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Anees C*, and Majumdar A C Reproductive Physiology and ETT Laboratory Division of Physiology and Climatology Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243122 •Corresponding Author: [email protected] Population Explosion Global warming 2050: Projections (2005-07 baseline) • Global consumption of meat- 76% Increase • Global consumption of dairy- 65% increase (Rob Bailey Energy, Environment and Resources - Dec 2014) • Shall we multiply the number of Animals ??? Nitrous oxide CO2 Methane Hostile Climate for Production (Hot and Humid – especially in Kerala, Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal) Few well adapted animals ( Both high producing as well as disease resistant ) Propagation of these well adapted animals by Totipotent Stem cell cloning / Culture - Concept paper (Majumdar 2005) Oocyte and embryo like structures including blastocyst like structure developed from pluripotent stem cell (Majumdar et al 2002) Mouse embryonic stem cells formed oocytes, embryo and blastocyst like structure (Hubner et al 2003, Science) 1. To develop embryo like structures from Totipotent stem cells (Goat Model) 2. To study the further development of embryo like structure if any, in recipient • In vitro fertilization (As per standard procedure in the laboratory Anees 2007) • Isolation of totipotent stem cells (Standard protocol , Swain et al 2002) • Culturing of these cells to develop embryo like structures The Concept of Superior Quality Animal multiplication Blastomeres In vitro Embryos Embryo like structure Superior Quality Animal ELS has the potential to become an animal Selection of good quality ELS from culture Surgical Transfer of these ‘embryos’ to synchronous recipient Evaluation of development Immature oocytes Mature oocytes 8-16 cell embryos Embryo Like Structures (ELS) Blastocyst like structures Cells hatching out of ELS Hubner et al 2003 Relative expression of development related genes in Embryo like structures (24 nos) in comparison to 24 number of IVF derived 8 cell stage embryos and 3 number of IVF derived 8 cell stage embryos. 6.00 5.00 fold changes 4.00 8 cell Oct-04 8 cell Nanog 3.00 8 cell Sox 2 8 cell, 24 Oct-04 2.00 8 cell, 24 Nanog 8 cell, 24 Sox 2 1.00 0.00 TELS Biol.incu culture condition PELS • ANEES cardiomyocites KSC.avi Characterized using marker gene NKx 2.5 • Two out of the three recipients returned to heat 21days post estrus • One recipient returned to next cycle 28 days post estrus • Further investigations are on Embryo Like Structures were developed from totipotent stem cell culture They had similar but lower gene expression compared to IVF Embryos Further investigation is required to improve the cell size and to produce live animal from these cells Generation of ELS and its development can address the environmental challenges