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Age of Exploration Test Review 1. What were the causes of the Age of Exploration? • New and improved technology allowed for long ocean voyages • Demand for goods from Asia • Ottoman Empire blocked trade routes 2. What were Isabella and Ferdinand’s role in the Age of Exploration? • Financed many expeditions to discover an all water route to Asia, Christopher Columbus among them 3. Describe the achievement of each of the following explorers in the space provided. • Bartolomeu Dias— *Discovered the tip of Africa but never reached Asia • Vasco da Gama— *Sailed to India around the southern tip of Africa and Calcutt India • Christopher Columbus— *Tried to reach India by sailing west, but instead came into contact with the West Indies • Hernando Cortez— *Conquered Montezuma II and the Aztec Empire • Francisco Pizarro— *Conquered Athualpa and the Incan Empire 4. What was the Inquisition? • Court created by Isabella and Ferdinand to root out heresy (going against the Catholic Church) 4. What was the Inquisition? • 150,000 people were tortured, exiled and burned at the stake • Isabella and Ferdinand were devout Catholics 5. What two countries lead the Age of Exploration? • Spain • Portugal 6. What were the conquistador’s motives in the Americas? • God, Gold, and Glory 7. What factors allowed conquistadors to successfully defeat the Native American civilizations? • Superior weapons— gunpowder, cannons, horses and armor 7. What factors allowed conquistadors to successfully defeat the Native American civilizations? • Allied themselves with enemies • Smallpox/Disease 8. What impact did the conquistadors contact with the Americans have on the Native American population? • Destroyed the population through enslavement, warfare and smallpox 9. Explain how the Age of Exploration caused the development of the slave trade. • Smallpox destroyed the Native American population forcing Europeans to import African slaves to work on large plantations. 10.What effects did the slave trade have on Africa? • Caused great upheaval in African societies. 11. Describe mercantilism. • Colonies supply the mother country with raw materials. • Mother country uses raw material to create manufactured goods. 11. Describe mercantilism. • Mother country then uses the colonies as a market to sell manufactured goods. • Desire a favorable balance of trade—export more then you import 11. Describe mercantilism. • Ultimate goal is self-sufficiency • Mother country benefits in this relationship 12.Describe the Encomienda System. • Required large work force for large plantations 13. What were the results of the Age of Exploration? • Begins a period of European global domination