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U.S. HISTORY
Goal 1-6
Review
Content
Issues: Whiskey Rebellion
The new national government
demonstrated its power by forcefully
stopping the whiskey rebellion
Content issues: Farewell address
Form no political Parties in the United States
Enter into no Foreign Entanglements
Enter into no permanent Alliances
•
Treaty of Grenville Miami Confederacy
gave up most of the land in area that
would become Ohio; ended Native
American resistance in Ohio
Content: Tecumseh
Joined the British army
in the war of 1812 to
stop westward
expansion.
Tecumseh worked to
unite other Indian
tribes to oppose white
western expansion in
the early 1800s. That
dream was crippled
when U.S. troops
defeated warriors led
by Tecumseh's brother.
Tecumseh was later
killed while fighting on
the British side at the
Tecumseh's growing
American Indian
confederation battled
Americans forces in the
war of 1812 with the
British to halt westward
expansion by American
colonist.
Tecumseh and the
Shawnees did not hold
any claim on the land,
but they believed that
Indian land was owned in
common by all of the
tribes, and therefore, no
land could be sold
without all the tribes in
agreement. Goal 1.
Federalist believed in a central banking system
Democratic Republicans – believed in state
banks
Goal 1
Content
issues:
Thomas Jefferson
Believed in a strict interpretation of
the constitution
Content clues: Sectionalism
Written in response to the Alien and Sedition
Acts
Southern's protesting the right to protest
against the national government
Content issue: Voting election of 1804
No enslaved persons
No women
No landless farmers
Content issues: women’s suffrage - the right to vote
• Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to
them than your ancestors.
• Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands.
Remember all men would be tyrants if they could.
• If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are
determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves
bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.
Content Issues: Pinckney’s Treaty
Spain gave up all claims to land east of Mississippi River,
except Florida.
Pinckney’s Treaty gave the U.S. the right to navigate the
Mississippi River
On the acquisition of Louisiana, in the year 1803, the
attention of the government of the United States,
was early directed towards exploring and improving
the new territory.
Adams-Onís Treaty
The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 (formally titled the
Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the
United States the Florida Purchase Treaty) was a
historic agreement between the United States and
Spain that settled a border dispute in North America
between the two nation.
Content issues:
The XYZ Affair France attempts to bribe American officials
The United States officials refused the terms
Adams made public the blackmail attempt
The XYZ Affair resulted in tense bitterness on both sides,
and led to an undeclared naval war between the U.S. and
France that lasted several years.
Jay’s treaty
The "Jay Treaty" was
ratified by Congress in
1797. John Jay
negotiated this treaty
with Great Britain. Under
Jay's Treaty, the British
agreed to leave areas in
the Northwest Territory
which they had been
required to return earlier,
under the Treaty of Paris.
This treaty did not,
however, oblige the
British to observe
American neutral rights.
Samuel Worcester, a missionary, defied Georgia through
peaceful means to protest the state's handling of
Cherokee lands. Worcester filed a lawsuit against the
state that went all the way to the Supreme Court,
where the Cherokee won the case. President Andrew
Jackson would not up hold the supreme court ruling
and forced the Cherokees to move from their
homelands despite Chief Justice John Marshall ruling
supreme court ruling.
The
US wanted an end to what they
saw as European dominance in the
area of economics and exports. The
Monroe Doctrine (1823) explicitly
stated that the U.S. would not tolerate
European colonialism in the western
hemisphere .
Goal 2
President Andrew
Jackson created the
spoils system by
giving his unqualified
supporters positions
in federal
government, this
system was later
overturned by
Pendleton civil service
reform act.
Content Issues: Andrew Jackson
Destroyed the bank of the United States
Created the spoils system
Forced the Cherokee to leave Georgia on the
trail of tears
Overruled Worster vs. Georgia
President, Jackson
greatly expanded the
power of white men
by eliminating the
voting requirement
for white men his
presidential tenure
was known as the
period of the
common man.
Andrew Jackson
opened his
inauguration to
regular (Common
people) folks
“I believe that
banking institutions
are more dangerous
to our liberties than
standing armies ...
The issuing power
should be taken from
the banks and
restored to the
Government, to
whom it properly
belongs." Andrew
Jackson
Content Issues:
William Lloyd Garrison, attacked southern
slave owners by condemning slavery on
moral grounds and demanding immediate
emancipation and racial equality
Content Issues: Quakers and the Inner light
The abolitionist movement contributed to the ongoing
conflict between the North and the South.
Intensified the sectional conflict between the North and
the South was largely centered around the issue of
slavery.
The extension of slavery into the western territories,
became a central issue and a major cause of the Civil
War.
Reformers led by
Dorothea Dix led the
way to more modern
treatment of the
mentally ill.
Dorothea Dix was an
extremely influential
reformer of the
period. Her work led
to prison reform and
improved treatment
of the insane. In
1843 Dix sent the
following report to
the Massachusetts
legislature.
Content Issue:
Horace Mann was a pioneer in the reform of the
American public educational system.
Horace Mann had a vision to establish the most
comprehensive and complete educational system
possible for the children and teachers. His
educational reforms had a profound effect on the
United States public education system.
Education
Led by Horace Mann,
the great educational
reformer, a
movement was led to
create mandatory
public education in
America. After
several centuries of
struggle his ideas
were eventually
implemented
throughout America.
Elizabeth Cady
Stanton 1848
Convention, and for
the next fifty years
played a leadership
role in the women's
rights movement.
Along with her friend
Susan B. Anthony,
Stanton was for many
years the architect
and author of the
movement's most
important strategies
and documents.
Content Issues: Second Great Awakening
Women led the temperance movement
temperance advocates were women
Christian women played a role in helping
those people who have become consumed by
immoral acts redeem themselves.
Content Issues: Internal Improvements
Henry Clay wanted to link the Mississippi with the Great
Lakes
Create a trancontential railroad transportation network
for shipping goods
Build canal, roads, ships and trains that would connect
the country.
Content Issues: Cotton Gin
made it profitable for southern planters to
extend enslavement further south and west
Cotton Gin caused an increase in the amount
of enslaved persons needed to labor in
cotton fields
Content Issues Hudson River school
Each painting focused on the beauty, size,
and abundance of the U.S. landscape
Express the feelings of Nationalism
To promote the imagery of the United States
Wilmot's Proviso Goal 2
David Wilmot proposal led to
northern and southern
sectional lines.
The Pennsylvania
representative was so
adamantly against the
extension of slavery to lands
ceded by Mexico, he made a
proposition that would divide
the Congress. On August 8,
1846, Wilmot introduced
legislation in the House that
boldly declared, "neither
slavery nor involuntary
servitude shall ever exist" in
lands won in the MexicanAmerican War.
Content issues: John C. Calhoun
Increased Northern and Southern sectional tensions
over the issue of Enslavement
Nullification doctrine suggesting southern states could
nullify federal laws that abridge states rights leading to
southern succession
Emerson’s Essay, ‘SelfReliance’: to believe your
own thought...that is
genius. Essay on selfreliance, as well as essays
on compensation
individualistic idealism
Civil Disobedience argues
that people should not
permit governments to
overrule or their
consciences, and that
people have a duty to
avoid allowing
governments to make
them the agents of
injustice.
Thoreau was motivated in
part by his disgust with
slavery and the MexicanAmerican War.
Content Issues: Expansion 0f Slavery
While slavery was developing in the South of the
United States, the North continued to develop its
industry, especially in cotton textiles.
By 1860 there were some 1,800,000 hired workers
employed in industry and transport and some 800,000
farm laborers.
Content Issues: Texas Annexation
Major Problems Texas would be free or Slave
state
Southerns wanted controlling interest in
congress to increase their slave power
More slave states than free states
Content issue: Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1854, Congress decided to extend popular
sovereignty to the unsettled areas of the Louisiana
Purchase, now know as the Kansas and Nebraska
territories. This act led to violence and a pre-cursor to
the Civil War as pro-abolition and pro-slavery forces
flooded Kansas to sway the vote, in what became
known as Bloody Kansas.
Content Issues:
Popular Sovereignty Stephen Douglas in the
free western territory
Lincoln and the problem of Enslavement
Lincoln becomes the Republican party
candidate
Content Issues: Lincoln–Douglas debates
Cause the split of the democratic party
Formed the Republican party
Lincoln became a public figure on the issue of slavery
South seceded from the union 1860 when Lincoln
became president.
Lincoln
first reason for fighting
the Civil War was to:
Preserve the Union
Content Issues:
Lincoln election caused southern - succession
Southerns did not vote for Lincoln
Southern plantation (Solid South) owners form
the confederate states of America
Firing in the Union fort Sumter begins the war
* Content issues:
* Battle at Gettysburg, PA, was the turning
point of the civil war.
* It was the last offensive movement for
the south or Confederacy
The Massachusetts 54th Colored Infantry during the Civil War,
fought in a disciplined manner in the U.S. Army.
President Lincoln realized that the country would need every ablebodied man they could muster.
Once the Emancipation Proclamation was signed at the start of
1863, recruiting of black soldiers began.
Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the 26-year old scion of a
white abolitionist family in Boston, the 54th stormed the
Confederate Fort Wagner in a bold attack that generated heavy
casualties, but galvanized Northern admiration for black soldiers
First & Second battles of Bull Run
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Anancadonda Plan – cut of supplies to
confederacy from the Mississippi river
Content issues:
The Klan's first
incarnation was in
1866. Founded by
veterans of the
Confederate Army, its
main purpose was to
resist Reconstruction,
and it focused as
much on intimidating
freed slaves, denying
them citizenship
rights throughout the
southern states
the Fourteenth Amendment
was added to the United
States Constitution during
reconstruction. Requiring
southern states ratification
before reentrance into the
union. The Fourteenth
Amendment Known as
"Reconstruction Amendments"
along with the Thirteenth and
Fifteenth Amendments, the
Fourteenth Amendment
forbids any state to deny to
any person "life, liberty or
property, without due process
of law" or to "deny to any
person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of its laws
Content issues:
Amendment XIII
Section 1. Neither
slavery nor
involuntary servitude,
except as a
punishment for crime
whereof the party
shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist
within the United
States, or any place
subject to their
jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress
shall have power to
enforce this article by
appropriate legislation
Ratified December 6,
1865
Content Issues
15th Amendment to
the U.S. Constitution:
Voting Rights (1870)
Passed by Congress
February 26, 1869,
and ratified February
3, 1870, the 15th
amendment granted
African American men
the right to vote.
The Constitution of the United States 13th,
14th & 15th Civil rights Amendments
1865 – 1868 these rights sought to
protect newly freedmen (s) rights.
Reconstruction was an attempt to achieve
national reunification and reconciliation
after the Civil War and to improve the
The Freedmen's Bureau established schools for
the Freedmen.
There are many examples of schools being
funded by the Freedmen Bureau which
provided food clothing and farm tools for newly
freedmen persons during reconstruction in the
south.
Content: General
Grant's armies
converged on
Vicksburg, investing
the city and
entrapping a
Confederate army
under Lieutenant
General John
Pemberton.
On July 4, Vicksburg
the south surrendered
after prolonged siege
operations. This was
the
With the loss of
Vicksburg the
Confederacy was
On January 25, 1877,
Congress determined the
presidential election
between Rutherford B.
Hayes and Samuel
Tilden. Tilden won the
popular vote but lost
through the Compromise
of 1877.
With drawl of federal
troops from the south
Northern congressmen
wanted to invest in
westward expansion.
Reconstruction ended
and southern politicians
were in control of the
southern politics
resulting in the
compromise of 1877
Content: Exodusters
The Exodusters were freed African Americans from the south.
Exodusters were sharecroppers who where cheated out of their
crops and suffered poverty because they didn't make enough profit
were in great debt.
African Americans left the south due to oppressive conditions
imposed by Democratic southern politicians, plantation owners,
and the Ku Klux Klan.
Content Issue: Western Expansion
Manifest Destiny was a phrase that expressed the belief that the United
States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific
Ocean.
Manifest Destiny advocated for or justify other territorial acquisitions.
Advocates believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was
obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny").
American expansion into the west was good for
democracy because people in the western frontier
actively participated in the political process
Western settlement
through military
activity and railroad
sponsorship. Native
peoples who already
inhabited western
lands faced
catastrophe changes
associated with white
settlers desire to
expand west for
religious freedom and
economic opportunity
resulting in native
American assimilation
and loss their cultural
way of life.
Content Issues: Settlement into the Western Territories
The Central Pacific started building the Transcontinental
Railroad eastward from Sacramento, demand for
Chinese workers increased greatly. The CP figured they
needed 5,000 Chinese immigrants workers to build the
railroad, but thousands more were required.
Content issues
Mormons and Irish
migration west was
due to religious
persecution in the
mid-1800,s
These groups
moving west
Chinese, Blacks,
Irish and Mormons
were used as cheap
labor sources.
Content Issues:
The U.S.
government
opened the great
plains to western
settlement and as
a result native
American lands
were acquired by
white settlers who
wanted protection
from the U.S.
military leading to
many wars and
massacres of
Native Americans.
Grangers and populist
wanted bimetallism
The idea of “Free
Silver” (the open
coinage of silver
backed dollars, as
opposed to those
backed by more
expensive gold)
Grangers populist
organizations in order
to push for regulation
of the railroads and
their rates.
In 1837 John Deere
made a plow out of a
steel saw blade. This
plow was the answer
to western farmer's
problems. The steel
plow tore apart the
dirt more easily
allowing for irrigation
ditches to be easily
allowing for the
creation of dry
farming.
Content Issues:
The power of voters expanded
Regulation of railroads the Interstate commerce
Acts
Government control of Big Business
Content Issues:
The foundation of the College of Engineering
traces its roots to the Morrill Act of 1862.
This act provided for a land grant institution in
each state and territory. the Agriculture College
and Experiment Station.
Content
Issues:
Western expansion
was achieved by
the
transcontinental
railroad
Native American
genocide
Homestead Act
Morrill Land Grant
Act
Content Issues: The Grange and later the populist
party fought for regulation of big business by
government power
created an Interstate Commerce Commission to
oversee the conduct of the railroad industry
With this act, the railroads became the first industry
subject to Federal regulation.
Content Issues:
Nativists believe there are right and wrongs type of
people immigrating to America
Nativist oppose immigration on the grounds it takes
jobs away from Americans
American businessmen support immigration for cheap
labor
Content Issues:
Western Expansion had the greatest impact on
the exploitation of Native Americans
Native Americans were forced to assimilate into
white society
Content issues:
Oregon Territory 54-40 fight or flight
Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Gadsden purchase set the borders of the US
Louisiana Purchase – native American lands
Content Issues: Expansion of slavery
The next year in the Senate Calhoun and Daniel
Webster opposed each other over slavery and
states' rights in a famous debate. In 1844 President
John Tyler appointed Calhoun secretary of state. In
later years he was reelected to the Senate, where
he supported the Texas Annexation and defeated
the Wilmot Proviso, Free labor Freeland, and
Content Issue: Cheap labor
Northern factories used immigrants to work in
factories for low wages
The south used black sharecroppers as cheap
labor after the civil war
Content Issue: Reasons for immigration
Immigration and the Industrial Revolution
Business leaders wanted cheap labor
Immigrants wanted better living conditions for
their children schools colleges overall a better
quality of life.
Content Issues:
Robber Barons: Rockefeller, Carnegie,
Vanderbilt and Morgan
created monopolies and trusts
Supported Social Darwinism to defend their
enormous wealth.
Content Issues: Collective Bargaining union Arbitration
Labor unions did not make significant gains
Working conditions were horrible and required strikes
Robber Barons used newspaper articles about violent
strikes to turn public opinion against labor unions
Content Issues:
The Pendleton Act provided the following reforms:
A Civil Service Commission would be formed to administer tests to
qualified applicants for government jobs;
Competitive exams would be used to hire some government
workers;
Government employees would no longer be forced to make
campaign contributions to political parties.
Content Issues:
These theories
justified U.S.
capitalist industrial
wealth in the second
half of the 19th
century
Social Darwinism
Laissez-faire
economic policies
The ideas expressed
in The Gospel of
Wealth
Content Issues: John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Trust Company
Richest of the Robber Barons
Muckraker- Ida Tarbell – Trust Buster
Clayton Anti-Trust Act ended Trust and
Monopolies in America
Monopolization —
Rockefeller is
remembered for
buying up all of the
components needed
for the manufacture
of oil barrels in order
to prohibit his
competitors from
getting their product
on the market
Standard Oil followed
the path of horizontal
integration until the
Sherman Anti-Trust
act repealed
monopolies
Gospel of wealth,
industrialist Andrew
Carnegie argued that
individual capitalists were
duty bound to play a
broader cultural and
social role and thus
improve the world. “The
man of wealth must
become a trustee and
agent for his poorer
brethren, bringing to
their service his superior
wisdom, experience, and
ability to administer.”
Content Issue: Jane Adams Hull House
Social Gospel some Industrialist used their
wealth to help the poor
Society being made better by applying
Christian principles
Content Issues: Founder Samuel Gompers
(AFL) Craft Unions
American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused its
efforts on craft unions
Late 18th and early 19th
century unions experience a
decline in the growth of unions
due to violent strikes that
depicted unions as institutions
of anti-American activity.
Unions unsuccessfully
attempted collective
bargaining between business
and workers with the U.S.
government serving as the
mediator.
Collective bargaining became a
causality of violent strikes that
plagued the era.
Content Issues: Josiah Strong Christian Minster/Preacher
To spread western civilization and Christian ideas
Social Darwinism promoted a belief that America was
superior over South American nations.
Content issues: To open New Markets in the
Western Hemisphere
U.S. Imperialism
Senator Alfred T. Mahan - Imperialist
Creation of a Powerful US Navy
Content Issues: Cuba is an Independent country
After Spanish American War
Platt Amendment gives U.S. political control over Cuba
Dollar diplomacy is used in Cuba to create over seas
investment
Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam were acquired by
the US after the Spanish American War by the Treaty
of Versailles
Content Issues:
The use of Hawaii as Naval station for U.S.
US planters wanted control of economic
interest
Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown by the US
Content Issues: William Howard Taft
Dollar Diplomacy
Newly acquired U.S. territories used to create a
profit
Increase the trade balance in favor of the U.S.
