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U.S. HISTORY
Goal 1-6
Review
 Content
Issues: Whiskey Rebellion
 The new national government
demonstrated its power by forcefully
stopping the whiskey rebellion
Content issues: Farewell address
Form no political Parties in the United States
 Enter into no Foreign Entanglements
 Enter into no permanent Alliances
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Treaty of Grenville Miami Confederacy
gave up most of the land in area that
would become Ohio; ended Native
American resistance in Ohio
 Content
issues:
 Thomas Jefferson
 Believed in a strict interpretation of
the constitution
Content clues
 Written in response to the Alien and Sedition
Acts
 Southern's protesting the right to protest
against the national government
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Content issue: Voting election of 1804
 No enslaved persons
 No women
 No landless farmers
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Content issues: women’s suffrage - the right to vote
• Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to
them than your ancestors.
• Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands.
Remember all men would be tyrants if they could.
• If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are
determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves
bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.
Content Issues: Pinckney’s Treaty
Spain gave up all claims to land east of Mississippi River,
except Florida.
Pinckney’s Treaty gave the U.S. the right to navigate the
Mississippi River
On the acquisition of Louisiana, in the year 1803, the
attention of the government of the United States,
was early directed towards exploring and improving
the new territory.
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Adams-Onís Treaty
The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 (formally titled the
Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the
United States the Florida Purchase Treaty) was a
historic agreement between the United States and
Spain that settled a border dispute in North America
between the two nation.
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Content issues:
The XYZ Affair France attempts to bribe American officials
The United States officials refused the terms
Adams made public the blackmail attempt
The XYZ Affair resulted in tense bitterness on both sides,
and led to an undeclared naval war between the U.S. and
France that lasted several years.
Jay’s treaty
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The "Jay Treaty" was
ratified by Congress in
1797. John Jay
negotiated this treaty
with Great Britain. Under
Jay's Treaty, the British
agreed to leave areas in
the Northwest Territory
which they had been
required to return earlier,
under the Treaty of Paris.
This treaty did not,
however, oblige the
British to observe
American neutral rights.
Samuel Worcester, a missionary, defied Georgia through
peaceful means to protest the state's handling of
Cherokee lands. Worcester filed a lawsuit against the
state that went all the way to the Supreme Court,
where the Cherokee won the case. President Andrew
Jackson would not up hold the supreme court ruling
and forced the Cherokees to move from their
homelands despite Chief Justice John Marshall ruling
supreme court ruling.
President Andrew
Jackson created the
spoils system by
giving his unqualified
supporters positions
in federal
government, this
system was later
overturned by
Pendleton civil service
reform act.
Content Issues: Andrew Jackson
 Destroyed the bank of the United States
 Created the spoils system
 Forced the Cherokee to leave Georgia on the
trail of tears
 Overruled Worster vs. Georgia
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President, Jackson
greatly expanded the
power of white men
by eliminating the
voting requirement
for white men his
presidential tenure
was known as the
period of the
common man.
Andrew Jackson
opened his
inauguration to
regular (Common
people) folks
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“I believe that
banking institutions
are more dangerous
to our liberties than
standing armies ...
The issuing power
should be taken from
the banks and
restored to the
Government, to
whom it properly
belongs." Andrew
Jackson
Content Issues:
 William Lloyd Garrison, attacked southern
slave owners by condemning slavery on
moral grounds and demanding immediate
emancipation and racial equality
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Content Issues: Quakers and the Inner light
The abolitionist movement contributed to the ongoing
conflict between the North and the South.
Intensified the sectional conflict between the North and
the South was largely centered around the issue of
slavery.
The extension of slavery into the western territories,
became a central issue and a major cause of the Civil
War.
Reformers led by
Dorothea Dix led the
way to more modern
treatment of the
mentally ill.
 Dorothea Dix was an
extremely influential
reformer of the
period. Her work led
to prison reform and
improved treatment
of the insane. In
1843 Dix sent the
following report to
the Massachusetts
legislature.
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Content Issue:
Horace Mann was a pioneer in the reform of the
American public educational system.
Horace Mann had a vision to establish the most
comprehensive and complete educational system
possible for the children and teachers. His
educational reforms had a profound effect on the
United States public education system.
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Education
Led by Horace Mann,
the great educational
reformer, a
movement was led to
create mandatory
public education in
America. After
several centuries of
struggle his ideas
were eventually
implemented
throughout America.
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Elizabeth Cady
Stanton 1848
Convention, and for
the next fifty years
played a leadership
role in the women's
rights movement.
Along with her friend
Susan B. Anthony,
Stanton was for many
years the architect
and author of the
movement's most
important strategies
and documents.
Content Issues: Second Great Awakening
 Women led the temperance movement
 temperance advocates were women
 Christian women played a role in helping
those people who have become consumed by
immoral acts redeem themselves.
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Content Issues: Internal Improvements
Henry Clay wanted to link the Mississippi with the Great
Lakes
Create a trancontential railroad transportation network
for shipping goods
Build canal, roads, ships and trains that would connect
the country.
Content Issues Hudson River school
 Each painting focused on the beauty, size,
and abundance of the U.S. landscape
 Express the feelings of Nationalism
 To promote the imagery of the United States
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Emerson’s Essay, ‘SelfReliance’: to believe your
own thought...that is
genius. Essay on selfreliance, as well as essays
on compensation
individualistic idealism
Civil Disobedience argues
that people should not
permit governments to
overrule or their
consciences, and that
people have a duty to
avoid allowing
governments to make
them the agents of
injustice.
Thoreau was motivated in
part by his disgust with
slavery and the MexicanAmerican War.
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Content Issues: Expansion 0f Slavery
While slavery was developing in the South of the
United States, the North continued to develop its
industry, especially in cotton textiles.
By 1860 there were some 1,800,000 hired workers
employed in industry and transport and some 800,000
farm laborers.
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Content issue: Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1854, Congress decided to extend popular
sovereignty to the unsettled areas of the Louisiana
Purchase, now know as the Kansas and Nebraska
territories. This act led to violence and a pre-cursor to
the Civil War as pro-abolition and pro-slavery forces
flooded Kansas to sway the vote, in what became
known as Bloody Kansas.
Content Issues:
 Popular Sovereignty Stephen Douglas in the
free western territory
 Lincoln and the problem of Enslavement
 Lincoln becomes the Republican party
candidate
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Content Issues: Lincoln–Douglas debates
Cause the split of the democratic party
Formed the Republican party
Lincoln became a public figure on the issue of slavery
South seceded from the union 1860 when Lincoln
became president.
Lincoln
first reason for
fighting the Civil War was to:
Preserve the Union
Content Issues:
 Lincoln election caused southern - succession
 Southerns did not vote for Lincoln
 Southern plantation (Solid South) owners form
the confederate states of America
 Firing in the Union fort Sumter begins the war
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* Content issues:
* Battle at Gettysburg, PA, was the
turning point of the civil war.
* It was the last offensive movement
for the south or Confederacy
The Massachusetts 54th Colored Infantry during the Civil War,
fought in a disciplined manner in the U.S. Army.
President Lincoln realized that the country would need every ablebodied man they could muster.
Once the Emancipation Proclamation was signed at the start of
1863, recruiting of black soldiers began.
Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the 26-year old scion of a
white abolitionist family in Boston, the 54th stormed the
Confederate Fort Wagner in a bold attack that generated heavy
casualties, but galvanized Northern admiration for black soldiers
First & Second battles of Bull Run
 Vicksburg
 Gettysburg
 Anancadonda Plan – cut of supplies to
confederacy from the Mississippi river
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Content issues:
 The Klan's first
incarnation was in
1866. Founded by
veterans of the
Confederate Army, its
main purpose was to
resist Reconstruction,
and it focused as
much on intimidating
freed slaves, denying
them citizenship
rights throughout the
southern states
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the Fourteenth
Amendment was added to
the United States
Constitution during
reconstruction. Requiring
southern states
ratification before
reentrance into the union.
The Fourteenth
Amendment Known as
"Reconstruction
Amendments" along with
the Thirteenth and
Fifteenth Amendments, the
Fourteenth Amendment
forbids any state to deny
to any person "life, liberty
or property, without due
process of law" or to "deny
to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal
protection of its laws
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Content issues:
Amendment XIII
Section 1. Neither
slavery nor
involuntary servitude,
except as a
punishment for crime
whereof the party
shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist
within the United
States, or any place
subject to their
jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress
shall have power to
enforce this article by
appropriate legislation
Ratified December 6,
1865
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Content Issues
15th Amendment to
the U.S. Constitution:
Voting Rights (1870)
Passed by Congress
February 26, 1869,
and ratified February
3, 1870, the 15th
amendment granted
African American men
the right to vote.
The Constitution of the United States 13th,
14th & 15th Civil rights Amendments
1865 – 1868 these rights sought to
protect newly freedmen (s) rights.
Reconstruction was an attempt to achieve
national reunification and reconciliation
after the Civil War and to improve the
The Freedmen's Bureau established schools for
the Freedmen.
There are many examples of schools being
funded by the Freedmen Bureau which
provided food clothing and farm tools for newly
freedmen persons during reconstruction in the
south.
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On January 25, 1877,
Congress determined the
presidential election
between Rutherford B.
Hayes and Samuel
Tilden. Tilden won the
popular vote but lost
through the Compromise
of 1877.
Northern congressmen
wanted to invest in
westward expansion.
Reconstruction ended
and southern politicians
were in control of the
southern politics
resulting in the
compromise of 1877
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Content: Exodusters
The Exodusters were freed African Americans from the south.
Exodusters were sharecroppers who where cheated out of their
crops and suffered poverty because they didn't make enough profit
were in great debt.
African Americans left the south due to oppressive conditions
imposed by Democratic southern politicians, plantation owners,
and the Ku Klux Klan.
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Content Issue:
Manifest Destiny was a phrase that expressed the belief that the United
States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific
Ocean.
Manifest Destiny advocated for or justify other territorial acquisitions.
Advocates believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was
obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny").
American expansion was good for democracy because
people in the western frontier actively participated in the
political process
Western settlement
through military
activity and railroad
sponsorship. Native
peoples who already
inhabited western
lands faced
catastrophe changes
associated with white
settlers desire to
expand west for
religious freedom and
economic opportunity
resulting in native
American assimilation
and loss their cultural
way of life.
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Content Issues:
The Central Pacific started building the
Transcontinental Railroad eastward from
Sacramento, demand for Chinese workers
increased greatly. The CP figured they needed
5,000 Chinese immigrants workers to build the
railroad, but thousands more were required.
Content issues
 Mormons and Irish
migration west was
due to religious
persecution in the
mid-1800,s
 These groups
moving west
Chinese, Blacks,
Irish and Mormons
were used as cheap
labor sources.
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Content Issues:
 The U.S.
government
opened the great
plains to western
settlement and as
a result native
American lands
were acquired by
white settlers who
wanted protection
from the U.S.
military leading to
many wars and
massacres of
Native Americans.
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Grangers and populist
wanted bimetallism
The idea of “Free
Silver” (the open
coinage of silver
backed dollars, as
opposed to those
backed by more
expensive gold)
 Grangers populist
organizations in order
to push for regulation
of the railroads and
their rates.
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In 1837 John Deere
made a plow out of a
steel saw blade. This
plow was the answer
to western farmer's
problems. The steel
plow tore apart the
dirt more easily
allowing for irrigation
ditches to be easily
allowing for the
creation of dry
farming.
Content Issues:
 The power of voters expanded
 Regulation of railroads the Interstate
commerce Acts
 Government control of Big Business
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Content Issues:
 The foundation of the College of Engineering
traces its roots to the Morrill Act of 1862.
 This act provided for a land grant institution
in each state and territory. the Agriculture
College and Experiment Station.
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 Content
Issues:
 Western expansion
was achieved by
the
transcontinental
railroad
 Native American
genocide
 Homestead Act
 Morrill Land Grant
Act
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Content Issues: the Interstate Commerce Act
The Grange fought against high rail road rates
created an Interstate Commerce Commission to
oversee the conduct of the railroad industry
With this act, the railroads became the first
industry subject to Federal regulation.
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Content Issues:
Nativists believe there are right and wrongs type
of people immigrating to America
Nativist oppose immigration on the grounds it
takes jobs away from Americans
American businessmen support immigration for
cheap labor
Content Issues: Texas Annexation
 Major Problems Texas would be free or Slave
state
 Southerns wanted controlling interest in
congress to increase their slave power
 More slave states than free states
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Content Issues: Cotton Gin
 made it profitable for southern planters to
extend enslavement further south and west
 Cotton Gin caused an increase in the amount
of enslaved persons needed to labor in
cotton fields
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Content issues: John C. Calhoun
Increased Northern and Southern sectional
tensions over the issue of Enslavement
Nullification doctrine suggesting southern states
could nullify federal laws that abridge states
rights leading to southern succession
Content Issues:
 Western Expansion had the greatest impact
on the exploitation of Native Americans
 Native Americans were forced to assimilate
into white society
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Content issues:
 Oregon Territory 54-40 fight or flight
 Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
 Gadsden purchase set the borders of the US
 Louisiana Purchase – native American lands
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Content Issues: Expansion of slavery
The next year in the Senate Calhoun and Daniel
Webster opposed each other over slavery and
states' rights in a famous debate. In 1844 President
John Tyler appointed Calhoun secretary of state. In
later years he was reelected to the Senate, where
he supported the Texas Annexation and defeated
the Wilmot Proviso, Free labor Freeland, and
Content Issue: Cheap labor
 Northern factories used immigrants to work in
factories for low wages
 The south used black sharecroppers as cheap
labor after the civil war
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Content Issue: Reasons for immigration
 Immigration and the Industrial Revolution
 Business leaders wanted cheap labor
 Immigrants wanted better living
conditions for their children schools
colleges overall a better quality of life.
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Content Issues:
 Robber Barons created monopolies and
trusts
 Supported Social Darwinism to defend their
enormous wealth.
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Content Issues: Collective Bargaining union Arbitration
Labor unions did not make significant gains
Working conditions were horrible and required strikes
Robber Barons used newspaper articles about violent
strikes to turn public opinion against labor unions
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Content Issues:
The Pendleton Act provided the following reforms:
A Civil Service Commission would be formed to administer
tests to qualified applicants for government jobs;
Competitive exams would be used to hire some government
workers;
Government employees would no longer be forced to make
campaign contributions to political parties.
Content Issues:
 These theories
justified U.S.
industrial capitalism
in the second half of
the 19th century
 Social Darwinism
 Laissez-faire
economic policies
 The ideas expressed
in The Gospel of
Wealth
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Content Issues: John D. Rockefeller
 Standard Oil Trust Company
 Richest of the Robber Barons
 Muckraker- Ida Tarbell – Trust Buster
 Clayton Anti-Trust Act ended Trust and
Monopolies in America
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Content Issue: Jane Adams Hull House
 Social Gospel some Industrialist used their
wealth to help the poor
 Society being made better by applying
Christian principles
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Content Issues: Founder Samuel Gompers
 (AFL) Craft Unions
 American Federation of Labor (AFL)
focused its efforts on craft unions
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Content Issues: Josiah Strong
To spread western civilization and Christian ideas
Social Darwinism promoted a belief that America
was superior over South American nations.
Content issues: To open New Markets in the
Western Hemisphere
 U.S. Imperialism
 Senator Alfred T. Mahan - Imperialist
 Creation of a Powerful US Navy
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Content Issues: Cuba is an Independent country
After Spanish American War
Platt Amendment gives U.S. political control over Cuba
Dollar diplomacy is used in Cuba to create over seas
investment
Content Issues:
 The use of Hawaii as Naval station for U.S.
 US planters wanted control of economic
interest
 Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown by the US
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