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Sumerians/ Chaldeans Akanksha Nagarkar and Tal Usvyatsky Emergence Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ Migrated from the East from ancient India or ancient Iran In 3100 BCE the population increased Cities emerged due to the population increase Chaldea ❖ ❖ In 630 BC, Nabopolassar became king of the Chaldeans. In 626, he took control of Uruk from the Assyrians and became king of Babylonia. Geographic Location/ Natural Resources ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Southeastern Mesopotamia Between Arabian Desert and Euphrates River Borders the Persian Gulf Flat and marshy Dry climate; sparse vegetation Rivers flood vehemently in spring Extremely rich soil as a result Soil and sunshine allowed civilization to thrive Belief & Value Systems Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Religion central to organization of cities polytheistic gods controlled everything Each city had unique god/goddess Each family had unique deity Large temples Ziqqurats (large temples) Chaldea ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Mythology contains stories of deities, heroes, and creatures Idols were considered very important Influenced by older civilizations Royalty was tied into religion Astrology Communication Systems Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Initially used cuneiform (1500 characters) Cuneiform is the oldest form of deciphered writing Reduced to 700 characters Alphabetic in 1300 BCE Chaldea ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Akkadian was the formal language Aramaic was also used Some words from Sumerian language Used cuneiform Societal Organizations Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Libraries in 2500 BCE Schools to teach writing and business transactions Ruler (lord-en) Each city had governor (ensi) or king (lugal) Courts, jails, and government records Citizen army Chaldea ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Local autonomy in cities. Each city had their own courts and tried cases with assemblies. Social and political status was determined by religious hierarchy. Guild system Monetary System ❖ Used the shekel ❖ Kept records of transactions Technological Advances/ Cultural Arts Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Chaldea Pottery Invented the wheel Seals and clay used to stamp papers Words (cuneiform) Iron smelted in 2500 BCE Plow Sailboat First lunar calendar Advanced and organized irrigation systems ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Used bricks in architecture Started with mud and bricks Eventually used some stone Temples High quality sculptures Paintings are a mystery One of the first to use seven day week Seeder plow Sundials ← The wheel Demise Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Conquered by King Sargon of Akkad in 2340 BCE Empire short-lived Conquered by Babylonians Culture was not lost but rather adapted Chaldea ❖ ❖ ❖ Assyrians occupy Babylon in 729 BCE Chaldean culture is absorbed by population Later, Babylonian empire falls to Persians in 539 BCE Influence Sumer ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ administrative organization could not be reversed once established in the area art styles: pottery complex metrology system: led to arithmetic, algebra, and geometry arch architecture Chaldea ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Modern Chaldean Christians 7 day week Horoscopes More astrology Sources http://www.san.beck.org/EC3-Sumer.html#1 http://history-world.org/sumerian_culture.htm http://www.ushistory.org/civ/4a.asp http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Sumer.html http://history-world.org/Sumer-Akkad.jpg http://www.unm.edu/~gbawden/328-exp/328-exp.htm https://pittkyle123.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/early-sumerian-cuneiform.jpg http://www.ancientscripts.com/images/su_signs.gif http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/mesopotamian-wheel.jpg https://bible.org/seriespage/19-rise-neo-babylonian-chaldean-empire More Sources http://www.britannica.com/place/Chaldea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldea http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/chaldean.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Chaldeans.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire http://chaldea.wikispaces.com/trading http://www.ehow.com/info_8507932_chaldeas-inventions.html http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sumer_anunnaki/esp_sumer_annunaki04.htm http://www.ancient.eu/babylon/