Download morphology of flowering plants

Representative Sample Biology:
Morphology of Flowering Plants
www.plancessjee.com
7.55
Morphology of Flowering Plants
CHAPTER
7
MORPHOLOGY OF
FLOWERING PLANTS
Topics Discussed
Angiosperms and their Classification
Root, Stem and Leaf
Inflorescence
Flower, Fruit and Seeds
Description of Certain Families
of Angiosperms
www.plancessjee.com
1. Introduction
Morphology of plants is defined as the branch of
science that deals with the physical forms or the
physical structure of plants with respect to their
function.Physical characteristics of the plants
are usually divided into those features that are
generally present (a) below the ground such as
roots and seeds, stems in some cases and (b)
above the ground such as stem, leaves, flowers,
fruits, seeds. The different parts of plant organ are
evolved to perform specific major functions and
generally help the plant to acclimatize and adapt to
its specific environment.
7.56
Morphology of Flowering Plants
2. Objectives
The objectives of this chapter is to learn about the morphological characteristics of flowering plant, study
their classification and specific examples with relation to their functions.
3. Angiosperms
Angiosperms are seed, fruit as well as flower-bearing plants which are the epitome of evolution in the
plant kingdom. All of them show sporophytic (possessing multiple cells and have atleast two sets of
chromosomes), phanerogramic (possessing distinct reproductive organs) and spermatophytic (seed
generation and enclosed in fleshy organs). 4. Classification of Angiosperms
Angiosperms are classified into various types based on the following criteria
4.1 Based on Cotyledon Number
Angiosperms are classified into
1.Monocotyledons (Monocots) when they possess a single cotyledon. Eg: Rye (Lolium perenne),
Wheat (Triticum aestivum). These are the most evolved.
2. Dicotyledons (Dicots). Eg: Rose (Rosa multiflora), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
4.2 Based on Habitat
The environment that a plant adapts and conquers for its survival
is known as its habitat. Thus, plants are classified as
1. Land conquerors (Terrestrial environment). Eg: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Mango
(Mangifera indica).
2.Water conquerors (Water environment). Eg: Water Lily (Nymphaea alba), Mangrove
(Nypa fruticans).
4.3 Based on Life Cycle Duration
Plants can also be classified based on the duration required by them to complete their entire life cycle are
produced distinct types as listed in the table.
www.plancessjee.com
7.57
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Class
Duration of life cycle
Examples
Bloodwort (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Ephemeral
4-6 weeks
Annual
One season (6-12 months)
Rice (Oryza sativa)
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Biennial
Two seasons (24 months)
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
Perennial
Several seasons (>2 years)
Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
Apple (Malus domestica)
Did You Know?
Plants are classified as
?
Monocarpic when they flower and produce fruit only once in their life cycle. This category
includes all annual, biennial and even certain perennial plants. Eg: Barley (Hordeum
vulgare), Pineapple (Ananas comosus).
Polycarpic when they generate flowers and fruits every season after they have attained
full maturity. Eg: Orange (Citrus maxima), Mango (Mangifera indica).
4.4 Based on nutrition
All plants with a few exception are Autotrophic/Photosynthetic in nature wherein they synthesize organic
sugar such as glucose to be used as a source of food using solar energy and carbon dioxide. However,
there are certain plants, known as Heterotrophs which are slightly or completely dependent on other sources
of energy and nutrition.
www.plancessjee.com
7.58
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Knowledge Builder
Heterotrophs further subdivided into
(a) Parasitic plants are those that derive complete nutrition (Holoparasite) or some nutrition,
namely water and/or minerals (Hemiparasite) from other living plants which act as their
hosts.
Holoparasites include the Giant Dodder (Cuscuta europaea), Branched Broomrape
(Orobanche ramosa).
Certain examples of Hemiparasites include Yellow Rattle (Rhinanthus minor), Christmas
tree (Nuytsia floribunda).
(b) Insectivorous/Carnivorous plants are plants which derive their nutritional requirements
from trapping and ingesting small organisms such as arthropods, insects and protozoans.
Surprisingly, they are all photosynthetic which indicates that they only depend on predation
for nutrients while producing energy through photosynthesis. Eg: Pitcher plants (Nepenthes
khasiana), Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), Common Bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris).
(c) Saprophytic plants are those group of plants that use decaying organic matter as their
chief source of nutrition and energy due to their non-green appearance which indicates their
lack of photosynthesis. Eg: Indian-pipe (Hypopitys uniflora), Sugar stick (Allotropa virgata),
Pine drops (Pterospora andromedia).
Try It Yourself
1.
________________ are the most evolved plants.
2. Plants classified into _____________ classes based on their life cycle nutrition.
3. Holoparasites are completely dependent on other plants for nutrition. True/False.
4. Mangrove is an example of ___________________________.
5. Polycarpic plants are the plants which generate flowers and fruits only once in their life
cycle. True/False.
www.plancessjee.com
Morphology of Flowering Plants
7.59
5. Root
Plant roots are the structures which are usually seen below the soil (though some are aerial), are non
photosynthetic, non nodal and shows positively geotropic (branching down, away from the ground level),
positively hydrotropic (moving towards presence of water), negatively phototropic (moving away from
direction of light) characteristics.
5.1 Parts of Roots
Plant roots are composed of two types of tissues, namely primary tissues and secondary tissues. Many
annual plants (live for one year) have only primary tissues in their roots while plants that live more than one
year (biennials, perennials) have secondary tissues in their roots in addition to primary tissues.
5.2 Types of Roots
1. Tap roots – The main requirement for the primary root formation is the direct elongation of the radical.
This type of root is seen in nearly all dicot plants. From the primary roots, lateral roots branch out and are
referred to as secondary roots or tertiary roots. Thus, the tap root system is made up of these primary roots
and its branches. Eg: Dicot plants such as Rose (Rosa multiflora), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Mustard
(Brassica juncea) etc.
2. Adventitious roots/Fibrous roots – The fibrous roots system, seen in all monocots and due to its short life
span, consists of huge number of roots replacing the primary roots. These roots erupt from the stem base
and not from radical elongation. Infact, these roots are the opposite of the tap root system. Eg: Monocot
plants such as Garlic (Allivum sativum), Rye (Lolium perenne), Wheat (Triticum aestivum) etc.
Functions of the root system: Water and minerals absorption, supporting plant parts through proper
anchorage, reserve food material storage, fixation and assimilation of nitrogen and plant growth regulators
(PGR)/hormone production.
5.3 Modified Roots
Root are modified in shape to perform functions, other than their main function.
(i) Modified Tap Root System
1. Tap root system modified for food storage
a.. F usiform/Spindle roots – They are thicker in the middle and tapering at the top and bottom forming a
spindle. Eg: Radish (Raphanus sativus).
b. C
onical roots – The upper side appears thicker while the basal end is tapered similar to an ice cream
cone structure. Eg: Carrot (Daucus carota).
c. T uberous roots – No particular shape and any portion of the roots becomes swollen & fleshy. Eg: Four
O’ Clock plant (Mirabilis jalapa).
www.plancessjee.com
7.60
Morphology of Flowering Plants
A
B
C
Types of Roots: A. Taproot; B. Fibrous root and C. Adventitious root
a. Napiform roots – Shows swollen and spherical appearance at the upper end while tapering (like a
thread) at the lower end so that the overall appearance looks like a round top. Eg: Turnip (Brassica
rapa), Sugarbeet/Beet root (Beta vulgaris).
B
A
C
Modification of tap root A. Conical root of carrot; B. Napiform root of turnip and C. Fusiform root of radish
www.plancessjee.com
7.61
Morphology of Flowering Plants
2. Nodulated roots for symbiotic association
Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium, Azorhizobium, and Methylbacterium) form structures called ‘nodules’
on primary and secondary root branches. These nodules are rich in nitrogenase and help in fixation of
nitrogen from the air. This kind of relationship between a bacteria and plant, which benefits both is known
as ‘symbiotic relationship’. Eg: Members of the Leguminosae family – Soybeans (Glycine max), Pea (Pisum
sativum), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
Nodulated roots of Pea
3. Tap root modified for respiration
Plants which thrive in the marshy/swampy areas show root adaptation wherein some branches of tap root
start, instead of expanding horizontally into the ground, starts growing vertically due to low levels of oxygen,
thus showing negative geotropism. Air enters within the plant through minute pores called pneumathodes/
lenticels and the plant respires through these pores. These roots are known as pneumatophores. Eg: Red
Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), Sunder plants (Heritiera fomes).
A
B
A. Main Mangrove plant with emerging pneumatophores (respiratory roots); B. Enlarged pneumatophore
www.plancessjee.com
7.62
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Knowledge Builder
1. Reproductive roots
Adventitious buds are formed on some tap roots to aid in vegetative propagation.
Eg: Indian Rosewood tree (Delbergia sissoo), Poplar (Populus tremula).
2. Buttress/Stilt roots
Horizontally-aligned roots, running parallel to the ground surface so that the main parent tree
gets extra support to prevent it from falling and also to search for nutrients in the surrounding.
Eg: Rubber tree (Ficus elastic), Peepal (Ficus religosa).
3. Mycorrhizal roots
Symbiotic association between roots of certain higher plants and fungus.This results in
exchange of carbohydrate and water from the plant to the fungus while also helping the tree
colonize less habitual environments. Eg: Pine tree (Pinus contorta), Birch (Betula alnoides).
(ii) Modified Adventitious Root System:
1. Fleshy roots acting as food storage
a. Nodulose roots – Root tips appear thick and swollen throughout. Eg: Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada),
Sweet-clover (Melilotus indicus).
b. Fasciculated roots – Formed as clusters of adventitious roots originating from the lowermost stem node
and showing thick, swollen appearance. Eg: Asparagus officinalis, Dahlia pinnata.
c. Beaded/Moniliform roots – Swelling of roots in the shape of beads. Eg: Bitter gourd (Momordica
charantia), Nine O’ Clock plant (Portulaca grandiflora).
d.Tuberous/Tubercular roots – The shape of these roots is swollen and does not have any particular
shape due to food accumulation and storage. Eg: Tapioca/Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Sweet potato
(Ipomoea batatas).
e. Annulated roots – These roots are shaped like a series of rings/discs placed in a stack. Eg: Cephalis
ipecacuana.
f. Palmate roots – Swollen roots arranged to form the shape of human hand. Eg: Orchid
(Orchis militaris).
www.plancessjee.com
7.63
Morphology of Flowering Plants
A
B
C
Modification of adventitious roots A. Tuberous roots of sweet potato; B. Fasciculated roots of Dahlia;
C. Nodulose roots of Mango ginger
A
B
Modification of adventitious roots A. Moniliform roots of Momordica; B. Annulated roots of Ipecac
www.plancessjee.com
7.64
Morphology of Flowering Plants
2. Stilt/Brace roots – Shaped like spiral whorls, these roots emerge from the lower stem node and then
grow obliquely like thin wires till they reach the ground. These roots mainly provide support but do
not absorb water. Eg: Maize (Zea mays), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Screwpine (Pandanus
amaryllifolius).
A
B
Modification of adventitious roots: A. Stilt roots of sugarcane; B. Screw pine
3. Columnar/Prop/Pillar roots – These roots originate from the plant branches and appear like they are hanging
from the branches and positive geotropism since they move towards the ground. Providing support to the
tree and water absorption from the environment are its function. Eg: Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis).
Modification of adventitious roots: Prop roots of banyan
www.plancessjee.com
Morphology of Flowering Plants
7.65
4. Clinging/Climbing roots – Usually these roots originate from the base of the stem and serve as
anchorage support for plants with weak foundation and few or no branches. These roots helps these
plants to colonize wall fissures or sticks placed vertically in the fields. Eg: Money plant (Epipremnum
aureum), Betel (Piper betel), Black pepper (Piper nignum).
Modification of adventitious roots: Climbing root of Piper
5. Assimilatory/Photosynthetic roots – Certain roots are capable of photosynthesis and are green in color.
Eg: Guduchi (Tinospora cardifolia), Orchid (Taeniophyllum), Water chestnut/Singhara (Trapa natans).
Modification of adventitious roots: Assimilatory roots of Singhara
www.plancessjee.com
7.66
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Did You Know?
1. Foliar/Epiphyllous roots – On injury some plants can generate roots from leaves.
Eg: Devil’s backbone (Bryophyllum daigremontianum), Hardy begonia (Begonia
grandis).
2. Parasitic/Sucking/Haustorial roots – Similar to climbing roots, these roots also
originate from the stem but derive nutrition and water from the host plant they
invade. Eg: Alfalfa Dodder (Cuscuta approximate), Mistletoe (Viscum album).
3. Epiphytic roots - Highly hygroscopic roots that are mostly aerial (above ground soil) and
absorbs moisture from the environment through spongy tissue known as velamen. These
roots also are photosynthetic and lack root hairs and without root cap. Eg: Vandaka
(Vanda roxburgii), Pink Rock Orchid (Dendrobium kingianum).
?
Modification of adventitious roots: Epiphytic roots of Vanda (Orchid)
4. Floating roots - These roots helps in the plant buoyancy by keeping the plant floating
on the water surface. Thus, the plant does not submerge and also respires using the
stored air within the roots. Eg: Water-primrose (Ludwigia hexapetala).
Modification of adventitious roots: Floating roots
www.plancessjee.com
Morphology of Flowering Plants
7.67
5. Root thorns – Roots modified in the shape of thorns and/or spikes. Eg: Walking
palm (Socratea exorrhiza).
?
6. Contractile roots – Abundant in the amount of glucose, these swollen roots aids
the plant in reaching its correct depth. Eg: Bulb of Garden Hyacinth (Hyacinthus
orientalis).
7. Leaf roots – In order to ensure they stay afloat on water, leaves of certain particular
water plants which originate at the stem node are modified to form root bunches.
Eg: Walking palm (Salvinia molesta).
8. Reproductive roots - Adventitious buds are formed on some adventitious roots to
aid in vegetative propagation. Eg: Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas).
Try It Yourself
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Roots are negatively are negatively geotropic. True/False
Name the two types of roots.
Carrots are example of modified roots known as _________________________.
Respiratory tap root system are called ___________________________.
Betel is an example of climbing roots. True/False.
6. Stem
Stem is defined as the rising, shaped-like a cylinder extensions that is formed from the plumule of a
germinating seed’s embryo. Stems are always demonstrates shows negatively geotropic (moving up, not
reaching the ground), negatively hydrotropic (moving away from water), positively phototropic (moving in the
direction of light), attributes which are almost the opposite of roots. A large number of nodes are present on
the stem which serve as the origin and support of the other plant organs such as leaves, flowers, buds, fruits
as well as seeds while the internodes is the area between two successive nodes. Stem being an extension
of the nodal cells are thus exogenous in nature.
The chief function of the stem is to ensure that the area possessing the other plant parts such as leaves,
flowers and fruits are arranged to ensure their proper functioning. Other functions include transport and
conductance of minerals, salts, water and food namely sugar produced through photosynthesis. Some
stems are also responsible for food storage, vegetative propagation, plant support and protection.
6.1 Buds
Young, embryonic shoots which are immature, dormant and condensed are known as buds. Located at the
stem node, buds are capable of forming flowers or shoots and are generally shielded by a mass of leaves.
www.plancessjee.com
7.68
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Classification of Buds
Buds are classified based on the following parameters
1. Based on morphology
Buds are classified on the basis of the shape or structure into
a. Naked buds – Embryonic parts are unprotected.
b. Covered/Perulate/Scaly buds – Embryonic parts protected by scales.
c. Hairy buds – Hairs protect the embryonic parts.
2. Based on location
On the basis of location, buds are classified into
a. Terminal/Apical buds – Originating at the stem tip or branch tip.
b. Axillary/Lateral buds – Buds which are located axillary (location not at the apical position) and
positioned in the leaf’s axil.
c. Adventitious buds – Buds formed at all the other parts such as roots or tree trunks. They are of the
following types
i. Radical buds – Generated on roots. Eg: Sweet potato.
ii. Foliar buds – Generated on leaves. Eg: Genus Bryophyllum, Begonia.
iii. Cauline buds – Generated on stem. Eg: Jackfruit.
A
B
C
D
Adventitious buds: A. Radical buds of sweet potato; B. Foliar buds of Bryophyllum; C. Foliar buds of Begonia;
D. Bulbil of Dioscorea.
www.plancessjee.com
Morphology of Flowering Plants
7.69
3. Based on function
Buds are classified on the basis of function into
a. Reproductive/Flower buds – Produces embryonic shoots with flower.
b. Vegetative buds – Produces shoots with leaves.
c. Mixed buds – Generates both shoots with leaves and flowers.
4. Based on status
On the basis of status, buds are classified into
a. Dormant/Latent buds – Delayed, slow or no growth of bud.
b. Resting buds – Buds generated when the growth season ends but remains latent till the onset of the
new growing season.
c. Accessory buds – Secondary buds generated despite the presence of main bud.
d. Pseudoterminal buds – Buds which are located axillary select and take up the terminal buds function.
Chart showing Classification of Buds by Location; by Status; by Morphology; by Function.
www.plancessjee.com
7.70
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Did You Know?
Modified Buds
?
1. The largest apical bud in existence is Cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Cabbage acts
as a food storehouse and due to its leafy nature is classified as a vegetative bud.
Other examples include Lettuce (Lactuca sativa).
2. Swollen vegetative buds with leafy bases participating in vegetative propagation,
while also simultaneously storing food are known as Bulbils. Eg: Garlic (Allium
sativum), Tulip (Tulipa suaveolens), Small Bulbous-rooted Iris (Iris xiphsium).
3. Specialized food storage buds generated by aquatic plants so that they can survive
during the less favorable winter season are termed as Turions. Eg: Common
Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris).
4. Buds modified in the shape of tendrils. Eg: Gourd (Cucurbita maxima) and thorns
Eg: Golden drewdrop (Duranta erecta).
6.2 Branching of Stem
Branches are positioned on the stem in specific pattern and this order is known as branching.
Branching of stem is of two types:
1.Dichotomous – Dual similar branches appearing in a ‘fork-like’ pattern. Eg: Palm (Hyphaene dichotoma).
2.Lateral – Branching occurring from the axillary buds and stem sides rather than the apical bud which
stays dormant. Lateral branching are further divided into the following two types.
a. Racemose/Monopodial/Indefinite Branching – Continuous, aggressive growth of the apical bud far
outweighs the growth of lateral branches and these lateral branches are positioned in acropetal
succession i.e. the branches are arranged in an age-based hierarchy where the relatively older
branches are located at the bottom with the younger branches positioned at the top forming a
pyramid or conical shape. Eg: Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia), False Ashoka (Polyalthia
longifolia).
b. Cymose/Sympodial/Definite Branching – Finite growth of the apical bud leads to the axillary
branches growing more actively and forming many branches leading to an inverted bell or domelike shape. Cymose branching is further subdivided into three subtypes.
i. Uniparous/Monochasial Cyme – At one time, a single lateral branch from the axillary bud is
produced. The successive branches are either arranged in the form of a helix on the same one
side of the plant i.e. helicoid, Eg: Ashoka (Saraca asoca) or positioned on the plants alternate
sided to form a zig-zag like pattern i.e. scorpioid, Eg: Common grape vine (Vitis vinifera). The
apical bud is modified to form a flower/thorn structure.
www.plancessjee.com
Morphology of Flowering Plants
7.71
i. Biparous/Dichasial Cyme – At one time, two axillary/lateral branches are produced. Eg: Four
O’ Clock plant (Mirabilis jalapa), Moonflower (Datura inoxia).
ii. Multiparous/Polychasial Cyme – Multiple (>2) axillary/lateral branches are produced. Eg:
Jungle tulsi (Croton bonplandianum), Sun spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia).
Summarizing Chart
6.3 Stem Forms
1. Erect stem (Strong stem) – Relative stable, physical stem.
a. The thick stem completely free/devoid of branches is known as Caudex. Eg: Nettlespurge (Jatropha
cathartica).
b. Caudex in which the location and arrangement of both nodes and internodes is prominently seen
is known as Culm. Eg: Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris).
c. Oval, shaped-like a disc stem is called Reduced. Eg: Turnip (Brassica rapa), Radish (Raphanus
sativus)
d. Stem branched at many positions is known as Deliquescent. Eg: Neem (Azadirachta indica),
Mango (Mangifera indica)
e. When the shape of the tree resembles a cone, it is termed as Excurrent. Eg: Red Pine
(Pinus resinosa).
2. Weak stem – Fragile stems requiring support for their propagation.
Three types of weak stems
i. Trailing stem – Fragile stem that advances over a wide-area of the ground surface but the nodes lack
rooting and thus are not reproductive. Eg: Prostrate Sandmat (Euphorbia prostrata).
www.plancessjee.com
(contd.)
7.72
Morphology of Flowering Plants
EXERCISE
Objective Questions
Q.1 Radish is an example of –
A. Fusiform root
C. Conical root
B. Napiform root
D. Tuberous root
Q.2Roots associated with nitrogen fixing bacteria are –
A. Fusiform root
C. Nodulated root
B. Napiform root
D. Conical root
Q.3The edible part of turnip is –
A. Modified adventitious roots
B. Modified tap root
C. StemD. Underground stem
Q.4Which is a modification of root that does not store food?
A. Napiform root
C. Tuberous root
B. Fusiform root
D. Stilt root
Q.5Shoot/Stem develops from –
A. PlumuleB. Radical
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
Q.6Lateral branches of stem are - A. Endogenous in origin
C. Both
[CPMT-1979]
B. Exogenous in origin
D. None of the above
Q.7Which is an example of offset?
A. Cynodon dactylonB. Eichornia
C. FragariaD. Mentha
Q.8Rhizome of ginger is a modification of stem because –
A. It bears adventitious roots
C. It is underground
www.plancessjee.com
B. It bears nodes and internodes
D. It stores food material
(contd.)
7.73
Morphology of Flowering Plants
EXERCISE
Subjective Questions
Q.1 Roots obtain oxygen from air in the soil for respiration. In the absence or deficiency of O2, root growth
is restricted or completely stopped. How do the plants growing in marshlands or swamps obtain their O2
required for root respiration?
Solution: Plants like Rhizophora, which grow in marshy or swamps area bear pneumatophores or
respiratory roots. These roots come out of soil, grow vertically and bear respiratory pores (pneumathodes)
for respiration.
Q.2 Write floral formula for a flower which is bisexual; actinomorphic; sepals five, twisted aestivation,
petals five; valvate aestivation; stamens six; ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, superior, trilocular with
axile placentation.
Solution: † K(5)C5 A 4 G(3)
Q.3 In Opuntia the stem is modified into a flattened green structure to perform the function of leaves (i.e.,
photosynthesis). Cite some other examples of modifications of plant parts for the purpose of photosynthesis.
Solution: Phylloclades of Meuhlebechia and Euphorbia royleana; cladode of Asparagus.
Q.4 In swampy areas like Sunderbans in West Bengal, plants bear special kind of roots called…..
Solution: Pneumatophores
Q.5 In aquatic plants like Pistia and Eichhornia, the roots are found near…..
Solution: Water surface
Q.6 Reticulate and parallel venation are characteristic of ….. and ….. respectively.
Solution: Discotyledonous plants, monocotyledonous plants.
Q 7: Which parts of ginger and onion are edible?
Solution: In ginger, edible part is underground stem. In onion, edible part is fleshly scales.
www.plancessjee.com
(contd.)
7.74
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Previous Years Questions
Q.1 In which of the following family, bacteria fix nitrogen in soil by symbiosis
A. Leguminosae C. Malvaceae [RPMT 2007]
B. Solanaceae
D. Cruciferae
Q.2In which family, oblique ovary is found [RPMT 2007]
Q.3What type of placentation is seen ins sweet pea? [AIPMT 2006]
A. Solanaceae C. Compositae B. Liliaceae
D. Cruciferae
A. Basal B. Axile
C. Free central
D. Marginal
Q.4 Pentamerous, actinomorphic flowers, bicarpellary ovary with oblique septa, and fruit a capsule or berry,
are characteristic features of [AIPMT 2006]
A. Asteraceae C. Solanaceae B. Brassicaceae
D. Liliaceae
Q.5 Replum is present in the ovary of flower of [AIPMT 2008]
A.
SunflowerB. Pea
C.
Lemon D. Mustard
Q.6Dry indehiscent single-seeded fruit formed from bicarpellary syncarpous inferior ovary is
[AIPMT 2008]
A. Berry B. Cremocarp
C. Caryopsis D. Cypsela
Q.7 The floral formula is that of ⊕ ⚥ K(5)

C
(5) A
5
G(2)[AIPMT 2009]
A. Tobacco B. Tulip
C. Soybean D. Sunn hemp
www.plancessjee.com
(contd.)
7.75
Morphology of Flowering Plants
ANSWER KEY
Objective Questions
Q.1 A
Q.7 B
Q.13 C
Q.19 B
Q.25 A
Q.31 A
Q.2 C
Q.8 B
Q.14 D
Q.20 B
Q.26 D
Q.32 C
Q.3 B
Q.9 D
Q.15 B
Q.21 A
Q.27 C
Q.33 A
Q.4 D
Q.10 C
Q.16 C
Q.22 B
Q.28 A
Q.34 C
Q.5 A
Q.11 D
Q.17 B
Q.23 B
Q.29 C
Q.35 C
Q.6 B
Q.12 A
Q.18 D
Q.24 B
Q.30 C
Q.36 C
Q.4 C
Q.5 D
Q.6 D
Previous Years Questions
Q.1 A
Q.7 A
Q.2 A
Q.8 B
www.plancessjee.com
Q.3 D
(contd.)