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Drugs and Alcohol
OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS
What is a Drug?
Definition: A substance that has a
physiological effect when ingested or
otherwise introduced into the body.
 Use: Taking a drug correctly for a legitimate medical reason.
 Misuse: Taking a legal drug inappropriately for any reason.
 Abuse: Taking a legal drug in a manner that endangers the
life or well-being of the user. Taking an illegal drug for any
reason.
Types of Drugs
 Over-The-Counter (OTC)
 Prescription
 Inhalants
 Party and Date-rape Drugs
 Alcohol
 Tobacco
 Marijuana
 Stimulants & Depressents
 “Hard” drugs

Heroin, Cocaine, Crack, Amphetamines, Crystal Meth, Hallucinogens
FDA
 Food and Drug Administration
 Monitors the safety of cosmetics and food, and the
effectiveness of new drugs, medical devices , prescriptions, and
OTC drugs
 Ingredients in legal drugs must be listed as safe and
effective by the U.S. FDA
Ways Drugs enter the Body
 Mouth
 Absorption
 Injection
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 Inhalation
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 Implantation
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Skin Patch
Suppository
Buccal Absorption
Sublingual absorption
Snorting
Off-Label Drug Use
 Use of a drug that a physician has prescribed
for treatments other than those specified on
the label by the FDA.
 Examples?
Over The Counter Drugs
 Why are Over The Counter drugs so popular among
adolescents?
 Bell-ringer  What do you think are the most
commonly abused over the counter drugs?
Commonly Abused OTC Drugs
 Cough Medicine
 Dextromethorphan (DXM/DM)
 Cold Medicine
 Pseudoephedrine (ingredient in Methamphetamine)
Health Consequences
Dextromethorphan
 DXM can cause effects similar
to those of ketamine and PCP
because these drugs affect
similar sites in the brain.
These effects can include
impaired motor function,
numbness, nausea/vomiting,
and increased heart rate and
blood pressure. Hypoxic brain
damage has occurred due to
the combination of DXM with
decongestants often found in
the medication.
Pseudoephedrine
 Increases wakefulness and
physical activity, produces
rapid heart rate, irregular
heartbeat, and increased
blood pressure and body
temperature. Long-term use
can lead to mood
disturbances, violent
behavior, anxiety, confusion,
insomnia, and severe dental
problems. All users, but
particularly those who inject
the drug, risk infectious
diseases such as HIV/AIDS
and hepatitis.
Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey
 Nonmedical use of any prescription drug is
reported only for 12th-graders, and in 2008,
15.4 percent reported past-year use.
Prescription and OTC medications were the
most commonly abused drugs by high school
students after marijuana. In addition, they
represent 6 of the top 10 illicit drugs reported
by 12th-graders.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3CRigW-t6I
OTC Drug
 What over the counter drug has your group chosen?
 List a few ways a person might misuse this drug.
 List a few ways a person might abuse this drug.
Caffeine
 Stimulant
 Can dangerously increase the effects of other drugs.
 Symptoms of caffeine abuse can include insomnia,
palpitations, tremors, sweating, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, chest paints, and neurologic symptoms
Inhalants
 Huffing
 Sniffing
 Bagging
 Chemicals that affect mood and behavior when
inhaled.
 Inhalants can be inhaled from balloons, aerosol cans,
and other containers.
Types of Inhalants
 Fingernail Polish
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remover
Furniture polish
Gasoline
Glue
Hairspray
Lighter fluid
Marker fluid
 Paint thinner
 Rubber cement
 Shoe polish
 Spray paint
 Whipped cream
 Transmission fluid
Health Consequences
 Irregular heartbeat
 Dependence
 Difficulty breathing
 Reduces the ability to
 Headaches
make responsible
decisions
 Increases the risk of
accidents and violence
 Damage can be done to
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Immune system
Heart
Kidneys
Bone marrow
 Death
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Vision
Coordination
Reaction time