Download Organizing Data and Information

Organizing Data
and Information
Outline

Introduction to Data Management
– Basic Concepts

Data Modeling and Database Models
– Translating business models to database
models

Database Management Systems
– The software

Recent Developments
– New applications for database
Hierarchy of Data
Data Entities and Attributes

Entity
– Generalized class of people, places, or
things for which data is collected, stored,
and maintained

Attributes
– A characteristic of an entity
Keys and Attributes
Traditional Approach to Data Management
Database Approach to Data Management
Advantages of Database Approach

Improved strategic use
of corporate data
 Reduced data
redundancy
 Improved data integrity
 Easier modification and
updating
 Data and program
independence
 Better access to data
and information




Standardization of data
access
Framework for program
development
Better overall protection
of the data
Shared data and
information resources
Disadvantages of Database Approach
Relatively high cost of purchasing and
operating a DBMS in a mainframe
operating environment
 Increased cost of specialized staff
 Increased vulnerability

Outline
Introduction to Data Management
 Data Modeling and Database Models

– Translating business models to database
models
Database Management Systems
 Recent Developments

Data Modeling

Data Model
– A diagram of data entities and their
relationships

Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
– A data model that uses basic graphical
symbols to show the organization of
relationships between data
Keys

Key:
– A field or set of fields in a record that is
used to identify the record

Primary Key
– A field or set of fields that uniquely
identifies the record
An Entity-Relationship Diagram
Database Models
Hierarchical (Tree) Models
 Network Model
 Relational Models

A Hierarchical Database Model
A Network Database Model
A Relational Database Model
Outline
Introduction to Data Management
 Data Modeling and Database Models
 Database Management Systems

– The software

Recent Developments
Database Management System
(DBMS)

A group of programs that manipulate the
database and provide an interface
between the database and the user of
the database and other application
programs
Building and Modifying
a Relational Database
Schemas and Subschemas

Schema
– A description of the entire database

Subschema
– A file that contains a description of a
subset of the database and identifies which
users can view and modify the data items
in the subset
Use of Schemas and Subschemas
Logical and Physical
Access Paths
Structured Query Language
Database Output
Worldwide Database Market Share, 1998
Selecting a DBMS

Database Size
 Number of
concurrent users
 Performance
 Integration

Features
 The Vendor
 Cost
Outline
Introduction to Data Management
 Data Modeling and Database Models
 Database Management Systems
 Recent Developments

– New applications for databases
Recent Developments

Data Warehouses: A database that collects
business information from many sources in
the enterprise, covering all aspects of the
company’s processes, products, and
customers
 Data Mart: a subset of a data warehouse
 Data Mining: an information analysis tool that
involves the automated discovery of patterns
and relationships in a data warehouse
 Database-driven Web sites
Elements of a Data Warehouse
How to Design
a Data Warehouse
Sharply define goals and objectives
 Choose the software that best fits the
goals
 Determine what should be in the
database
 Develop a plan
 Measure results

Common Data Mining
Applications
Market segmentation
 Customer churn
 Fraud detection
 Direct marketing
 Market basket analysis
 Trend analysis

On-Line Analytical
Processing (OLAP)

Software that allows users to explore
data from a number of different
perspectives
OLTP and Data Warehousing
OLTP and Data Mining
Open Database
Connectivity (ODBC)

Standards that ensure that software
written to comply with these standards
can be used with any ODBC-compliant
database
Advantages of ODBC
ORDBMS
Object-Relationship Database
Management System (ORDBMS)
 Supports object-oriented business
modeling

Business Intelligence

The process of getting enough of the
right information in a timely manner and
usable form and analyzing it so that it
can have a positive impact on business
strategy, tactics, or operations
Database-Driven Web Sites

Two main uses for databases in Web
sites
– Customize Web site to the user. Our class
site is an example.
– Expose internal data about customers to
customers.
Outline

Introduction to Data Management
– Basic Concepts

Data Modeling and Database Models
– Translating business models to database
models

Database Management Systems
– The software

Recent Developments
– New applications for database