire.
http://www.acquire.com.au/acquire.aspx?pagename=solutionsmineralsproductinformationclientside&reference=PR
D000003
According to Cinda Graubard of Geomax inc. (www.geomax.com, a GIS consulting firm for
Geologists), acQuire is used by all of the major mining companies as their mineral information
database. Ms.Graubard is not aware of any Junior companies using acQuire, but feels that many
data conversion, management and metadata problems could be avoided if Junior companies
would adopt this technology. She believes that this technology could save Junior companies
significant money and headaches if implemented at early stages in the exploration phase, and
with appropriate training of personnel entering and managing data.
On the other hand, Robert Slade of MapTec (developer of Vulcan 3D software) indicated that as
a whole, geologists tend to be adverse to any centralized database systems that they feel
encumber their ability to quickly explore new prospects. Although Vulcan 3D software works
well with acQuire, some MapTec employees prefer a similar product developed by Century
Systems Technologies, called “Fusion”
(http://www.centurysystems.net/home.nsf/pages/fusion.htm), which appears to be more geared to
the needs of field geologists. Also, other drilling database products that run on MS Access
database platforms may provide adequate data structuring to adequately streamline our data
processes. This author is aware of one such program called gINT (www.gintsoftware.com)
which is geared towards the environmental and geotechnical communities, but can also be
customized to work for multiple needs. (gINT modules run from ~$500 - ~$2200 per license). It
is also possible that a database management system can be developed in-house in ArcSDE or
some other database package.
acQuire Value to ASW Ventures:
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

Functions: Minimal. (A few graphic interfaces for data entry and editing.)
User: Will require retraining of Geologists and personnel entering data. Will probably
require data information specialist to manage and maintain.
Data Management. EXCELLENT. Designed to manage data for all aspects and all types
of geological/analytic data for mining. Has modules for download/upload to remote
devices for data collection in the field.
RockWare:
Mining software on the cheap. Rockware produces many software packages that can do most of
the things we need to do. The problem with using Rockware is you usually are
importing/exporting files into and our of your software creating lots of file litter and a data
management mess. Most of their products don’t integrate that well with other products.
However, Rockware may contain tools that could be “shoestrings” in our shoestring budget. In
other words to have a copy of Surfer around might be good if we wanted to do simple
geophysical modeling etc.. Several of their other products could also generate some of the 3D
surface modeling we need. For $1500, might not be a bad investment. For a discussion of how
low end products such as RockWare may be used effectively in mineral exploration see Gibbs
(2004).

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
Functions: Several. Multiple tools
User: Each tool will require that geologist or technician read manual on data input/output.
Data Management. In the past POOR. Will create multiple input/output files,
indroducing multiple ambiguities on data genesis/interpretation. But now reads MDB
files and has an Arc GIS interface!!
Figure 7. Summary of software.
Cost benefit analysis:
Cost benefit analysis of software requirement for the ASW ventures with the limited resources
and budget constraint is done on the basis of the



Cost Affordability
In-house Technology Know How
Availability of the required features for analysis
As shown in the context diagram(Fig 2.) of the software need analysis it is clear that the different
software are required at the different phase of mining exploration process.
In the Exploration phase, when the company needs only to do analysis on small-scale 1:100 000
or 1:250 000 data maps eg. identifying the mining areas, ArcGIS with spatial analysis will be
appropriate, as cost of the ArcGIS per user license will be around $2000 with spatial analyst and
technology know how for these software is there within the company.
At the later phase of exploration when evaluation of multiple deposit and more specific analysis
is to be done with geo-physical data, company will require the more radical software. Doing
research on software we came up with GeoSoft Oasis Montaj which cost around $9200 and
alternate software RockWare which could cost around $1500 plus Surfer $550. The company
had decided to go for RockWare at this stage. First of all, it is cheaper than Geosoft Oasis
Montaj. Beside this RockWare.com carries numerous software which can be download free of
cost for doing different modeling analysis.
In second phase (Site Investigation), when acquisition of real and voluminous Geophysics field
data from different sources starts to come, it is now time to think seriously about managing the
data. If one ignores about managing data at this stage then it will surely cost company in
multifolds at later stage of converting and maintaining. As a result of research in this aspect we
came up with acQuire Database Engine which cost more than 15,000 and ArcSDE. $2,500 (25
user License)
(At ArcGIS 9.2, ArcSDE technology and ArcGIS Desktop have been incorporated into ArcGIS Server. ArcSDE will no
longer be sold as a separate product after December 31, 2006.- ESRI)
Company decide to incorporate ArcSDE against acQuire Database Engine as ArcSDE can have
with no cost. So there foresees no reason in spending over $15,000 just for database Engine.
Technology later the better.
At this phase company will also require 3D modeling software. We came up with Xplore pac,
Surpac quarry, Surpac Vision. 3D Analyst extension for ArcGIS, Geosoft Target for Arc GIS.
All of them seems to cost higher expect for 3D Analyst for ArcGIS ($2500 per single user
license). So we concluded to get ArcGIS suite of 3D modeling software in comparison to other
more geophysics oriented software. Apart from the cost for software it would also cost company
either in training the staffs or hiring geologist who can handle this software.
In later phase, when company need to deal with more sophisticated modeling in mining, it will
be good idea to outsource the work from present context of viewpoint. As the cost of those
software are pretty higher. Since those, software are required only after 4, 5 years may be at that
stage company could have been well established or could be able to raised enough fund to
purchase above mention 3D software. As the trend in the IT software marketing shows that as
the technology is getting more and more sophisticated, cost is also dropping considerably. So the
cost could also be within the reach of the company, who knows? Following table 4. shows the
cost comparison.
Phase I (Simple 2D Analysis)
Software
ArcGIS Spatial analysis
Spatial analysis
Cost
$1,290
$2,500
Phase II (Geophysic Data Analysis)
Software
Geosoft Oasis Montaj Geosoft Target for
ArcGIS
Rockware
Rockware Surfer
Cost
$9,200
$1,500
$500
$3,100
Phase III (Data Management)
Software
AcQuire Database Engine
ArcGIS ArcSDE
Cost
>($15,000 ++++
$2,500 (25 user License) ***
Phase IV (3D Modeling Analysis)
Software
ArcGIS 3D Analyst
XplorePac
Cost
$ 2500.00 (if add on $6,700- $10,000
$2,020)
Surpac Vision
Surpac Quarry
$6,000- $39,000
$8,000 - $16,000
Table 4. Cost Comparision Chart
Conclusion:
Conclusion have been made for purchasing
 ArcGIS at the first phase of Exploration
 Rockware with surfer for conducting geo-physic modeling
 ArcSDE for Managing Database
 ArcGIS 3D Analyst for conducting 3D modeling
 And out sourcing of the task when Geophysic 3D software is required to do the advance
3D modeling and analysis
Sources:
Elroi, Daniel. (1999) Three-Dimensional Databases in ArcView GIS and Beyond. ArcUser
October – December 1999.
http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/1099/3database.html
Gibbs, Betty (2004). Mine Modelling and Planning Systems: Large (expensive) vs. Small
(Inexpensive). Earth Science Software Information.
http://www.miningsoftware.com/LargeSmall1.html
http://www.esri.com/industries/mining/picturing-subsurface.pdf
httpwww.esri.com/news/arcnews/winter0203articles/mininggold.html
ArcGIS 3D modeling software http://www.vterrain.org/packages/ArcView/3d_analyst.html
http://store.esri.com/esri/showdetl.cfm
Surpac 3d modeling software http://www.surpac.com
http://www.geoinformatics.com
Rocware 3D modeling sotware http://www.Rockware.com
Other 3D Modelling packages referenced (besides Rockware and Surpac)
Gemcom software (http://www.gemcomsoftware.com)
Maptec – Vulcan 3D (http://www.gemcomsoftware.com)
ArcSDE database engine http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcsde/about/overview.html
Brochure of ArcSDE http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcsde-server.pdf
acquire database www.acquire.com.au
http://www.acquire.com.au/acquire.aspx?pagename=solutionsmineralsproductinformationserverside
Other Database products (besides ArcSDE and acquire)
gINT software (www.gintsoftware.com)
Century Fusion (http://www.centurysystems.net/home.nsf/pages/fusion.htm)
GIS Consultants
GeoMax (www.geomax.com)
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