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Chapter Three: Settlement Patterns and Ways of Life in Canada Essential Question: How does where you live influence how you live? Geography Terms to know: ecumene: a geographic region that is well suited for permanent settlement by people. Areas not included in the ecumene are generally too dry, too cold, or too rugged for permanent human settlement. plural society: and traditions a society in which different cultural groups keep their own identity, beliefs, rural: found in or living in areas that are not too close to cities urban: found in or living in a city Canada’s Five Regions Atlantic Region: This region lines the Atlantic coast of Canada. It includes the provinces of Newfoundland & Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Some of these provinces are islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Core Region: This region stretches north of the Great Lakes. It includes the two largest provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Prairie Region: This region covers Canada’s central plains. It includes the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Pacific Region: This region is on Canada’s Pacific coast. It is made up of the province of British Columbia. Northern Region: This region lies to the north of the provinces. It reaches far into the Arctic Ocean. It includes Canada’s three territories. These are the Yukon Territories, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Key Aspects of Life in Canada’s Five Regions Pacific Region: Population: more than 4 million people most people live in or near Victoria or Vancouver or on the western slopes of the Rockies. high Asian population Language: English is most people’s first language Asian languages such as Chinese are also spoken Climate: Marine West Coast along the coast colder in the Rocky Mountains winter surfing is a popular sport Buildings: strong British influence some buildings look almost like castles Economic Activity: farming and forestry are important mining, shipping, and hydroelectric power are the largest industries Prairie Region: Population: more than 5 million people live here fast-growing area Edmonton and Calgary are the largest cities Language: English is the first language of most people French, German, and Ukrainian are also spoken Climate: semiarid to humid continental in south, subarctic in north polar bears migrate through Churchill every year Buildings: farms in the southern region barns with silos to store grain Economic Activity: farming (half of all of Canada’s farm products) mining (more than half of all minerals in Canada), and oil (oil sands) Northern Region: Population: 100,000 people live here largest land area smallest population costly to live in because it’s so far from other places Language: most people speak English as their first language many Inuit continue to speak Inuktitut Climate: tundra in the north, subarctic in the south all-terrain vehicles are popular as transportation dog sled racing is a popular sport Buildings: traditionally, some Inuit made winter igloos from snow blocks today most have houses made from kits Economic Activity: hunting and gathering nomadic herding mining government work Atlantic Region: Population: 2.3 million people live here first areas of European settlement population is declining because fishing restrictions limit jobs Language: most people speak English some people speak French Climate: mild, humid continental climate wet winters ice hockey was born here Buildings: several hundred lighthouses in operation on the coastline Economic Activity: fishing (declining) farming (limited) forestry Core Region: Population: 19.7 million people populate this area most Canadians live here the three largest cities are Toronto, Montreal, and capital city of Ottawa lots of jobs here Language: in Ontario, most people speak English in Quebec, most people speak French both English and French are official languages of Canada Chinese, Italian, and Portuguese are also spoken Climate: humid continental climate in the south colder with less rain in the north Winterlude held in February Buildings: British and French influences Gothic revival style large stone buildings with tall, pointed windows Economic Activity: manufacturing, farming (one-third of all Canada’s farm products) hydroelectric power