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**Kingdom Animalia** Zoology Variety in the World of Animals Variety in cell number 1. Protozoic – __________-celled animals 2. Metazoic – __________-celled animals Variety in how energy is obtained 1. ______________ – makes its own food from inorganic sources. Ex: Plants, some bacteria, some protists make their own food using light energy 2. ______________ – cannot make its own food. They obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Ex: Animals, fungi, some protists, some bacteria Variety in symmetry 1. ___________ symmetry – an organism can be cut in half in only one plane and have both sides look alike. Most animals as well as humans have bilateral symmetry. 2. ___________ symmetry – an organism can be cut in half in several ways through the center and the two halves will still be alike. Ex: starfish, sea urchin 3. ___________ – an organism whose shape changes or has such a great variety in its shape that symmetry is not found. Ex: amoeba Phylum (Only genus and species are italicized. The rest are just capitalized.) 1. _______________ (Phylum Chordata; only 3% of all animals) a. have a _______________ (can be bone or cartilage) b. have a distinct head c. have an _______________ d. make up only 3% of all animals e. includes birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians 2. _______________ (make up 32 different phyla) a. lack a backbone b. do not have a cranium c. may have an ___________________ d. over 2 million different species e. includes insects, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, sponges, and worms 1 Vertebrates Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Characteristics of all vertebrates 1. have a _________ _________ with a brain at the anterior end 2. brain is protected by a skull 3. body has a _________________ or notochord for support 4. have an endoskeleton made of bone and/or cartilage 5. have an axial and an appendicular skeleton 6. have ____________ symmetry 7. have complex body systems 7 classes of vertebrates 1. Class Mammalia 2. Class Aves 3. Class Reptilia 4. Class Amphibia 5. Class Osteichthyes 6. Class Chondrichthyes 7. Class Cyclostomata Class Mammalia __________________ Breathe with lungs Have hair and mammary glands ~4000 living species Ex: cats, dogs, rodents, apes, elephants Class Aves _________________ Breathe with lungs Have wings, feathers, and two feet ~ 9000 living species Ex: eagles, robin, penguins, emu 2 Class Reptilia __________________ Breathe with lungs Have dry, scaly skin ~ 6000 living species Ex: snakes, lizards, turtles Class Amphibia _________________ Soft, moist skin Usually breathe with gills in younger stages; most adults breathe with lungs ~ 3000 living species Ex: frogs, salamanders, caecilians Class Osteichthyes _____________________ Aquatic with fins and scales Breathe with gills Skeleton is made partly or wholly from bone ~ 21,000 living species Ex: perch, bass, trout, tuna, sea horse Class Chondrichthyes ____________________ Aquatic with fins and scales Breathe with gills Have skeletons made of cartilage ~ 800 living species Ex: sharks, rays, chimaeras Class Cyclostomata ____________________ Aquatic Have slimy, scaleless bodies Breathe with gills Have skeletons made of cartilage Lack _________ ~ 45 living species Ex: lampreys, hagfish 3 Mammals Class Mammalia All mammals 1. are __________________ 2. have hair 3. have mammary glands 4. breathe air with _____________ 5. have a ________-chambered heart Most mammals 1. have __________ pairs of limbs 2. have 7 neck vertebrae (exception: sloth, manatee) 3. are born ___________ Mammal reproduction Mammals can be divided several different ways depending on how the young are born and how they are ______________ Type of birth 1. Viviparous – bear _______ young and nourish them during development; most mammals are born this way 2. Oviparous – after internal fertilization, _________ are laid and incubated; the platypus and echidna have young this way rd (3 way is not found in mammals, but is found in some reptiles) 3. Ovoviviparous – eggs are fertilized but ______ _________ the mother, after eggs hatch, live young come out Type of nourishment 1. _____________ – developing young are attached to the ___________ in the uterus and are given nutrients from the mother; after birth, the mother continues to nourish the babies with milk produced in mammary glands 2. _______-____________ – developing young receive nutrients from the yolk inside of the egg; after hatching, they receive milk from the mother for their nourishment 3. _____________ – young are born very tiny (premature) and are kept in a __________ until they are old enough to move around on their own; milk is available to them inside the pouch 4 Orders in Class Mammalia 1. Tubilidentata Eat _________; tube-teeth One specie Aaardvark 2. Dermoptera Arboreal _________ mammals 2 species Flying lemur 3. Proboscidea Mammals with ___________ 2 species African elephant, Asian elephant 4. Sirenia ____________ mammals 4 species Manatee, dugong 5. Monotremata ____________ mammals 6 species Platypus, echidna 6. Pholidota Mammals with horny __________ 8 species Pangolin Odd-toed, __________ mammal 16 species Horse, rhinoceros 9. Edentata ______________ or peg-toothed mammals 31 species Armadillo, sloth 10.Lagomorpha Mammals with four upper incisor _____________ 63 species Rabbit, pika 11.Cetacea _____________ mammals 84 species Blue whale, bottlenose dolphin 12.Primata _______-___________ mammals 166 species Gorilla, ring-tailed lemur 13.Artiodactyla Even-toed __________ mammals 171 species Giraffe, cow 7. Hyracoidea Defenseless mammals with ___________ ___________ 11 species Hyrax 14.Marsupialia _____________ mammals 242 species Koala, kangaroo 8. Perissodactyla 15. Carnivora 5 _______-eating mammals 284 species Lion, walrus, bear 16. Insectivora __________-eating mammals 400 species Mole, shrew 17. Chiroptera ___________ mammals 875 species Gray bat, vampire bat 18. Rodentia ___________ mammals 1687 species Beaver, rat, squirrel 6