Download Cultural Literacy – Week 3

Name: ________________________________________
Cultural Literacy 3
Allusion:
Athena
Ares
Athena, also referred to as Pallas Athena, is the
goddess of wisdom, civilization, warfare, strength,
strategy, female arts, crafts, justice and skill.
Minerva, Athena's Roman incarnation, embodies
similar attributes. Athena is also a shrewd
companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic
endeavor. She is the virgin patron of Athens.
 Athena is the daughter of Zeus; she has no
mother.
 Depending on the myth, her Aegis would have
been her breastplate or shield. It bore the head
of Medusa.
Ares is the Greek god of war. He is one of the
Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. In
Greek literature, he often represents the physical or
violent aspect of war, in contrast to the armored
Athena, whose functions as a goddess of intelligence
include military strategy and generalship. The
Greeks had mixed feelings toward Ares: although he
embodied the physical valor necessary for success
in war, he was a dangerous force.
 Fear and Terror were yoked to his battle chariot.
 In the Iliad his father Zeus tells Ares that he is
the god most hateful to him.
 During the Trojan War, Ares was on the losing
side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art
as holding Nike (Victory) in her hand, favored the
triumphant Greeks.
 The Roman equivalent, Mars, enjoyed a much
more dignified position in the public eye.
Name: ________________________________________
Cultural Literacy 3
Allusion:
Athena
Ares
Athena, also referred to as Pallas Athena, is the
goddess of wisdom, civilization, warfare, strength,
strategy, female arts, crafts, justice and skill.
Minerva, Athena's Roman incarnation, embodies
similar attributes. Athena is also a shrewd
companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic
endeavor. She is the virgin patron of Athens.
 Athena is the daughter of Zeus; she has no
mother.
 Depending on the myth, her Aegis would have
been her breastplate or shield. It bore the head
of Medusa.
Ares is the Greek god of war. He is one of the
Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. In
Greek literature, he often represents the physical or
violent aspect of war, in contrast to the armored
Athena, whose functions as a goddess of intelligence
include military strategy and generalship. The
Greeks had mixed feelings toward Ares: although he
embodied the physical valor necessary for success
in war, he was a dangerous force.
 Fear and Terror were yoked to his battle chariot.
 In the Iliad his father Zeus tells Ares that he is
the god most hateful to him.
 During the Trojan War, Ares was on the losing
side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art
as holding Nike (Victory) in her hand, favored the
triumphant Greeks.
 The Roman equivalent, Mars, enjoyed a much
more dignified position in the public eye.
Logical Fallacy:
Logical Fallacy:
Appeal to Nature
Many 'natural' things are also considered 'good', and this can bias
our thinking; but naturalness itself doesn't make something good or
bad. For instance murder could be seen as very natural, but that
doesn't mean it's good or justifiable.
You have committed this fallacy if: You argued that because
something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or
ideal.
Example: The medicine man rolled into town on his bandwagon
offering various natural remedies, such as very special plain water.
He said that it was only natural that people should be wary of
'artificial' medicines such as antibiotics.
Appeal to Nature
Many 'natural' things are also considered 'good', and this can bias
our thinking; but naturalness itself doesn't make something good or
bad. For instance murder could be seen as very natural, but that
doesn't mean it's good or justifiable.
You have committed this fallacy if: You argued that because
something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or
ideal.
Example: The medicine man rolled into town on his bandwagon
offering various natural remedies, such as very special plain water.
He said that it was only natural that people should be wary of
'artificial' medicines such as antibiotics.
Study Guide
Study Guide
What is an allusion for Athena?
What is an allusion for Athena?
What is the background of Athena?
What is the background of Athena?
What is an allusion for Ares?
What is an allusion for Ares?
What is the background for Ares?
What is the background for Ares?
Give an example of the Appeal to Nature. Why is it a logical
fallacy?:
Give an example of the Appeal to Nature. Why is it a logical
fallacy?: