Download 214_no2 - BRE Projects

Pfizer Office Building
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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information...
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Building presentation (1...)
The Pfizer
building

Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
The Pfizer office building is situated in the suburbs just south of Oslo.
The building was built in 1982, and it has 3070 m² office area spread
over three floors. The company has about 80 employees.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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3070 m² floor area
80 employees
Building presentation (2|)
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building


Specific design
issue
The building is well-equipped and insulated to a high standard.
The ventilation system is cheap and simple in comparison to other
modern Norwegian office buildings.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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FRONT VIEW
Specific design issue
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue

The owner wanted a simple, low-budget mechanical extract
system with air supply through grills in the external walls.

This system of mechanical extraction and natural supply is
uncommon in modern office buildings in Norway, because the
system is considered to cause draught problems.

To reduce draught problems, the air inlet grilles are placed
behind panel heaters.

The occupants can control the temperature individually be
adjusting thermostats on the panel heaters.

Moreover, the occupants can individually open the windows
to control the ventilation level in summertime.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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The building concept (1...)
The Pfizer
building

External walls with wooden,
insulated (10 cm) framework and a
brick cladding on the outside

Roof construction pre-cast
concrete elements covered with 15
cm insulation.

The office is of medium-weight
construction. It has exposed
ceilings, but light internal walls and
external cladding outside the
insulation.

Clear, double-glazed panes in the
windows

External manually controlled
venetian blinds for sun protection
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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The building concept (2...)
The Pfizer
building
natural supply - mechanical extraction
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Main extract duct
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
Inlet behind
panel heater
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Sound
attenuation
Major findings
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Filter
Extract
grille
Corridor with
suspended
ceiling
The building concept (3|)
natural supply - mechanical extraction
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue


Building concept
Room heating is based on panel
heaters
Air supply grilles are combined
with the heating elements
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings

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Draught problems are avoided
NATURAL SUPPLY
behind
HEATING ELEMENT
Monitoring set-up
The Pfizer
building

Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
The indoor climate was monitored in several offices on the 1st and 3rd
floors during the winter (4 to12 February) and during the summer (June,
July and August) with more extensive measurements 20 to 28 August.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
W3
S4
S3
Monitoring
results
W4
S2
S1 W1
W2
Major findings
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W = winter monitoring
S = summer monitoring
Winter monitoring (1...)
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
temperatures in room W3 (West)
The indoor temperature is quite high (24°C). This explains partly the high energy
consumption in the building
30
1200
Specific design
issue
Tint.
25
1000
Building concept
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Temperature (°C)
The winter
monitoring
15
800
CO2
concentration
600
Weekend: no
occupation
10
400
Text.
5
200
0
0
Major findings
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05/02
06/02
07/02
08/02
09/02
11/02
12/02
-5
-200
-10
-400
CO2 -concentration (ppm)
20
Monitoring setup
Winter monitoring (2|)
Energy use
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building

The indoor air temperature is too high in some parts of the building.
Lower temperatures would result in significant energy savings.
Specific design
issue
Building concept

Ventilation:
The ventilation rates during office hours are adequate: the CO2 concentration is not too high (max.= 1000ppm / limit = 1200ppm).
However the ventilation is not very well controlled:
 The ventilation system is not turned off outside offices hours.
 Many of the offices are not occupied during office hours.
 A lot of the ventilation losses could be avoided by time- and
presence controlled ventilation.
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
More
information...
Heating:

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These factors explain the high energy use in the building (230 to 270
kWh/m²).
Summer monitoring (1...)
temperatures in room S4 (West)
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
The indoor temperature is very high (max.30°C), while the maximum outside temp. is only
25°C. The indoor temperature stays high for a long period, while the outside temperature
drops to a lower level. This is because the building has a lot of thermal mass which has
stocked a lot of heat during the preceding warm period.
1050
35
Building concept
Tint.
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
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25
Temperature (°C)
Monitoring
results
CO2
concentration
20
750
Weekend: no
occupation
Tint.
Text.
Weekend: no
occupation
15
Text.
10
600
450
CO2
concentration
300
5
150
0
0
18/08
19/08
20/08
21/08
22/08
23/08
24/08
25/08
26/08
27/08
CO2 (ppm)
Monitoring setup
The summer
monitoring
900
30
Summer monitoring (2...)
thermal comfort - solutions
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
The problem of overheating could be solved by:

1. Reducing the solar heat gain. This can be achieved by:
 Improving the use of the external Venetian blinds. Currently, the
blinds are only used sporadically; many offices are empty during
office hours. An automatic control could solve this problem.
 Install new solar control windows

2. Improved ventilation - In summertime, the thermal mass of the
building can be cooled down by intensive ventilation, especially at night,
when outside temperatures are low. This could be achieved by:
 Installing a more powerful extract fan for night ventilation or by...
 Ensuring cross-ventilation during the night, through open windows.
To date this has not been introduced for reasons of security. Installing
large burglar-proof ventialtion grilles in the façade could be a
solution.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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information...
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Summer monitoring (3|)
thermal comfort - solutions
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building

Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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information...
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3. Reduction of internal gains
 Lighting is one of the most important internal loads in office buildings
(often up to 30% of all internal gains and more).
 In this building the heat loads from lighting can be minimised by
 installing modern luminaries with high frequency ballast. One unit
can achieve 400 lux levels with only 8-10 W/m² of installed power.
(Classical designs may represent a thermal charge of up to 20 to
25 W/m².)
 further reductions in heat gains from lighting could be achieved by
use of automatic switching control in function of the daylight level.
Monitoring results
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building

Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
More
information...
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building”
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Some main conclusions from the monitoring:
 The offices have problems with overheating in summer
 There are few complaints concerning draughts
 There are only short periods when CO2 concentrations are high
Major findings
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building

Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
More
information...
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building”
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This simple, low-budget ventilation system can perform
adequately in office buildings, both in terms of indoor air
quality and energy use. However, to function properly in this
particular building, several improvement would have to be
made to the system:

reduction of internal and solar heat gain

improved night ventilation during warm periods

better temperature control during winter

systematic reduced ventilation in unoccupied offices
during the heating season
More information...
The Pfizer
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\no2summ.pdf
 global presentation of the buildings (4p./building)
 contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\no2det.pdf
 detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign)
 contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
Major findings
More
information...
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building”
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You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader
®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR
run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory
\Installation