Download Bacteria Disease Report

Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
Bacterial Disease Report
Using the information that follows, select a disease. After you have selected your
disease, your assignments is to write a report about the disease. Include a short
paragraph for each of the following topics…





the name of the disease
how a person gets it
it’s symptoms
how is it treated
is it deadly, etc.
The report is to be no less than five paragraphs, covering each item above.
Brucellosis (bruce – a – low – sis)
What is brucellosis?
 Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria
How do I get brucellosis?
 Humans are generally infected in one of three ways…
o eating or drinking something that is contaminated with the bacteria
o breathing in the organism (inhalation)
o having the bacteria enter the body through skin wounds
 The most common way to be infected is by eating or drinking contaminated
milk products
 Direct person-to-person spread of brucellosis is extremely rare
What are the symptoms of brucellosis?
 A person will have…
o a fever
o chills
o excessive sweating
o weakness
o fatigue
~1~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
o
o
o
o
o
headaches
stomach pains
back pain
loss of appetite
joint pain
Treatment
 Antibiotics are prescribed over a long period of time
Botulism (bot-u-liz-um)
What is Botulism?
Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by
bacteria (Clostridium botulinum)
How do you get botulism?
 You get botulism by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin
 All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies
 Food borne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be
poisoned by eating a contaminated food
What are botulism’s symptoms?








Double vision
Blurred vision
Drooping eyelids
Slurred speech
Difficulty swallowing
Dry mouth
Muscle weakness
If untreated, these symptoms may progress to cause paralysis of the…
o arms
o legs
o trunk
~2~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
o respiratory muscles
 In food borne botulism, symptoms generally begin 18 to 36 hours after eating a
contaminated food
 They can occur as early as 6 hours or as late as 10 days
Treatment
 If caught early enough, shots of antitoxin are given to break down the botulism’s
toxin (poison)
 If you have breathing problems, you may need a ventilator to help you breathe
Whooping Cough
What is whooping cough?
 This is a disease of the respiratory tract, highly contagious, and a vaccinepreventable, bacterial (Bordetella pertussis) infection
How do you get whooping cough?
 The infection is spread through the air by respiratory droplets from an infected
person (direct contact)
 If you are going to get it, you usually get it 7 days after you were exposed to the
disease
What are the symptoms of whooping cough?
 Symptoms are…
o a runny nose
o cough (severe)
o slight fever (102o or lower)
o severe coughing attacks that can end in a high pitched, crowing sound
when inhaling or ends in a high-pitched “whoop”
o a coughing spell that may end in a momentary loss of consciousness
o a cough with difficulty in breathing
o vomiting during a severe bout of coughing
o diarrhea
o chocking spells in infants
~3~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
Treatment
 Bed rest and antibiotics are prescribed
Cholera (call-er-a)
What is cholera?
 Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with
bacteria (Vibrio cholera)
How do you get cholera?
 A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with
the cholera bacterium.
 In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces of an
infected person
 Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera, and a few persons in the
United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish
from the Gulf of Mexico
 Casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill
What are the symptoms of cholera?
 The infection is often mild or without symptoms
o sometimes it can be severe
 Approximately one in 20 infected persons have severe disease characterized by…
o profuse watery diarrhea
o vomiting
o leg cramps
 In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock.
 Without treatment, death can occur within hours
Treatment
 Increasing fluids is essential
 Antibiotics can also help
~4~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
Typhoid (tie-foid) Fever
What is typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by bacteria (Salmonella typhi)
How do you get typhoid fever?
 The bacteria live only in humans
 You can get typhoid fever if…
o you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is
shedding the bacteria
o if sewage contaminated with bacteria gets into the water you use for
drinking or washing food
 Typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where hand washing is less
frequent and water is likely to be contaminated with sewage.
What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?
 Persons with typhoid fever usually have…
o a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F
o may also feel weak
o have stomach pains
o headache
o loss of appetite
 In some cases, patients have a rash of flat, rose-colored spots

Treatment
 Using antibiotics, increasing fluids, and a healthy diet
.
Bronchitis (bron-kite-is)
What is bronchitis?
 Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which results in increased
production of mucous, as well as other changes
 It can be caused by bacteria
~5~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
How can I get bronchitis?
 The bacteria that cause bronchitis are sprayed into the air or onto people’s hands
when they cough
 You can get bronchitis if you breathe in these bacteria
 You can also get it if you touch a hand that is coated with the bacteria
What are the symptoms of bronchitis?
 The following are the most common symptoms for bronchitis (however, each
individual may experience symptoms differently)…
o cough
o expectoration (spitting out) of mucus
o frequent and severe respiratory infections
o narrowing
o plugging of the breathing tubes
o difficult breathing
Treatment
 If caused by bacteria, antibiotics can help.
 Rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and cough medicines help as well.
Salmonella
What is salmonella?
 Salmonella is a type of food poisoning caused by bacteria (Salmonella
enteritidis).
How do I get salmonella?
 Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with
animal feces
o Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal
o Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk,
or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated
 Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated
~6~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
o fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella
 Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food
handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom
 Transmission may also occur by handling pet turtles, baby chicks, frogs and
snails that harbor the Salmonella bacteria.
What are the symptoms of salmonella?
 Symptoms can
o vary greatly from person to person
o may occur 12-72 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water and
may last 4-7 days
 Most individuals experience two or more of the following symptoms…
o onset of severe headaches
o abdominal cramps
o diarrhea
o nausea
o vomiting
o low-grade fever
o muscle aches
 Some individuals experience no symptoms but harbor the bacteria in their
intestines and are at risk of spreading it to other individuals
 A diagnosis of Salmonella infection is made by testing a fecal matter specimen
for the presence of the bacteria
Treatment
 Usually no antibiotics are given because it last such a short time
 Rest and drinking plenty of fluids is usually the best course
E. coli
What is E. coli?
 E. coli (Escherichia coli) are bacteria that normally live in the intestines of
humans and animals
~7~
Objective – I can identify a disease caused by bacteria and write a report about the disease.
 Although, most of these bacteria are harmless, several are known to produce
toxins that can cause diarrhea and food poisoning.
How do I get E. coli?




The bacteria are acquired by eating food containing the bacteria
The bacteria live in the intestines of some healthy cattle
Contamination of the meat may occur in the slaughtering process
Eating meat that is rare or inadequately cooked is the most common way of
getting the infection
 Person-to-person transmission can occur if infected people do not wash their
hands after using the toilet
What are the symptoms of E. coli?
 Symptoms start about 7 days after you are infected with the germ
 The first sign is severe abdominal cramps that start suddenly
 After a few hours, watery diarrhea starts
o the diarrhea causes your body to lose fluids and electrolytes (dehydration)
o this makes you feel sick and tired
o the watery diarrhea lasts for about a day
 The diarrhea changes to bright red bloody fecal matter
o the infection makes sores in your intestines, so the fecal matter become
bloody
 Bloody diarrhea lasts for 2 to 5 days
 You might have 10 or more bowel movements a day
 Some people say their stools (#2) are “all blood and no fecal matter”
 You may have a mild fever or no fever
 “You may also have nausea or vomiting
 . If you have any of these symptoms - watery, bloody diarrhea, cramps, fever,
nausea or vomiting - try to get to your doctor right away.
Treatment
 Drink plenty of water and don’t take medication for diarrhea because the body is
getting rid of the disease.
~8~