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Microsoft SQL Server 2000
New Features and Enhancements
10 June 2002
David Rodriguez
Microsoft SQL Server
Technology Specialist
What You Will See Today
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New and Enhanced Features in
SQL Server 2000, Including
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Multiple instances
XML
Cascading RI
Replication
Analysis Services and Data Mining
Agenda
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Product Roadmap
Installation/Upgrade
Administration/Tools
Engine Enhancements
XML Support
Replication
Analysis Services
Desktop and Windows CE
SQL Server 2000
A Major Release
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XML support
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SELECT … FOR XML
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OpenXML
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XML Views
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XML Updategrams
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XML View Mapper
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XML Bulk Load
URL and HTTP db access
HTTP access to cubes
Multi-instance support
Integrated Data Mining
Full-Text Search in formatted
docs
English Query for the Web
C2 security rating (NSA)
Installation disk imaging
Active Directory integration
Self-management and tuning
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Distributed Partitioned Views
Log Shipping
Parallel CREATE INDEX
Parallel scan
Parallel DBCC
Failover clustering
Failover cluster management
32 CPU SMP system support
64 GB RAM support
VI SAN support
Indexed views
ROLAP dimension storage
Distributed Partitioned Cubes
Online index reorganization
Differential backup
User-defined functions
Server-less snapshot backup
SQL Query Analyzer debugger
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New data types
Column-level collations
Virtual Cube Editor
Linked cubes
MDX Builder
Dimensions
Security in Analysis
Services
OLAP Actions
Custom rollups
Cascading referential
integrity and actions
INSTEAD OF triggers
Indexes on
computed columns
Queued replication
DTS enhancements
Online reorg
Copy Database Wizard
SQL Server
Product Roadmap
Since RTM
CY2002
SQLXML 1.0
 XML Updategrams
 XML Bulk Load
Driver for JDBC
XML View Mapper 1.0
SQL Server CE 2.0
Web Services Toolkit
SQL Server “Yukon”
2003
Programmability
 Deep XML support
 Common Language
Runtime integration
Service Pack 1
Notification Services
Scalability
 Self-tuning
SQLXML 2.0
SQL Server 2000
64-bit
Availability
 Online operations
Service Pack 2
Business Intelligence
 End to End data
warehousing
Installation/Upgrade
Multi-Instances
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Default Instances
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Multi-Instances
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Prior versions of SQL Server
Multi-instance is a paradigm
A named instance is an installation
SQL Server 2000 Setup Can Create a
Default Instance and Named Instances
Installation/Upgrade
Instances
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Default
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Only one active
Version switch
Named
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All instances
can be active
{
SQL Server 6.5
SQL Server 7.0 or 2000
SQL Server 2000
SQL Server 2000
SQL Server 2000
Up to
15
SQL Server 2000
Installation/Upgrade
A “Default” Instance
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A “Default” Instance
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Looks like SQL Server 7.0 did
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Has an MSSQLServer and
SQLServerAgent service
Registry keys are basically the same
 HKLM/SW/Microsoft/MSSQLServer
Connects to the server with just the
server name
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osql -E -Sservername
Installation/Upgrade
“Named” Instances
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A “Named” Instance
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Additional SQL Server service on the same
computer
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Services reflect the instance name
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MSSQL$SQL2000, SQLAgent$SQL2000
Registry keys reflect the name
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For example, connect to instance “SQL2000”
 osql -E -Sservername\SQL2000
HKLM/software/Microsoft/Microsoft SQL
Server/SQL2000
File path reflects the name
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C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL
Server\MSSQL$SQL2000
Installation/Upgrade
Failover Clustering Installation
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Improvements Over Prior Versions of
SQL Server
No External Wizard
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Cluster Management
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“Just Click Next”
Add and remove nodes
Multiple IP addresses
Multiple virtual servers – each with a single
instance
No Unclustering in SQL Server 2000
Service Packs
Installation/Upgrade
Upgrade Strategies
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Versions Earlier than SQL Server 6.5
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SQL Server 6.5
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Migrate to SQL Server 6.5, install
SQL Server 2000, and then use the
SQL Server 2000 Upgrade wizard
Install SQL Server 2000 and then use the
SQL Server 2000 Upgrade wizard
SQL Server 7.0
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Use the SQL Server 2000 setup program
Administration/Tools
SQL Enterprise Manager
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UI Support For
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Attach / Detach database
Offline database
Column-level permission (new to SQL
Server 2000)
Server Network utility
Register server using AD browser
Copy Database Wizard
Visual Data Tools Full Unicode Support
Cluster-Aware, Incl. Service Manager
Administration/Tools
Copy Database Wizard
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Allows DBA to Copy or Move
Databases Between SQL Server
Computers or SQL Server Instances
Move or Copy 1 or N Database(s)
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From SQL Server 7.0 / 2000 to 2000
Copy and resolve logins if not present on
destination
Optionally copy global namespace
objects from master, error messages and
jobs from msdb
Restartable Operations
Administration/Tools
Data Transformation Services
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Multi-Phase Data Pump (Package / Step
Restart Ability, Aggregation)
DTS Package – Save as VB
Support for Run-Time Parameters
Improved Usability / Performance
New Custom Tasks
New Custom Transformations
Administration/Tools
SQL Query Analyzer
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Increased Usability / Authoring
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Multiple result sets to grid
Editor enhancements
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Object Browser
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Block indent, block comment out
Bookmarks in editor
Drag / drop scripting, editing
Open Table (table editor)
Extended Property Editor
Browser docked left or right in shell
Object Search
Templates and Parameter Search / Replace
Administration/Tools
SQL Query Analyzer
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Integrated Statement Tracing
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Complete Integration of Tuning Wizard
Instead of Index Analysis
Client Statistics (Client-Side Performance
Counters)
Shortcut Queries
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Basic statement, duration, CPU, I/O
Assign SPs, XPs, short SQL Statements to predefined key combinations
Alt + F1, Ctrl + F1, Ctrl + 1 … 0
Custom Commands
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Basic shell out like Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0
Command-line version control integration
Administration/Tools
SQL Query Analyzer
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Open Table with Updateable Grid
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Integrated T-SQL Debugger
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Need PK or unique index on table, using
server-side keyset cursor
Stored procedure debugging
Global, local variables, call stack
Version-Dependent and Case-Sensitive
Color Coding for SQL Server 6.5, 7.0,
and 2000
Manage Indexes, Index Distribution
Information
Administration/Tools
Index Tuning Wizard
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Added Support for Indexed Views and
Indexes on Computed Columns
Projected Volumes (Via Scaling Factor)
Index Analysis in Query Analyzer
Replaced With Full Index Tuning
Wizard
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Works on current script file or
Highlighted selection within script
Display Indexes to Be Deleted on
Recommendation Page
Administration/Tools
Auditing
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Driven by C2 Security
Implemented Using SQL Trace
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File roll-over on size
Shut down SQL Server when out of space
SQL Profiler can be used to read audit
trail
No separate auditing UI in this release
C2 auditing via switch on the server
exec sp_configure 'c2 audit mode',1
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Finer-level granularity available via auto
starting traces
Administration/Tools
SQL Profiler
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Trace Templates
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Replaces Create Trace wizard and Trace
definitions saved in the Registry
Canned scenario-based traces, like DeadLock, Replay, Tuning, Stored Procedure
(steps), etc.
Support Server-Side Trace File
Creation
Table and File as Trace Destination
Support for Large Traces / Replays
Administration/Tools
Scripting Options
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SQL-DMO
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Introduced in SQL Server 6.0 (SQL OLE)
Abstract server changes
WMI (Windows Management
Instrumentation)
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Core component of Windows 2000 and
available for all other Windows platforms
“The Way” to manage everything
SQL Server is just one of many providers
Administration/Tools
Active Directory Integration
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Service Publication for SQL Server
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Domain-Wide “Locator” Service
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1. Directory lookup
2. Location transparency – “HR” Server
Generic AD SQL Server Browser UI
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“What SQL Servers are on the network?”
Objectives
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Also Databases, Replication Publications
Integrated within all management tools
Schema Ships with Windows 2000
Administration/Tools
DEMO 2: Administration Tools
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Enterprise Manager
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Active Directory
Copy Database wizard
Query Analyzer
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Object browser, object search
Templates
Debugger
Agenda
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Installation/Upgrade
Administration/Tools
Engine Enhancements
XML Support
Replication
Analysis Services
Desktop and Windows CE
Engine Enhancements
Cascaded DRI
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Automatic Cascading of Deletes and
Updates from PK to FK Tables
ANSI Standard Restrict and Cascade
Semantics
CREATE TABLE country (
country_name NVARCHAR(75) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY )
CREATE TABLE employee (
employee_name NVARCHAR(75) NOT NULL,
country NVARCHAR(75) NOT NULL REFERENCES country
ON UPDATE CASCADE
ON DELETE NO ACTION,
passport_number VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (nationality, passport_number))
Engine Enhancements
User-Defined Functions
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Multi-Statement T-SQL Routines
Scalar-Valued
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Select f(c1) …
Select … where f2(c2)
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Usable in any expression (Order By, Group By..)
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Table-Valued (Also Called Relational)
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Strongly Typed Input Args with Return Value
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Select c1 from f(arg)…
No output parameters
Inline Relational Functions
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Effectively a parameterized view
Engine Enhancements
Scalar UDF Example
CREATE FUNCTION ExtractNamePart(@InName varchar(100),
@part tinyint)
RETURNS varchar(30) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @offset tinyint
SET @offset = charindex(' ', @InName)
RETURN CASE @part
WHEN 1 THEN substring(@InName, 1, @offset-1)
WHEN 2 THEN substring(@InName,@offset+1,
len(@InName))
ELSE NULL
END
END
Engine Enhancements
Column-Level Collations
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Multilingual Applications,
Application Hosting, and Server
Consolidation
Per-Database Collations
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Per-Column Collations
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Multiple apps with different collations
Deeper multi-lingual applications
Attach and Restore Databases with
Different Collations from Server
Full Backward-Compatibility
Engine Enhancements
Instead-Of Triggers
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Trigger Executed Instead of INSERT,
DELETE, or UPDATE Operation
Application
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Allows any view to be updateable
Implement before triggers
Supported on View or Table
Inserted / Deleted Tables Available
Engine Enhancements
New Data Types
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BigInt
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SQL_Variant
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Can store any base type (except LOB)
Can be used to implement an open schema
Table
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8-byte integer
Return type for table-valued UDFs
Allows easier programming of iterative
operations
Rowversion (new alias for TimeStamp)
bigint Data Type
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8 byte integer
-263 (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through
263-1 ( 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
Example:
DECLARE @MyBigintVar bigint
SET @ MyBigintVar = 97876908907
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sysindexes.rowcount is now a bigint rather than
binary(8)
sql_variant Data Type
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Can store any of the base SQL Server types except
BLOB data or timestamp
Similar to VB variant data type
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A single column, parameter, or variable storing data values
of different data types
Each instance stores two items:
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Data value
Metadata describing the value
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Base data type, scale, precision, and collation
Maximum length is 8016 bytes
sysproperties.value is the only system table
sql_variant column
table Data Type
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Can ONLY be used to define:
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Includes definitions of:
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Local variables
The return value of a user-defined function
Columns, their data type, precision, and scale
Optional PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, and CHECK constraints
New way to work with temporary result sets
Can be used to replace temporary tables
Scope is the batch, stored procedure, or function
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Not affected by transaction rollback or commit
Using table Data Type vs.
Temporary Table
Multi-session
Recompile
overhead
Transaction /
Logging
Indexes
Temporary Table
Entire session from
CREATE
Global temporary tables
Each DDL reference in
sp
Same as permanent
tables
No limitations
Insert / Exec
Yes
Select Into
Index Statistics
Stored in tempdb
Yes
Yes
Yes
Scope
table Variable
Batch, sp, or function
only
No
None
Only for duration of
statement
Only indexes for PK,
Unique
No, but function can
return table
No
No
Yes
rowversion Data Type
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Synonym / Replacement for timestamp
Otherwise currently identical to timestamp
From BOL:
The Transact-SQL timestamp data type is not the same as the timestamp data
type defined in the SQL-92 standard. The SQL-92 timestamp data type is
equivalent to the Transact-SQL datetime data type.
A future release of Microsoft® SQL Server™ may modify the behavior of the
Transact-SQL timestamp data type to align it with the behavior defined in the
standard. At that time, the current timestamp data type will be replaced with a
rowversion data type.
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 introduces a rowversion synonym for the
timestamp data type. Use rowversion instead of timestamp wherever possible
in DDL statements. rowversion is subject to the behaviors of data type
synonyms. For more information, see Data Type Synonyms.
In a CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement, you do not have to supply a
column name for the timestamp data type:
CREATE TABLE ExampleTable (PriKey int PRIMARY KEY, timestamp)
If you do not supply a column name, SQL Server generates a column name of
timestamp. The rowversion data type synonym does not follow this behavior.
You must supply a column name when you specify rowversion.
Engine Enhancements
Partitioned View Enhancements
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Partitioned View: A View of the Form
SELECT C1, C2,…, Cn FROM T1
UNION ALL
SELECT C1, C2,…, Cn FROM T2
UNION ALL
....
SELECT C1, C2,…, Cn FROM Tn
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Where T1,… Tn have disjoint constraints
on C2
Engine Enhancements
Indexes on Computed Columns
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Computed Columns Were
Introduced in SQL Server 7.0
SQL Server 2000 Allows You to
Create Indexes on Computed
Columns
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The expression defining the computed
column must be DETERMINISTIC
Certain SET options must be specified
Engine Enhancements
Indexes on Views
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Defining an Index on a View
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A.k.a., Materialized views
The view may be a join, an aggregation, or
their combination
Once the index is created, the contents of
the view are persisted
The index is maintained automatically, as
with any other index
The optimizer may use the index on a view
even if the view is not directly referenced
in the query
XML Support
XML Query Results
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SQL Language Extension
SELECT…
FROM…
WHERE…
ORDER BY…
FOR XML (raw |
auto [, ELEMENTS] |
explicit)
[, XMLData]
[, BINARY base64])
XML Support
FOR XML – Raw Mode
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One <Row> Element Per Row in the
Result Set
No Nested Elements
Columns / Values in the Result Set
Are Attributes / Values on the
<Row>
Similar to CSV but in XML Format
XML Support
FOR XML – Auto Mode
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Table / View Name in the Database Used
for the Element Name
Column Names Used for Attributes
Supports Nested XML Output
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Nesting determined by ordering of
columns in SELECT clause
Sibling relationships not supported
Change Names Using Table and Column
Aliases
XML Support
FOR XML – Explicit Mode
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Provides Complete Control Over Format
of XML Result
Columns Can Be Individually Mapped to
Attributes or Sub-Elements
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Supports arbitrary nesting
Sibling relationships supported
Collapses / Hoists Hierarchy
Constructs ID/IDREF Relationships
CDATA Sections in XML Output
Stores XML Annotations
XML Support
OpenXML
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Used with T-SQL Stored Procedures
Provides a Relational View on XML
Specifies Row and Column Selectors
Using an XPath
Supports
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Attribute and element-centric mappings
XML annotation / overflow column
Hierarchy support
XML Support
HTTP Access – URL Types
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URL Query
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Direct Query
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http://server/vroot/dbobject/xpath
Template
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http://server/vroot?sql=“…”
http://server/vroot/vname?params
XML View
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http://server/vroot/vname/xpath?params
SQL XML 3.0
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Web services (SOAP) support
Web services support offers SQL Server functionality to the
client
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XML views using annotated XSD schemas
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can send SOAP HTTP requests to the server that is running
SQLXML to execute
stored procedures
user-defined functions (UDFs)
XML templates
Create XML views of relational data by using annotated XML
Schema Definition language (XSD) schemas.
Client-side XML formatting In SQL Server 2000
Data access components
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SQLXMLOLEDB Provider This OLE DB provider supports clientside and server-side XML formatting of the rowsets that are
generated by SQL Server.
SQLXML Managed Classes exposes the functionality of SQLXML
within the Microsoft .NET Framework.
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can write a C# application to access XML data from an instance of SQL
Server, bring the data into the .NET environment, process the data, and
then send the data back in a XML document (the DiffGram) to apply the
updates to SQL Server.
DiffGrams - DataSet component of the Microsoft .NET Framework.
Replication
General Enhancements
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Attach and Go Subscriptions
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Copy a subscription database data file
Attach it and get a new subscription
Much easier to package and deploy
subscriptions
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In SQL Server 7.0 – each subscriber had to first
create a database for its subscription
Also acts as a container to make it easy to
create and deploy non-replicated objects
Replication
Schema Replication
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Add / Drop Column
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Automatically added to published articles
Supported by replication stored procedures
No need to Drop/Add publications because
a new column is added to a table
One of the top requests today
On-Demand Script Execution
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Post a general SQL script for execution
at all subscribers
Analysis Services
Dimension Architecture: Manageability
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No Re-Processing Required For
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Modifying slowly
changing dimensions
Changing the number of levels
Adding virtual dimensions
Support for Hierarchies in
Virtual Dimensions
Support for Very Large Dimensions
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Use ROLAP for > 10M members
Use automatic bucketing
Analysis Services
Dimension Architecture: Completeness
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Ragged and Unbalanced Hierarchies
Custom Roll-ups
Write-Back to Dimensions
Easy to Define and Maintain Multiple
Hierarchies in a Dimension
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Multiple hierarchies now used in
designing aggregations
128 Dimensions Per Cube
128 Levels Per Dimensions - 256 Per
Cube
Analysis Services
Security
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Authentication Mode
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Windows NT integrated
Using Internet Information Server
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Cell Security
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Declare any set of cell ranges in the cube as
protected
Dimension Member Security
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Windows NT challenge/response; Anonymous; SSL
Hide parts (or all) of the dimension members
“Shrinks” the multi-dimensional space
Intuitive Visual Tools to Define Security
Permissions
Analysis Services
Data Mining Definition
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Deducing Knowledge by Examining Data
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“Knowledge” = patterns, clusters, rules,
decision trees, association rules
“Examining data” = scanning samples of
known facts about “cases”
Once the “Knowledge” Is Extracted, It Is
Used To
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Make predictions about new data
Explain existing data
Visualize data to aid humans
Analysis Services
Data Mining Process Illustrated
Training Data
DM
Engine
Mining Model
Mining Model
Mining Model
Data
to Predict
DM
Engine
Predicted Data
Analysis Services
English Query Integration
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English Query Is a Component of
SQL Server
Engine
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Translates English to SQL or MDX
Modeling Tool
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Development environment for defining
semantics of a database (entities and
relationships)
Now integrated with the Visual Studio shell
Analysis Services
Internet Support on Client
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Uses HTTP to Pass Through Firewalls
Uses IIS to Provide Authentication Over
the Internet
Great Scalability – Middle Tier Is Not a
Bottleneck
Supports a “Thick Client Model” – Pivot
Table Service on Client
“All the power of the client is available”
Analysis Services
HTTP Connectivity: Architecture
P
ConnectionString = “Provider = MSOLAP; T
Data Source = http://www.cubeserver.com; S
…
IIS
OLAP
Server
msolap.asp
“Data server in the sky”
P
T
S
Desktop and Windows CE
What’s New on the Desktop
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Multi-Instance Support
Windows Installer-Based Setup
Same Feature Set As the Server
Version
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T-SQL
XML
DTS
DMO
Replication enhancements
Some Limitations Based on OS
Support (AD, etc.)
Desktop and Windows CE
Windows CE Edition
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Upward-Compatibility with SQL Server
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Bi-Directional Merge Replication
Remote Data Access
Right Footprint Size for Devices
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Same resultsets
Compatible data types
Approximately 1MB
OS Support
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Windows CE 2.11 forward
Questions?
More Resources
msdn.microsoft.com
www.microsoft.com/sql
msdn.microsoft.com/sqlserver
www.microsoft.com/technet/sql
msdn.microsoft.com/xml
www.microsoft.fr/olymars/webupdate.xml