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Hantavirus- Yosemite K Coleman Starting Question • Have you been outside of the U.S.? What would you worry about when touring outside of the country? Yosemite National Park Tourism • Which biome is this? Yosemite and the dreaded Hantavirus! • 4 min videos • • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUimXBxOn90 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QymvUoPHmas&feature=related • How could it affect tourism? • How could it affect local species? Disease Transmission Cycle • What happens if you take out a chain? Hantavirus • Humans may become infected when they inhale airborne virus or come into direct contact with infected rodents or their urine, feces, or nests • Other mammal species (cats, dogs, coyotes) may be infected through contact with rodent hosts, but they are not known to transmit the virus. Transmission of Hantavirus We could stop the spread of hantavirus by: a. Adding an agent b. Providing a place of entry c. Putting mice closer together d. Removing the method of transmission Hantaviral disease per year Temperature Temperature Which would affect growth of the rodent population? Wind Nutrients Soil Which would affect growth of the rodent population? All of the following are abiotic factors EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. Microorganisms pH Temperature Hantavirus Which of the following levels of biological organization refers to both abiotic and biotic factors? a. b. c. d. Species Population Community Biome Disease Transmission Lab • Grab one cup, write the number (1-6) on a separate piece of paper • One number in particular is infected • Chose an eyedropper and place a small amount in your cup with the matching number of a beaker’s liquid • Walk around the room and talk to a person • When I say “Exchange!” squirt 4 eyedrops full into that person’s cup. Record their number, do not exchange with them again. Repeat twice. • Then sit at the lab tables. Add the indicator to your cup. Are you infected? Disease Transmission Lab Lab Questions for HW: • Were you infected? How could you tell? • Compare and contrast the results of this lab to the disease transmission cycle. • Provide a chart to determine the origins of the disease. Who do you believe was responsible? How could you test your hypothesis? Growth Cycles of Rodents- Histograms We’re interested in how populations of rodents change. Population growth is dependent on the number of births, the number of deaths, and the number of individuals who enter or leave the population. Populations can follow two main patterns of growth: exponential growth and limited growth. What would these represent with rodents? What kinds of conditions? Hantavirus Enzootic Cycle • single primary host • Sin Nombre virus, hosted by the deer mouse • Low transmission with unfavorable environmental conditions • Exponential or limited growth? Logistic or Limited population growth occurs when a population's growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth. The limited availability of resources, as well as predation and disease all limit the size of a population. The maximum number of individuals an environment can support is called its carrying capacity. Epizootic Cycle • virus is maintained and transmitted by host reservoir rodents by aggressive behavior, biting • Exponential or limited growth? Exponential Growth • Favorable mild winters and summer rainfall may cause dramatic increases in rodent populations • Why would more rodents become infected? • Where would they go? • Exponential growth occurs when a population reproduces at a constant rate in the absence of predation and disease as long as resources are unlimited. • Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, as previously mentioned. A bacterial population that reproduces every 20 minutes can grow to a population size of 4.27 x 1020 bacteria in one day. http://www.ryancshaw.com/Files/micro/Animations/BacterialGrowth/PLAY_bacterial_growth.html A population can grow exponentially under ideal conditions. Which of the following would prevent exponential growth from continuing? a. b. c. d. The population is protected from predators. The population is protected from disease. The population runs out of food. Reproduction occurs at a constant rate. Exponential growth does not occur for long in nature, and eventually all population growth slows down. A population's maximum size is referred to as its a. b. c. d. Limiting growth factor Carrying capacity Logistic growth Exponential capacity Pathogenesis Affects on Population Density Affects on Carrying Capacity Density Dependent Factors Density Independent Factors The term habitat describes the specific area - including biotic and abiotic factors - where an organism lives within an ecosystem. An organism's niche is the way it lives and the role it plays in its habitat. A niche includes all aspects of where and how an organism lives including: the type of food it eats how it obtains food where it lives in its environment example: tree, nest, hive, dam, etc. when and how it reproduces If two populations have similar niches, they may have to compete with each other for food or other resources. You and the student next to you cannot sit in the same seat in this classroom, no two species can occupy the same niche in the same environment at the same time. The figure below shows three different species of warblers feeding in different areas of the tree. Each species has its own niche to avoid competition for food. If an organism's habitat is like its home, an organism's niche is most like which of the following? a. b. c. d. Its address Its community Its job Its structure Communities interact in a variety of different ways that enable the organisms within them to establish a niche and shape the ecosystem in which they live. The following are types of interactions within communities: When organisms try to obtain food, water, space, sunlight, and other resources in the same place at the same time, competition occurs. Competition in nature drives biological evolution. The ability to compete for resources is dependent upon whether an organism has adaptations that enable it to thrive in its environment. Trees in this forest are in competition for light. The tall, broad-leafed trees outcompete the smaller trees for sunlight. When organisms try to obtain food, water, space, sunlight, and other resources in the same place at the same time, competition occurs. Competition in nature drives biological evolution. The ability to compete for resources is dependent upon whether an organism has adaptations that enable it to thrive in its environment. Predation occurs when one organism captures and feeds on another organisms. The organism doing the eating is the predator and the organism being eaten is the prey. Predation is a driving factor in co-evolution. The prey evolves to better escape the predator. In turn the predator evolves to better capture the prey. Treatment and Prevention