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Objective: To examine the life and presidency of Andrew Jackson… • Andrew Jackson was born in a log cabin in the backwoods of the Carolinas in 1767. • Jackson joined the Patriots during the American Revolution at the age of 13. • At the age of twenty, Jackson moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he eventually becomes a wealthy attorney. Andrew Jackson's First's Entering Public Service • Jackson became the first person from Tennessee to serve in the House of Representatives and he also served as Senator before becoming President in 1828. • As a young general in the army, President James Monroe sent Jackson to protect the border of Florida against the Seminole and Creek Indians. • After defeating the Creeks battle, they began to refer to Jackson as “Sharp Knife” after Jackson forced them to give up lands that had been guaranteed to them in earlier treaties with the U.S. earned the nickname, Hickory” after a soldier • Jackson also gained fame for his“Old military achievements said that wasof“tough as hickory.” during theheWar 1812 leading American forces to victory over the British in the Battle of New Orleans. Battle of NOLA Elections of 1824 and 1828 However, Jackson defeated Adams in the election • Choosing While earning from the theeasily most top three popular votevotes getters, in the the presidential House of of 1828 to become the first President from aenough western state. Representatives election of 1824,selected Jackson John did not Quincy receive Adams to be electoral the sixth votespresident to secureof the the victory. United States. Presidential Candidate John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Henry Clay William H. Crawford Q: Howelectoral many votes A: 131 electoral votestowere were needed win needed to win the the election. election? Electoral Votes 84 99 37 + 41 Popular Votes 108,740 153,544 47,531 40,856 = 261 total electoral votes 130 5 2 26 1.10 Jacksonian Democracy • Jackson was extremely popular with the “common man”, which he considered to be farmers, factory workers and western frontiersmen. • Jackson’s belief in shifting the political power from the wealthy and educated elite to the “common man” was part of what became known as Jacksonian democracy. • However, Jackson’s critics viewed his popularity as a danger sign that his presidency was coming to resemble that of a king. Jacksonian Democracy • As a result, Jackson earned yet another nickname. His opponents called him “King Andrew”, fearing Jackson’s intentions of strengthening the powers of the presidency. Andrew Jackson Overview The Spoils System • Upon assuming the Presidency, Jackson fired over 200 government workers and replaced them with his own Democratic supporters. Andrew Jackson spoils • A supporter of Jackson’s replied to criticism of the president by stating, “To the victor belong the spoils.” Spoils system – practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs • Jackson appointed some of his most dedicated supporters with jobs within his Cabinet, although few of them were qualified for the job. • Instead of relying on his Cabinet for advice, Jackson relied on a small group of unofficial advisors known as the “kitchen cabinet” since Jackson frequently met with them in the White House kitchen. The Bank War • Jackson believed that the Bank of the United States had too much power and served the needs of the rich over those of average Americans. • For example, the Bank of the United States had the ability to limit the amount of money state banks were allowed to lend to small business owners such as farmers and merchants. • Jackson felt particular anger towards the bank’s president, Nicolas Biddle. Jackson and the Bank Henry Clay In theand corner to my right, Nicholas Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, coming in withWebster… aClay… combined total Daniel Henry to THEBiddle! BANK WAR! of 500 pounds, are… Henry Clay Andrew Jackson HEY! Introduce me already or I’ll fight you, too! and “King Andrew” to his And, inman the corner toto my left, “Old his Coming inHickory” at a lean, mean 155 No, the that’s okay. who inspired Introducing the thethe pride ofknown the common man… the man who… detractors. man asJackson! “Sharp admirers… pounds, may I introduce to you… President Democratic Andrew donkey… Knife” to the Creeks… • Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, political enemies of Jackson, devised a plan to exploit Jackson’s hatred of the Bank of the United States to help weaken him before the 1832 presidential election. Hey, Daniel, I’ve to gotget a plan that’s Hello, gentlemen. I Well, first we need the president certain hurtofJackson in 1832 and came as quickly as I of the to Bank the United States, could! finally bring Whig He’ll partyhelp intous. Nicholas Biddlethe in here. power! He and Jackson hate each other! Okay, what have you got? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle • Clay and Webster convinced Nicholas Biddle to submit his application to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States earlier than required. Yes, thank you for coming. Mr. Biddle, I Yeah, the current would like you to submit an application charter isn’t even to renew the charter for the Bank of set to expire soon! the United States. What would that prove? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle Don’t be so short sighted! What do you I don’t know. Veto it? think Jackson will do when you apply to renew the charter? I’m sure that’s exactly what he’ll do. Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle • Clay, Webster and Biddle predicted that Jackson would veto the charter application, angering so many Americans that he would eventually lose his bid for reelection in 1832. Precisely! The American people will be furious with him. He’ll never win Brilliant!! reelection in 1832! (By the way, did I mention that I’m going to run for president in 1832?) By golly, I think it’ll work!! Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle Henry Clay Andrew Jackson VETO! Yes! He fell for it! BANK CHARTER Oh, really? Fat chance! Bring it on, Clay! Bank War Summary (4:24) Yes! The people will be furious and Jackson Oh,Fools! Mr. President! You know Here’s very well the that application I will never win reelection! to never renew accept the charter this! So,for letthe me Bank makeofsure the Hadisappoint ha ha ha….(evil not United to States! you! laugh) • It turns out that Clay, Webster and Biddle underestimated Jackson’s popularity. • Jackson defeated Clay in the election of 1832. • Jackson also succeeded in destroying the Bank of the United States by having it shut down in 1836. Jackson fights the Bank in 1832 (1833 print) The Early Years • Andrew Jackson was born in a log cabin in the backwoods of the Carolinas in 1767. • Jackson joined the Patriots during the American Revolution at the age of 13. • At the age of twenty, Jackson moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he eventually becomes a wealthy attorney. Entering Public Service • Jackson became the first person from Tennessee to serve in the House of Representatives and he also served as Senator before becoming President in 1828. • As a young general in the army, President James Monroe sent Jackson to protect the border of Florida against the Seminole and Creek Indians. • After defeating the Creeks battle, they began to refer to Jackson as “Sharp Knife” after Jackson forced them to give up lands that had been guaranteed to them in earlier treaties with the U.S. • Jackson also gained fame for his military achievements during the War of 1812 leading American forces to victory over the British in the Battle of New Orleans. Elections of 1824 and 1828 • While earning the most popular votes in the presidential election of 1824, Jackson did not receive enough electoral votes to secure the victory. • Choosing from the top three vote getters, the House of Representatives selected John Quincy Adams to be the sixth president of the United States. • However, Jackson easily defeated Adams in the election of 1828 to become the first President from a western state. Jacksonian Democracy •Jackson was extremely popular with the “common man”, which he considered to be farmers, factory workers and western frontiersmen. •Jackson’s belief in shifting the political power from the wealthy and educated elite to the “common man” was part of what became known as Jacksonian democracy. •However, Jackson’s critics viewed his popularity as a danger sign that his presidency was coming to resemble that of a king. • As a result, Jackson earned yet another nickname. His opponents called him “King Andrew”, fearing Jackson’s intentions of strengthening the powers of the presidency. The Spoils System • Upon assuming the Presidency, Jackson fired over 200 government workers and replaced them with his own Democratic supporters. • A supporter of Jackson’s replied to criticism of the president by stating, “To the victor belong the spoils.” • Spoils system – practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs • Jackson appointed some of his most dedicated supporters with jobs within his Cabinet, although few of them were qualified for the job. • Instead of relying on his Cabinet for advice, Jackson relied on a small group of unofficial advisors known as the “kitchen cabinet” since Jackson frequently met with them in the White House kitchen. The Bank War • Jackson believed that the Bank of the United States had too much power and served the needs of the rich over those of average Americans. • For example, the Bank of the United States had the ability to limit the amount of money state banks were allowed to lend to small business owners such as farmers and merchants. • Jackson felt particular anger towards the bank’s president, Nicolas Biddle. • Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, political enemies of Jackson, devised a plan to exploit Jackson’s hatred of the Bank of the United States to help weaken him before the 1832 presidential election. Hey, Daniel, I’ve to gotget a plan that’s Well, first we need the president certain hurtofJackson in 1832 and of the to Bank the United States, finally bring Whig He’ll partyhelp intous. Nicholas Biddlethe in here. power! He and Jackson hate each other! Okay, what have you got? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Hello, gentlemen. I came as quickly as I could! Nicholas Biddle • Clay and Webster convinced Nicholas Biddle to submit his application to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States earlier than required. Yes, thank you for coming. Mr. Biddle, I would like you to submit an application to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States. Yeah, the current charter isn’t even set to expire soon! What would that prove? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle Don’t be so short sighted! What do you think Jackson will do when you apply to renew the charter? I don’t know. Veto it? I’m sure that’s exactly what he’ll do. Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle • Clay, Webster and Biddle predicted that Jackson would veto the charter application, angering so many Americans that he would eventually lose his bid for reelection in 1832. Precisely! The American people will be furious with him. He’ll never win reelection in 1832! (By the way, did I mention that I’m going to run for president in 1832?) Brilliant!! By golly, I think it’ll work!! Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle Henry Clay Andrew Jackson • It turns out that Clay, Webster and Biddle underestimated Jackson’s popularity. • Jackson defeated Clay in the election of 1832. • Jackson also succeeded in destroying the Bank of the United States by having it shut down in 1836. Jackson fights the Bank in 1832 (1833 print)