Download The Cold War

Basic Themes of Chapter 30
• The Cold War (1945 to 1991)
– Polarization of the world into American and Soviet
‘camps’
– Nuclear weapons gave the struggle for world dominance
a new element
• Decolonization
– Underdeveloped countries throw of old European
masters
– Struggle to gain independence
– These countries get caught in the middle of the Cold War
struggle
Basic Themes of Chapter 30
(continued)
• For Western Europe, the Cold War has Two Phases
– 1st Phase 1950s and early 1960s
• a great economic recovery and remarkable political
stability in Western Europe
– 2nd Phase late 1960s and early 1970s
• Economic progress stagnates damaging social and
political unity
• Cold War turns to its hottest phase
I. Picking Up the Pieces
After WWII
1a) Nuremberg War Tribunal
•Interesting International Question Here….
•Why was this city chosen?
1b) Zionism
• What is
the
greatest
asset of
the
Zionists in
1946?
• What is
their
greatest
obstacle?
Ic). Dealing With Defeated Nations
Germany
• Germany and Japan
were occupied
– Specific breakup of
Germany
– Japan flag issue
Berlin
1d) The United Nations
General Assembly (all
members…1 vote each)
Security Council
(Veto Power)
China, France, England,
USSR, U.S.
II. U.S. versus the Soviet Union
I don’t
trust this
commie
bastard!
!
How did the Two
New Super
Powers Feel
About Each
Other???
“Howdy,
Ruski!”
Elbe River
Давай
оторвёмся ,
Yankee!
Следи за
базаро
м!
Why didn’t the U.S. and the
U.S.S.R. get along?
1. Superpowers (+ atomic bomb)
2. Race for ‘spheres of influence’ in the world
a. What does that mean?
b. Immediate hotspot- Eastern Europe
c. Why were so many countries up for grabs?
3. Anger over WWIIa. Why was Stalin angry?
b. Why were the Americans angry?
4. Historical animosity (the U.S. had tried to
put down the Russian Revolution)
5. Different Political Systems
Race for ‘Spheres of Influence’
outside of Europe
Why had the allies allowed the Soviets to develop
such a strong position?
•
Teheran (1943) , Yalta (early 1945), and Potsdam
(mid 1945) …
America and Britain were not in a position of power
when negotiating with Stalin
•
–
–
–
Didn’t want a separate German-Soviet peace
Western Allies got to Germany later
The Soviets were making the central sacrifice against
Hitler
Stalin ended up in possession of Eastern Europe
–
•
•
“No General ever gave up at the conference table that which his men has
won be blood on the battlefield”
American eagerness to ‘bring the boys home’ at the
end of the war. Justification for doing so  the
atom bomb.
Churchill Had Actually Foreseen
This Problem
• Wanted D-Day to be
an attack through the
Balkans
• FDR (and Stalin)
– Attack into France
• FDR’s plan won out
– Ramifications?
– Divided Europe
East-West
III. Increasing Tension
Stalin Refused to give up Eastern Europe.
Anyone think of a country in this orange area
whose failure to get its freedom at the end of
the war is a great irony? (at least from the
perspective of England and France?)
Stalin’s Attempts to Institute Friendly Regimes in Eastern
Europe Were Particularly Brutal in One Country
• Can you guess?
• Czechoslovakia
– Why so brutal there?
?
The
Iron
Curtain
From Stettin in the
Balkans, to Trieste
in the Adriatic, an
iron curtain has
descended across the
Continent. Behind
that line lies the
ancient capitals of
Central and Eastern
Europe.
- Sir Winston
Churchill, 1946
American Anti-Isolationism
• Britain has abandoned its role as global
policeman
• U.S. steps in
• U.S. will increasingly become an imperialist-type
power
– Example
• directly after WWII, U.S. argues that France should
give up Vietnam since their influence hasn’t
brought any gains to the Vietnamese people
• A mere ten Years Later, when France agrees to
leave Vietnam, U.S. policy has shifted so greatly
that the U.S. enters Vietnam to prevent a
communist ‘takeover’ of the country
Were American fears justified?
• Yes…
– There were growing communist parties in western Europe
• Soviet Union had a shiny glow for many after defeating Hitler
– Communism advocates worldwide revolution
– Communism seeks to take away private property
• Wealthy in Europe and the U.S. threatened
– The Soviet Union is a surviving Totalitarian state, which means
• Censorship, propaganda, secret police, etc.
• Soviets get the A-Bomb in 1949
• After Yugoslavia bucked being a Stalinist puppet, Stalin cracked
down and forced a very strict doctrine on other Communist govs
• No…
– Soviets had been CRUSHED in WWII
– Economy is MUCH weaker than the United States’
– Much of the ‘aggressive’ action of the Soviet Union can be traced to
their paranoia after having been invaded time and again by other
nations
IV. First Clashes
The Truman Doctrine
• Containment of Communism!!!
• A Response to Stalin’s Efforts to Pull Turkey, Iran,
and Greece into the Soviet ‘orbit’
The Marshall Plan
Why give $$$ to Europe?
•
Lessons learned after Treaty of
Versailles
•
Convince countries to join America’s
‘Sphere of Influence’
–
“Democratic Capitalism is the way to go!”
Stalin saw ‘Containment’ as ‘Encirclement’
Damn you,
Truman. You are
really pissing me
off!!!
Hee, hee, hee,
hee, hee, hee,
hee, hee…
Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
•Stalin Figured ‘if you are going
to contain me, I’ll contain you!’
•closed the roads into West
Berlin
•Another reason for the Berlin
blockade
•West Berlin presented a
problem for Totalitarian style
gov. in Eastern Europe
•Do you see why?
• The ‘Berlin Airlift’ Broke
Stalin’s Blockade
• As tensions rose, NATO was formed.
The Warsaw Pact was formed in
response.
• 1 plane per minute, 24 hours a day, for
9 months…
• In the end, Stalin removed his
blockade… the Western Allies could fly
to Berlin…
– To understand why Stalin gave in, keep in
mind that there is a battle in progress for the
hearts and minds of the decolonizing nations
– Any bad press hurts
– Trying to blockade and having these efforts
fail is humiliating
• Berlin will remain a flashpoint
Western
Bloc=
NATO
Eastern
Bloc=
Warsaw
Pact
So why is it called a “Cold War?”
• Brinksmanship
– Moving towards war between the U.S. and Soviet
War (without going across the ‘brink’) in an attempt
to make the other guy ‘blink’
– Berlin Airlift
– Cuban Missile Crisis
• Proxy Wars
– Indirect fights between the superpowers through
third countries
– Korea
– Vietnam
– Afghanistan
– Many, many other smaller ones
• Arms Race
– Flex your muscles/weapons without having to use
them
– ICBMs
• Spies, etc.
– Keep one step ahead of the enemy
Slightly More Formal Definition of
the Cold War
An attempt by the Soviet Union
and the United States to spread
their respective economic,
political, and social models to the
rest of the globe without resorting
to direct nuclear conflict.
The Importance of 1949
• Soviets conducted a successful test of the
atom bomb
– Rosenbergs
• China ‘falls’ to Communism
– Mao Zedong
– Failure of the Truman Doctrine
– America becomes determined to put ‘teeth’
into its defenses
• Red Scare
Hansen
Name ____________________
AP Euro
Period _________
Intro to the Cold War
(Note-Taking Guide)
► Basic Themes of Chapter 30
•
The Cold War (1945 to 1991)
–
Polarization of the world into _________________ ‘camps’
–
_______________gave the struggle for world dominance a
new element
•
Decolonization
–
______________________ threw of old European masters
–
Struggle to gain independence
–
These countries get ________________________ of the
Cold War struggle
•
For Western Europe, the Cold War has Two Phases
–
1st Phase 1950s and early 1960s
• a _____________________ and remarkable
_______________ in Western Europe
–
2nd Phase late 1960s and early 1970s
• ________________________________ damaging
social and political unity
• Cold War turns to its ______________
► Picking Up the Pieces After WWI
•
Nuremberg War Tribunal
•
Zionism
•
Dealing with Defeated Nations
•
The United Nations
–
Security Council
–
General Assembly
► U.S. Versus the Soviet Union
•
Why didn’t the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. get along?
•
__________________ (+ atomic bomb)
•
Race for ‘_________________________’ in the world
•
What does that mean? _______________________
_________________________________________
•
Immediate hotspot- _____________________
•
Why were so many countries up for grabs? _______
__________________________________________
•
Anger over WWII•
Why was Stalin angry? _______________________
•
Why were the Americans angry? _______________
•
Historical animosity (the U.S. had tried to put down the
_____________________)
•
Different ____________________________
•
Why had the allies allowed the Soviets to develop such a strong
position?
•
Teheran (1943) , Yalta (early 1945), and Potsdam (mid 1945)
…
•
America and Britain were ____________________________
when negotiating with Stalin
•
Didn’t want a separate ___________ peace
•
Western Allies ___________________________
•
The Soviets were making the _______________
against Hitler
•
Stalin ended up _______________ Eastern Europe
•
Stalin- “No General ever gave up
_____________________ that which his
men hav won ________________________”
•
American eagerness to
‘____________________’
at the end of the war.
Justification for doing so 
___ ____________________.
•
Churchill Had Actually Foreseen This Problem
•
Wanted D-Day to be an attack
___________________________
•
FDR (and Stalin) Wanted
__________________
•
FDR’s plan won out
•
Ramifications?
► III. Increasing Tension
•
Stalin Refused to give up _______________. Anyone think of a country
in this orange area whose failure to get its freedom at the end of the war
is a great irony? (at least from the perspective of
_______________________________-?)
–
•
•
•
–
–
–
•
_____________________________
Stalin’s Attempts to Institute Friendly Regimes in Eastern Europe Were
Particularly Brutal in One Country
–
Can you guess?
–
_______________________________
•
Why so brutal there? _______________________
_________________________________________
The Iron Curtain- ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
American Anti-Isolationism
Britain has abandoned its role as global policeman
______________________
U.S. will increasingly become an ________________ power
•
Example
–
directly after WWII, U.S. argued that France should
____________________ since their influence hasn’t
brought any gains to the Vietnamese people
–
A mere ___________________, when France
agreed to leave Vietnam, U.S. policy has shifted so
greatly that the U.S.
_________________________________
_________________________________
► IV. First Clashes
•
The Truman Doctrine
•
___________________ of Communism!!!
•
A Response to Stalin’s Efforts to Pull _________________
___________________________ into the Soviet ‘orbit’
•
The Marshal Plan- __________________________________
________________________________________________
•
•
Were American Fears Justified?
–
Yes…
•
•
•
•
•
–
No…
•
•
•
There __________________________ in western
Europe
Soviet Union had ______________________ for many
after defeating Hitler
Communism advocates ____________________
Communism seeks to take away private property
– _________________________ threatened
The Soviet Union is a surviving Totalitarian state, which
means
– Censorship, _________, secret police, etc.
– Soviets ________________in 1949
– After ____________ bucked being a Stalinist
puppet, Stalin ______________
________________________ on other
Communist govs
Soviets had been __________________________
Economy is _______________than the United States’
Much of the ‘aggressive’ action of the Soviet Union can
be ________________________________ after having
been invaded time and again by other nations
•
Why Give $ to Europe?
• Lessons learned after ____________
______________________
• Convince countries to
join America’s ‘Sphere of Influence’
• “___________________
is the way to go!”
•
Stalin saw ‘Containment’ as ‘_________________’
Berlin Blockade and Airlift __________
•
Stalin Figured ‘if you are going to contain me, ____________!’
• closed the roads ____________________
•
Another reason for the Berlin blockade
• West Berlin presented a problem for _____________
_______________. in Eastern Europe
• Do you see why? - ____________________________
___________________________________________
•
The ‘Berlin Airlift’ Broke Stalin’s Blockade
• As tensions rose, _____________________. The
________________ was formed in response.
• 1 plane per minute, 24 hours a day, for 9 months…
• In the end, Stalin removed his blockade… the Western
Allies could fly to Berlin…
• To understand why Stalin gave in, keep in mind that
there is a battle in progress for the ______________
__________________________________________
• Any bad press hurts
• Trying to blockade and having these efforts
_______ is __________________
• Berlin will remain a flashpoint
Western Bloc= NATO
Eastern Bloc = Warsaw Pact
•
•
•
So why is it called a ‘Cold War’?
–
Brinksmanship
• Moving towards war between the U.S. and Soviet
War (without going across the ‘brink’) in an attempt
to __________________________________
• __________________________
• ________________Missile Crisis
–
Proxy Wars
• ____________________ between the
superpowers through _____________________
• Korea
• _______________
• _______________
• Many, many other smaller ones
–
Arms Race
• Flex your muscles/weapons without having to use
them
• _____________
–
Spies, etc.
• Keep one step ahead of the enemy
Slightly More Formal Definition of the Cold War
–
An attempt by the Soviet Union and the United States to
spread their respective _________________________
______________________ to the rest of the globe without
resorting to direct nuclear conflict.
The Importance of 1949
–
–
•
Soviets conducted a successful test of the atom bomb
•
__________________
China ‘falls’ to Communism
•
_____________________
•
________________________ Truman Doctrine
•
America becomes determined
_____________________ defenses
____________________