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Cellular Biology Review
1. Use the following plant cell outline to review the cell organelles and their function. Draw
in the cell organelles and describe the function of each organelle.
cell membrane - thin layer that surrounds the cell, inside the cell wall. The cell membrane is semi
permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
cell wall - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. Gives the cell most of its support and
structure.
chloroplast - an elongated or disc-shaped organelle. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
cytoplasm - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Golgi body - flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near
the nucleus. Packages proteins
mitochondria - rod-shaped organelles converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP for the cell.
nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced.
nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many
of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The
nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane
ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein
synthesis.
rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous tubes. Rough
ER is covered with ribosomes. Rough ER transport materials through the cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous tubes.
Smooth ER transport materials through the cell.
vacuole - a large, membrane-bound space within a plant cell that is filled with fluid. Most plant cells have
a single vacuole that takes up much of the cell. It helps maintain the shape of the cell.
Cellular Biology Review
2. Answer the following T or F questions by putting a T for True and F for false in the
space before the statement, and then make the statement correct.
a. _T___ Carbohydrates are used to provide short term energy.
b. __T__ Faciliated diffusion requires a protein channel for material to pass through
the membrane.
c. __F__ The function of the golgi apparatus is to produce protein
The function of the Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body or Golgi Complex) is
to package protein for transport, it does not produce the protein
d. __F__ Pinocytosis is the movement of solids into the cell
Pinocytosis is the movement of liquids into the cell
e. __T__ Cellular respiration involves animals taking in oxygen and releasing
carbon dioxide
f. __T__ Photosynthesis involves plants taking in carbon dioxide and releasing
oxygen
g. __F__ Photosynthesis takes place in the mitochondria.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
3. Compare simple diffusion to active transport. Describe how they are similar and how
they are different.
Similar
- movement across a membrane
- both requires different concentrations
Difference
- simple diffusion is from high to low, active transport is from low to high
- simple diffusion can occur anywhere across the membrane, active transport requires a
protein channel
- simple diffusion is passive, active transport requires energy
4. Jennifer decided to bake, but realized she didn’t have any raisins. However, she had lots
of grapes. After remembering the lesson on osmosis, Jennifer decided she could still
bake. All she had to do was get the water out of the grapes. What type of solution is
required and explain how the process works.
A hypertonic solution would be needed in order for the water to exit the grape. Since there is a
higher concentration of water in the grape, the water will move out of the grape and into the
hypertonic solution which has a lower concentration of water.
Cellular Biology Review
5. Jagger brought a saltwater starfish and put it freshwater.
a. What would happen to the octopus? Why did this happen? What type of solution
in the freshwater?
The starfish will swell. There is a low concentration of water in the octopus, and so
the water in the aquarium will flow into the starfish. This in hypotonic solution.
b. He then put the starfish in saltwater. What would happen to the starfish? Why did
this happen? What type of solution is the saltwater?
There is a high concentration of water in the starfish and a low concentration of
water outside of the starfish and so the water will flow out of the starfish into the
aquarium. This is a hypertonic solution will cause the starfish to shrink.
Note: This entire experiment is not healthy for the starfish. The starfish will
probably now be dead. Don’t be like Jagger.
6. Draw a diagram that would represent phagocytosis?
7. Define exocytosis and draw a diagram that would help explain it.
8. Comparing facilitative diffusion and active transport, identify two similarities and two
differences.
Similarities
- movement of material across a membrane
- both need a protein channel
Difference
- active transport moves from low to
high
- active transport requires energy
9. If Charles could walk through walls, what type of transport would this represent?
Passive transport
8. ? (Not sure what happened with the numbering here) If Ryan couldn’t walk through walls, and
can only enter rooms by using a key on doors (energy in the cell), what type of transport would
this represent? Active transport
Cellular Biology Review
10. If Cameron couldn’t walk through walls, but could enter through doorways, what type of
transport would this represent?
Facilitated transport
11. Describe the role or roles of each of the following macromolecules in a cell membrane:
a) Phospholipids
Make up most of the structure of the cell membrane
b) Proteins
Act as channels, pumps or markers and make up another major part of the structure
c) Cholesterol
Keeps the cell membrane from being too fluid or two firm and helps secure proteins
d) Carbohydrates
Act as markers on the cell, helping cells recognize each other
12. Arrange the following organelles in order from smallest to largest:
a) Mitochondria
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
Largest – Nucleus
Middle – Mitochondria
Smallest - Ribosome
13. What is the main job of the mitochondria? What cells would you most likely find large
amount of them in, a muscle cell or a skin cell? Why?
To make energy – generate ATP
A muscle Cell, where you need POWER
14. Define exocytosis and draw a diagram that would help explain it.
This question is a repeat of one above…Sorry
15. Comparing facilitative diffusion and active transport, identify two similarities and two
differences.
This question is a repeat of one above….sorry
16. Give an example of each of the following and identify where it takes place:
a. passive transport: tea, scents
b. osmosis: water into cells, water into dried fruit
c. active transport: paying a toll, sodium
d. photosynthesis: plants converting light energy
e. cellular respiration: people breathing
17. Match the following terms with the appropriate description
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cell wall
carbohydrates
chloroplast
Lipids
nucleic acid
____A___
____B___
____C___
____D___
____E___
protection for the cell
simple sugars
site of photosynthesis
source of long term energy
provides genetic information
Cellular Biology Review
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Nucleus
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
exocytosis
passive transport
____F___
____G___
____H___
____I___
___J____
k.
l.
m
.
active transport
photosynthesis
___K____
____L___
____M__
_
cellular respiration
controls cell functions
movement of liquids into a cell
movement of solids into a cell
movement of particles out of a cell
movement from high concentration to low concentration
requires energy to move particles across the cell
membrane
chemical reaction that creates usable energy
takes place in the mitochondria