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Transcript
4.1 Apply Triangle Sum Properties Goal Your Notes p Classsify triangles and find measures of their angles. VOCABULARY Triangle Interior angles Exterior angles Corollary to a theorem CLASSIFYING TRIANGLES BY SIDES Scalene Triangle congruent sides Isosceles Triangle Equilateral Triangle At least congruent sides congruent sides CLASSIFYING TRIANGLES BY ANGLES Notice that an equilateral triangle is also isosceles. An equiangular triangle is also acute. Acute Triangle Right Triangle Obtuse Triangle Equiangular Triangle acute angles right angle obtuse angle congruent angles Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Geometry Notetaking Guide • Lesson 4.1 89 4.1 Apply Triangle Sum Properties Goal Your Notes p Classsify triangles and find measures of their angles. VOCABULARY Triangle A triangle is a polygon with three sides. Interior angles When the sides of a polygon are extended, the original angles are the interior angles. Exterior angles When the sides of a polygon are extended, the angles that form linear pairs with the interior angles are the exterior angles. Corollary to a theorem A corollary to a theorem is a statement that can be proved easily using the theorem. CLASSIFYING TRIANGLES BY SIDES Scalene Triangle Isosceles Triangle Equilateral Triangle No congruent sides At least 2 congruent sides 3 congruent sides CLASSIFYING TRIANGLES BY ANGLES Notice that an equilateral triangle is also isosceles. An equiangular triangle is also acute. Acute Triangle Right Triangle Obtuse Triangle Equiangular Triangle 3 acute angles 1 right angle 1 obtuse angle 3 congruent angles Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide 89 Your Notes Example 1 Classify triangles by sides and by angles Shuffleboard Classify the triangular shape of the shuffleboard scoring area in the diagram by its sides and by measuring its angles. 8 10 8 7 7 Solution The triangle has a pair of congruent sides, so it . By measuring, the angles are about is . It is an triangle. Checkpoint Complete the folowing exercise. 1. Draw an isosceles right triangle and an obtuse scalene triangle. Example 2 Classify a triangle in a coordinate plane Classify nRST by its sides. Then determine if the triangle is a right triangle. y R(23, 3) S(5, 2) 21 1 x T(3, 21) Solution }}} Step 1 Use the distance formula Ï (x2 2 x1)2 1 (y 2 2 y 1)2 to find the side lengths. RT 5 Ï }}} 2 1 2 }}} RS 5 Ï 2 1 2 }}} ST 5 Ï 5 5 } Step 2 Check for right angles. The slope of RT is } 5 . The slope of ST is 2 1 5 2 5 . The product of the slopes is } } , so RT ⊥ ST and ∠RTS is a angle. Therefore, nRST is a 90 Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide triangle. Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Your Notes Example 1 Classify triangles by sides and by angles Shuffleboard Classify the triangular shape of the shuffleboard scoring area in the diagram by its sides and by measuring its angles. 7 8 10 8 7 Solution The triangle has a pair of congruent sides, so it is isosceles . By measuring, the angles are about 728, 728, and 368 . It is an acute isosceles triangle. Checkpoint Complete the folowing exercise. 1. Draw an isosceles right triangle and an obtuse scalene triangle. Sample Drawings: Example 2 Classify a triangle in a coordinate plane Classify nRST by its sides. Then determine if the triangle is a right triangle. y R(23, 3) S(5, 2) 21 x 1 T(3, 21) Solution }}} Step 1 Use the distance formula Ï (x2 2 x1)2 1 (y 2 2 y 1)2 to find the side lengths. }}} RT 5 Ï (3 2 (23)) 2 RS 5 Ï (5 2 (23)) 2 1 (21 2 3) }}} 1 (2 2 3) }}} ST 5 Ï (3 2 5) 2 2 } 5 Ï52 } 5 Ï 65 } 5 Ï 13 } Step 2 Check for right angles. The slope of RT is 2 } 21 2 3 } 5 2} . The slope of ST is 3 2 (23) 2 1 (21 2 2) 2 3 3 21 2 2 } 5 } . The product of the slopes is 2 325 } } 21 , so RT ⊥ ST and ∠RTS is a right angle. Therefore, nRST is a right scalene triangle. 90 Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Your Notes THEOREM 4.1: TRIANGLE SUM THEOREM B The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is . A C m∠A 1 m∠B 1 m∠C 5 THEOREM 4.2: EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum A of the measures of the two m∠1 5 m∠ angles. Example 3 B 1 C 1 m∠ Find angle measure Use the diagram at the right to find the measure of ∠DCB. B (3x 2 9)8 D Solution Step 1 Write and solve an equation to find the value of x. C x8 A (3x 2 9)8 5 Exterior Angle Theorem x5 Step 2 Substitute 738 Solve for x. for x in 3x 2 9 to find m∠DCB. 3x 2 9 5 3 p The measure of ∠DCB is 295 . COROLLARY TO THE TRIANGLE SUM THEOREM C The acute angles of a right triangle are . A B m∠A 1 m∠B 5 Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide 91 Your Notes THEOREM 4.1: TRIANGLE SUM THEOREM B The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 1808 . A C m∠A 1 m∠B 1 m∠C 5 1808 THEOREM 4.2: EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM B The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum 1 A C of the measures of the two nonadjacent interior m∠1 5 m∠ A 1 m∠ B angles. Example 3 Find angle measure Use the diagram at the right to find the measure of ∠DCB. B (3x 2 9)8 D Solution Step 1 Write and solve an equation to find the value of x. 738 C x8 A (3x 2 9)8 5 738 1 x8 Exterior Angle Theorem x 5 418 Solve for x. Step 2 Substitute 41 for x in 3x 2 9 to find m∠DCB. 3x 2 9 5 3 p 41 2 9 5 114 The measure of ∠DCB is 1148 . COROLLARY TO THE TRIANGLE SUM THEOREM C The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary . A B m∠A 1 m∠B 5 908 Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide 91 Your Notes Find angle measures from a verbal description Example 4 Ramps The front face of the wheelchair ramp shown forms a right triangle. The measure of one acute angle in the triangle is eight times the measure of the other. Find the measure of each acute angle. Solution First, sketch a diagram of the 8x8 situation. Let the measure of the smaller acute angle be x8. Then the measure of the larger acute angle is x8 . Use the Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem to set up and solve an equation. x8 1 5 x5 Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem Solve for x. So, the measures of the acute angles are and . Checkpoint Complete the following exercises. 2. Triangle JKL has vertices J(22, 21), K(1, 3), and L(5, 0). Classify it by its sides. Then determine if it is a right triangle. 3. Find the measure of ∠1 in the diagram shown. B 528 (3x 1 16)8 1 D Homework 92 C 2x8 A 4. In Example 4, what is the measure of the obtuse angle formed between the ramp and a segment extending from the horizontal leg? Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved. Your Notes Example 4 Find angle measures from a verbal description Ramps The front face of the wheelchair ramp shown forms a right triangle. The measure of one acute angle in the triangle is eight times the measure of the other. Find the measure of each acute angle. Solution First, sketch a diagram of the 8x8 situation. Let the measure of the smaller acute angle be x8. Then the measure of the larger acute angle is 8x8 . x8 Use the Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem to set up and solve an equation. x8 1 8x8 5 908 x 5 10 Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem Solve for x. So, the measures of the acute angles are 108 and 808 . Checkpoint Complete the following exercises. 2. Triangle JKL has vertices J(22, 21), K(1, 3), and L(5, 0). Classify it by its sides. Then determine if it is a right triangle. isosceles triangle; right triangle 3. Find the measure of ∠1 in the diagram shown. 568 B 528 (3x 1 16)8 1 D Homework C 2x8 A 4. In Example 4, what is the measure of the obtuse angle formed between the ramp and a segment extending from the horizontal leg? 1708 92 Lesson 4.1 • Geometry Notetaking Guide Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.