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Energy, Force, and Motion Study Guide
Unit 11 and Unit 9
SOL 4.2, 4.3
Unit 11- Motion
Lesson 1: What is Motion? page 537
Lesson 2: What is Speed? page 553
1. The location of an object is its position. A location is usually described
by using another object or background.
2.
A baseball catcher’s position is behind home plate.
3.
The object used for identifying an object’s position is the
Frame of Reference. This object does not move.
4.
Tracing and measuring an object’s position over time can describe its
motion. Use speed and direction to describe an object’s
motion.
5.
Speed is a measure of motion. Speed describes how fast
an object is moving. Speed can measure time in hours (hr), minutes (min) or
seconds (sec).
6.
To calculate speed, divide the distance an object moves by the amount of time it
moves.
7.
A car that travels 100 kilometers in 2 hours would have a speed of _________ km
per hour. If the same car travels 60 km per hour during the next hour, its
speed has increased.
8.
The direction of an object’s motion can change. This is called
acceleration. Acceleration occurs if the object speeds up, slows, down, or
changes direction (up, down, forward, backward).
9. A push or pull is a(n) force.
10. A force causes an object to move, stop, or change speed or
direction.
11. The greater the force, the greater the change in an object’s motion.
Word Bank:
change
force
stop
motion
behind
position
greater
direction
fast
speed
acceleration
frame of reference
12. If the same force is applied to two objects of different mass, the force will have
less effect on the object with the larger mass.
13. If the same force is applied to a tennis ball and a basketball, the tennis ball will
move a(n) longer distance because it has a(n) smaller mass.
14. The force that pulls you toward the earth’s surface is called
gravity.
15. The tendency of an object to stay in motion or stay at rest unless a force acts
upon it is known as inertia Sir Isaac Newton formulated
the “law of inertia.”
16. A force that slows or stops a moving object is friction.
17. Friction is the resistance to motion. When two objects
rub against each other, motion or movement will stop.
18. Friction creates heat. Rub your hands together.
19. There is more friction between two objects with rough surfaces than
objects with smooth objects.
between two
20. The friction between ice skates and ice is less than the friction
between your shoes and a carpet.
21. When a paper airplane falls to the ground after a few seconds of flight, this is
an example of the force gravity exerts on that object.
22. Your car stops suddenly and you continue to move forward. This is an
example of inertia.
23. If you stop peddling a bicycle it eventually stops because of
friction between the tires and the road.
Word Bank:
longer
smaller
resistance
larger
heat
less
more
inertia
inertia
gravity
gravity
friction
friction
Unit 9- Energy
Lesson 1: What Are Some Forms of Energy? page
1. When a force is used to move an object, work takes place.
2. While sitting at your desk reading a book, you do not do work. When you
walk to school you do work because you move.
3. When a larger mass is moved, more work takes place.
4. The ability to do work, or cause change is energy. Energy is
needed to apply a force to make an object move.
5. The energy of motion is kinetic energy.
6. A baseball thrown by a pitcher has kinetric energy as it moves
toward the batter.
7. Stored energy, or the energy an object has because of its position,
is called potential energy.
8. A rock on top of a cliff has potential energy.
9. The total of an object’s potential and kinetic energy is called
mechanical energy. A roller coaster moving down
a hill has potential energy from its position and kinetic energy from its
movement. Its total energy is mechanical energy.
10. Energy stored in food or fuel is chemical energy.
11. Energy that comes from electric current is electrical energy.
Energy Changes Form
12. Energy can change form. When an iron is plugged in, electrical energy is
transformed into heat or thermal energy.
13. The chemical energy in flashlight batteries changes into light or
radiant energy and heat or thermal energy when
you turn on the flashlight.
14. When coal is burned, chemical energy changes into heat or
thermal energy.
15. If you make a smoothie in a blender, when you turn on the blender electrical
energy is transformed into mechanical energy.
Word Bank:
energy
work
work
potential
potential
more
kinetic
kinetic
radiant
chemical
chemical
chemical
thermal
thermal
electrical
mechanical
mechanical
16. Identify the part of the bicycle that creates friction: tires (with the pavement)
17. Which labeled part shows kinetic energy? 3 - water (dripping from the sink)
18. The toaster is transforming electrical energy into heat and light energy.