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Name: ________________________________________ Cultural Literacy 3 Allusion: Athena Ares Athena, also referred to as Pallas Athena, is the goddess of wisdom, civilization, warfare, strength, strategy, female arts, crafts, justice and skill. Minerva, Athena's Roman incarnation, embodies similar attributes. Athena is also a shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavor. She is the virgin patron of Athens. Athena is the daughter of Zeus; she has no mother. Depending on the myth, her Aegis would have been her breastplate or shield. It bore the head of Medusa. Ares is the Greek god of war. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. In Greek literature, he often represents the physical or violent aspect of war, in contrast to the armored Athena, whose functions as a goddess of intelligence include military strategy and generalship. The Greeks had mixed feelings toward Ares: although he embodied the physical valor necessary for success in war, he was a dangerous force. Fear and Terror were yoked to his battle chariot. In the Iliad his father Zeus tells Ares that he is the god most hateful to him. During the Trojan War, Ares was on the losing side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art as holding Nike (Victory) in her hand, favored the triumphant Greeks. The Roman equivalent, Mars, enjoyed a much more dignified position in the public eye. Name: ________________________________________ Cultural Literacy 3 Allusion: Athena Ares Athena, also referred to as Pallas Athena, is the goddess of wisdom, civilization, warfare, strength, strategy, female arts, crafts, justice and skill. Minerva, Athena's Roman incarnation, embodies similar attributes. Athena is also a shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavor. She is the virgin patron of Athens. Athena is the daughter of Zeus; she has no mother. Depending on the myth, her Aegis would have been her breastplate or shield. It bore the head of Medusa. Ares is the Greek god of war. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. In Greek literature, he often represents the physical or violent aspect of war, in contrast to the armored Athena, whose functions as a goddess of intelligence include military strategy and generalship. The Greeks had mixed feelings toward Ares: although he embodied the physical valor necessary for success in war, he was a dangerous force. Fear and Terror were yoked to his battle chariot. In the Iliad his father Zeus tells Ares that he is the god most hateful to him. During the Trojan War, Ares was on the losing side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art as holding Nike (Victory) in her hand, favored the triumphant Greeks. The Roman equivalent, Mars, enjoyed a much more dignified position in the public eye. Logical Fallacy: Logical Fallacy: Appeal to Nature Many 'natural' things are also considered 'good', and this can bias our thinking; but naturalness itself doesn't make something good or bad. For instance murder could be seen as very natural, but that doesn't mean it's good or justifiable. You have committed this fallacy if: You argued that because something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or ideal. Example: The medicine man rolled into town on his bandwagon offering various natural remedies, such as very special plain water. He said that it was only natural that people should be wary of 'artificial' medicines such as antibiotics. Appeal to Nature Many 'natural' things are also considered 'good', and this can bias our thinking; but naturalness itself doesn't make something good or bad. For instance murder could be seen as very natural, but that doesn't mean it's good or justifiable. You have committed this fallacy if: You argued that because something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or ideal. Example: The medicine man rolled into town on his bandwagon offering various natural remedies, such as very special plain water. He said that it was only natural that people should be wary of 'artificial' medicines such as antibiotics. Study Guide Study Guide What is an allusion for Athena? What is an allusion for Athena? What is the background of Athena? What is the background of Athena? What is an allusion for Ares? What is an allusion for Ares? What is the background for Ares? What is the background for Ares? Give an example of the Appeal to Nature. Why is it a logical fallacy?: Give an example of the Appeal to Nature. Why is it a logical fallacy?: