Download Chapter 6 - Fayetteville State University

Fayetteville State University
College of Basic and Applied Sciences
Department of Natural Sciences
I.
LOCATOR INFORMATION
Semester: Spring
Fall
Summer
Instructor: Dr. James E. Raynor, Jr.
Course: Principles of Biology (BIOL150-01)
Office Location: LS 232
Semester Credit Hours: 4
Office Hours:
Lecture:
Tues. & Thurs., 11:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Mon: 12-1:30 p.m. (SI), 1:30-3
Laboratory: Wed 8:00 a.m.-10:00 a.m.
Tues: 12:30 - 2:00 p.m.
Wed: 12-2 p.m.
Thurs:12:30 -2:00 p.m.
Fri: 12:00-2:00 p.m. (BAO)
Sat: 11:30 a.m-1:00 p.m.
.
Office Phone: 672-1023
II.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Principles of Biology (BIOL150) is a course designed to acquaint biology majors and
prospective biology majors with the science of life. The course aims to equip students with the
facts and skills necessary to make informed decisions in today’s scientifically complex
environment. Some of the important areas, which will be investigated by the student, are:
molecules and compounds, cell transport, cell energetics, and cellular respiration. This course
provides students with “hands-on” experience in the techniques and methods used to gain
information and solve problems. Students will become familiarized and knowledgeable of
technical procedures and instruments commonly used in the study of science. Students will
also be provided with first hand experience in observing organisms, and understanding life
processes and principles. Minimal background in chemistry is required for this course.
III.
TEXTBOOK AND LABORATORY MANUAL
RAVEN, Peter, and Johnson (1996) Biology. 4th Edition Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Vodopich and Randall Moore. (1996) Biology Laboratory Manuel 4th Edition. Wm. C. Brown
Publishers.
IV.
SPECIFIC COURSE OBJECTIVES
The student who successfully masters this course will be able to:
1. Summarize classical and historical events that resulted in the development of Biology
2. Exhibit an understanding of the basic organization of cell structures and the cell theory.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of the basic features of organic molecules.
4. Exhibit an understanding of how genetic information is stored, utilized and
controlled in DNA synthesis and in protein synthesis.
5. Explain structure and organization of the genome.
6. Explain the consensus plasma membrane structure.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of mitochondrial structure, respiration and electron
transport system.
8. Describe chloroplast bioenergetics.
10. Describe mitosis and meiosis
11. Communicate an understanding of the principles of biology through well organized,
concisely written presentations and discussions.
12. Discuss modern techniques used in biology.
I.
BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES
Chapter 1&7: Ten Themes in the Study of Life & Cell Structure and Function(1.4,
1.2, 3.3, 6.4) [3.0]
Biology, Scientific Method (OHEC), deductive and inductive reasoning, hierarchical
organization of living things, Cell Theory, Robert Hooke, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek,
Cell Theory, biogenesis, spontaneous generation, prokaryotes, eukaryotes,
archaebacteria, peptidoglycan, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, Endosymbiotic Theory,
multicellularity, Kingdom Archaea, Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom
Fungi, Kingdom Plantae. Kingdom Animalia, Cell membrane, nucleoid, nucleus,
cytoplasm, Cell Theory, cell wall, gram-positive and -negative bacteria, flagella,
organelles, nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, Golgi complex, mitochondrion,
ribosomes, lysosomes, nucleolus, microvilli, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum,
centrioles, chloroplast, vacuole, microtubules, microfilaments, peroxisome,
tonoplast, chromatin, plasmodesmata, vesicles, microbodies, signal hypothesis.
Chapter 2&3: The Chemical Content of Life &Water and the Fitness of the
Environment
Matter, atoms/electrons/protons/neutrons, atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes,
radioactivity, half-life (t½), oxidation/reduction, periodic table, valence electrons,
octet rule, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, factors which influence chemical reactions,
characteristics of water, non polar and polar molecules, hydrogen bonds, pH,
buffers, acid, base.
Chapter 4 &5: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life & The Structure and
Function of Macromolecules
Macromolecules, organic molecules, functional groups, polymers, monomers,
dehydration synthesis, anabolic reactions vs. catabolic reactions, carbohydrates,
monosaccharides/ disaccharides/polysaccharides, glycogen/starch/cellulose,
lipids, triglycerides, saturated/ unsaturated/polyunsaturated fats, proteins, globular
vs. fibrous proteins, amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide, four levels of protein
structure, denaturation, nucleic acids, DNA vs. RNA, nucleotides, purines vs.
pyrimidines, phosphodiester bonds.
Chapter 6: An Introduction to Metabolism
Bioenergetics, metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, energy, kinetic and potential
energy, thermodynamics, kilocalorie, oxidation, reduction, redox, cell respiration,
Laws of Thermodynamics, entropy, free energy, enthalpy, exergonic, endergonic,
activation energy, catalyst, enzymes, active sites, optimum conditions,
noncompetitive and competitive inhibitors, allosteric site, activators, cofactors and
coenzymes, ATP.
Chapter 8: Membrane Structure and Function
Plasma membrane or plasmalemma, phospholipids, spectrins, phospholipid
structure, structure of plasma membrane, glycocalyx, diffusion, osmosis,
hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic, isoosmotic, hydrostatic pressure, phagocytosis,
endocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, sodium-potassium pump/ATPase, chemiosmosis.
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
Autotrophs vs. heterotrophs, digestion, catabolism, oxidative respiration vs.
fermentation, coenzymes NAD+ and FAD, substrate-level phosphorylation,
glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, chemiosmosis.
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
Photons, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, chloroplast, chlorophyll, photosystems I
and II, stroma, stoma, thylakoid, grana.
Chapter 12:The Cell Cycle
Binary fission, mitosis, chromatin, nucleosome, heterochromatin, euchromatin,
sister chromatids, diploid, haploid, The Cell Cycle, spindle fibers, aster, cytokines,
cleavage furow, cell plate, mitosis promoting factor, platelet-derived growth factor
(PGDF), protooncogenes.
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life
Gametes, somatic, zygote, fertilization, sexual reproduction, synapsis,
synaptonemal complex, chiasmata.
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Segregating, true-breeding, self- and cross-fertilization, first filial (F1), dominant,
recessive, second filial (F2), genotype vs. phenotype, Punett square, monohybrid
and dihybrid crosses, test cross, Law of Segregation, ABO blood groups, X and Y
chromosomes, genetic diseases.
Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Define the structure and function of the nucleus, nuclear pore complex (NPC),
organization of Genetic material, DNA replication: Unwinding, priming and
polymerization, unidirectional fork movement, enzyme and factors of DNA
replication, priming enzymes.
Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein
Define the structure and function of RNA, transcription, RNA polymerase,
promoter, operon, transcription and processing of RNAs, Regulation of gene
expression.
I.
EVALUATION AND GRADING CRITERIA
Four (4) one-hour exams will be given and considered for the final grade. The
lowest of the four exams may be replaced with the next to the highest exam score.
Students are expected to take all exams on the scheduled dates because excused
absences do not excuse you from exams. If an exam is missed, the next to the
highest exam score will be substituted. Reminder: UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE
WILL ANY STUDENT BE ALLOWED TO MAKE UP QUIZZES OR EXAMS !!!!!
Quizzes should be expected at least once a week (generally every Thursday).
Final grades will be derived from a composite number of points earned during the
course for the following activities:
GRADING CRITERIA
Four exams @ 100 pts. each
Ten quizzes* @ 20 pts each
10 Lab Reports @ 15 pts each
1 Lab Exams @ 100 pts
Final Exam @ 150 pts
POINTS
=
400
=
200
=
150
=
100
=
150
1000 pts
*One quiz grade must be a completed application for summer internship or science
enrichment program.
Optional Extra Credit:
Modules and Problem Sets
Professional Development Activities
0-40 pts
0-70 pts
The instructor reserves the right to modify the grading criteria as deemed necessary.
Students will be notified of any such changes.
TOTAL EARNED POINTS AND GRADE EQUIVALENCIES:
920+
830 - 919
730 - 829
640 - 729
639 and below
=
=
=
=
=
A
B
C
D
F
This point system is based on the grading scale outlined in the FSU 03-04 catalog:
92-100 = A; 83-91 = B; 73-82 = C; 64-72 = D; 63 or less = F
Class Attendance:
Although attendance and punctuality are not normally used in the
calculation of the grade (see course requirements), there appears to be as direct
correlation between these variables and final grades. Students who attend all
classes, are punctual, and sit near the front of the room where they can hear and
see better, tend to attain higher achievement than their peers. In this regard the
more you can become actively involved in the class (study with classmates,
participates in class discussions, and ask questions, the better you should do in
the course.
Class Behavior:
CELL PHONES AND PAGERS HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY
PROBLEMATIC IN THE CLASSROOM DUE TO THEIR UNTIMELY
DISTRACTIONS. DURING CLASS TIME, THESE EQUIPMENTS SHOULD BE
TURN OFF OR ON SILENCED. IF A STUDENT’S CELL PHONE OR PAGER
SOUNDS DURING CLASS, THE STUDENT WILL RECEIVE A FIRST WARNING,
AND MUST LEAVE THE CLASS FOR THAT PERIOD. ON THE SECOND
OFFENSE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ASKED TO LEAVE AND NOT BE
ALLOWED TO RETURN TO CLASS FOR THE DURATION OF THE SEMESTER.
THERE WILL BE NO EXCEPTIONS!!!!
Exam questions:
The majority of exam questions will be objective and require good reasoning skills.
These will be in the forms of multiple choice or short answer questions. Other
questions, including essay, will require higher levels of skill involving the use of
interpretation, synthesis, and assessment of information.
ATTENDANCE POLICY
Students are required to read the University attendance policy very carefully. It will
be enforced in all classes as follows.
You will be dropped from the course with a grade own” if you miss 10% of the
contact hours for this class (6 class periods) * there is a good chance that the
instructor may not drop you as we approach th e deadline for withdrawal, therefore,
it is the students responsibility to obtain a withdrawal slip and withdraw if he/she
does not want an earned grade!
Students amy submit ,under extraordinary circumstances, a documented and valid
written justification to the instructor for any absence exceeding the above limit.
You will be dropped if you miss two consecutive classes without giving prior
notification to the instructor. (Classes meeting two different days)
Three tardiness or early departures will count as one absence this policy only
applies through the eleventh week of classes after that you can not withdraw
without receiving your earned grade.
TUTORIAL SESSION
Students who are earning less than a “C” average will be encouraged to
attend tutorial sessions provided free in the department of natural sciences.
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT ( Writing-across-the-curriculum)
In order to emphasize the important of writing in the learning process this
course will require the student to do a certain amount of written work. You will
receive more information concerning this aspect of the course from your instructor
the first week of classes.
VIII. REFERENCES AND WEBSITES:
All general biology students are encouraged to use the library and to do
supplemental reading in the biological sciences. The following science periodicals
provide a source of current information in a format appropriate for both the major
and non major biology student.
1.Discover
3. Science Digest
5. Scientific American
2. Science
4. Science News
6. Nature
7. Natural History
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http://www.geocities.com/siliconValley/5504/biochem.html
http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/path/00001450.htm
Activity
Exams
(4 x 100)
Quizzes
(10 x 20)
Modules
(4 x 5)
Problem
Sets
(4 x 5)
Labs
(10 x 15)
Lab final
(1 x 100)
Lec Final
(1 x 150)
#1
#2
#3
GRADE MANAGEMENT SHEET
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
Total
Extra
Credit
LABORATORY TOPICS AND SCHEDULE
Weeks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Topics
Appendix A: Metric System
Scientific Method
The Microscope
Biologically Important Molecules
The Cell
Diffusion and Osmosis
Appendix B: Spectrophotometry
Cellular Membranes
Enzymes
10
11
Photosynthesis
Mitosis & Meiosis
12
13
Molecular Biology &Biotechnology
Genetics
References
523-525
1-14
15-28
39-52
53-64
527-538
65-73
75-86
99-108
109-119
121-133
135-142
143-154