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Matter: Building Blocks of Universe Packet #2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter Highlights A. Highlights for Section 1 pages 83-90 Related indirect evidence to the steps involved in the developments of a model of an atom o 2400 years ago scientists did not have technology for direct evidence o Scientists used indirect evidence about an object without seeing or touching the object Describe the changes of the Atomic Model o Greek Model (Democritus) Smallest – atom - cannot be subdivided o Dalton Model (Dalton) Elements made of atoms – atoms invisible Atoms of same element alike Compounds formed by atoms o Thomson Model (Thomson) Positive and Negative charges o Rutherford Model (Rutherford Positive particles in nucleus Negative particles outside of nucleus o Bohr Model (Bohr) Negative particles – electrons – orbits o Wave Model (Present Day) Wave mechanics Smallest “+” Nucleus make atom neutral Larger “-” Obits G. Highlights for Section 2 pages 92-99 Classify three main subatomic particles o Proton In nucleus Positive charge 1 AMU o Neutron In nucleus No charge less than 1 AMU-smaller than proton o Electrons In orbit around nucleus Negative charge No mass (AMU) or very little Explain the structure o Atomic number=number of protons o Mass number=sum of protons & neutrons o Isotopes=difference between number of neutrons to protons o Electron clouds=space around nucleus contains electrons – has energy levels o Quarks=splitting of subatomic particles M. Highlights for Section 3 pages 99-101 Identify four forces associated with atomic structure o Electromagnetic Attract: Opposite charges attract, same charges repel Keeps electrons in orbit o Strong Opposes electromagnetic force or repulsion between protons – glues protons together o Weak Responsible for radioactive decay o Gravity Weakest force