Download 213_no1 - BRE Projects

The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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information...
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Ullevål hospital Administration Building
Building presentation (1...)
The Ullevål
building

Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
The administration building of Ullevål hospital was completed in 1924.
The building
has 4area
storeys. There are about 160 employees in the
3500
m² floor
building, occupied mainly office type work in the 120 cellular offices.
160 employees

The building is situated in the centre of Oslo, with a busy road just in
front of the building and a garden at the rear side.
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
3500 m ² floor area
The summer
monitoring
160 employees
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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Building presentation (2|)
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building

Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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information...
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Building characteristics:
 All main building are of masonry
or concrete constructions
 The building has a high thermal
mass: exposed ceilings, heavy
internal walls….
 No heat insulation (old building)
 Coupled windows (two panes of
single glazing), which are old and
leaky
 Manually controlled awnings and
Venetian blinds for sun protection
 Generally large rooms, with room
height of 3,3 m
Specific design issue
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building

Specific design
issue
The building design is typical for its period (1920 to 30):

Ventilation system - The building has a passive stack
ventilation system, with vertical shafts from each office.

Ventilation control - The occupants can not really control the
ventilation. The ventilation openings of the passive stack
system are not adjustable. (The occupants can only control
the openable windows).

Heating system - The heating system is based on hot water
circulating in radiators below the windows

Heating control - The occupants control the temperature
individually by adjusting valves on the radiators.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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The building concept (1...)
Passive stack ventilation
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building
Chimney
Chimney
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Main duct
Attic
Attic
Main
duct
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Offices
Offices
Monitoring
results
Major findings
Offices
Stack
ducts
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Offices
Offices
Air flow
Air extract grilles are located high
on back wall in each office
The grilles are connected to
vertical extract shafts in the walls
The building concept (2|)
Passive stack ventilation
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Air supply
Remark: The air
supplies have low
noise attenuation
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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Monitoring set-up
The Ullevål
building

Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The indoor climate was monitored several offices in 1st and
3rd floor in a winter period (12 to 21 February) and a summer
period (28.8 to 5.9.1997).
W = winter monitoring
S = summer monitoring
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
W3
S1 S2
W1 W2
Major findings
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information...
S3 S4
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W4
Winter monitoring (1...)
measurements in office W2 (South)
40
Presentation of
the building
35
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
More
information...
Temperature (°C) / flow rate (l/s.m²),
Specific design
issue
1100
30
1000
25
900
Tint.
20
800
15
700
10
600
0
12/2
-5
CO2
concentration
Weekend: no
occupation
5
500
400
13/2
14/2
15/2
16/2
17/2
18/2
19/2
20/2
300
-10
200
Text.
-15
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1200
The indoor temperature is mostly acceptable. It is sometimes too high
(>25°C). This due to the control system of the radiator: ordinary valves
instead of thermostatic valves.
-20
NatVent
100
The Indoor Air Quality is acceptable: the CO2 -concentrations are
never higher than the limit of 1200 ppm.
0
CO2 -concentration (ppm)
The Ullevål
building
Winter monitoring (2|)
conclusions
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue


Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results

Major findings
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At first sight the ventilation rates seem to be adequate: the IAQ is
acceptable.
However,
 People complain about drauhgts. This problem is due to the poor
performance of the inlet openings.
 Moreover, neither the inlet openings in the exterior walls, nor the
extraction openings to the chimneys can be adjusted. Hence the
ventilation is continuous. This causes unnecessary ventilation and
ventilation losses when the offices are unoccupied.
The energy use in the building is quite high (170 to 220 kWh/m² for room
heating). This could be reduced by:
 Placing a new temperature control system with thermostats
 Placing new air thight windows
 Placing radiators with modern heating elements
 Placing controllable ventilation inlet openings (to reduce ventilation
losses).
Summer monitoring (1...)
measurements in office S3 (North)
30
1400
Presentation of
the building
Tint.
Specific design
issue
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Temp. (°C) / Flow rate (l/s.m²),
Building concept
1200
25
Major findings
1000
20
Text.
800
15
600
10
Weekend: no
occupation
CO2
concentration
400
Flow rate
5
200
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0
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28/8
0
29/8
30/8
31/8
1/9
2/9
2/9
3/9
The indoor temperature is quite high (27°C): the room faces North and
the maximum outdoor temperature is only 25°C
CO2 (ppm)
The Ullevål
building
Summer monitoring (2...)
conclusions
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Thermal comfort:

The internal temperatures are too high. The offices on the South side of
the building have particular overheating problems.
Building concept
Monitoring setup
Ventilation:

The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings


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The ventilation rate (4ACH) is much lower than in winter time. This is
normal: the driving force, the temperature difference between outside
and inside, is much lower.
Hence the IAQ is lower than in winter time: the CO2 -concentration
often exceeds the limit of 1200 ppm. People complain about the IAQ in
summertime.
Moreover the air changes are certainly far too low to cool down the
thermal mass of the building.
Summer monitoring (3|)
reduction of heat load
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building

Specific design
issue
In order to reduce heat loads in summer and keep temperatures
down a number of improvements could be made:
 Installation of new windows with automatic solar control
Building concept

Installation of new, energy efficient lighting equipment (i.g. HF
neon tubes), possibly with automatic control for daylight
compensation. Reducing the internal gains has a positive effect
on the summer comfort.

Increasing the ventilation. The thermal mass of the building can
be cooled down by means of intensive ventilation. As the stack
effect in summertime is too low, intensive ventilation could be
introduced by installing an assisting extract fan. This fan could be
switched on whenever Tint goes above a critical limit and Tint >
Text.
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
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Monitoring results
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building

The main conclusions from the monitoring programme are:

Specific design
issue

Building concept

Monitoring setup

The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results

The air flow rates are acceptable in winter: the IAQ is acceptable.
However they can’t be decreased outside the office hours.
The air flow rates in the summer are too low: the IAQ is no longer
acceptable and the air flow rate are too low to cool down the building.
The offices have problems with overheating in summer
Air inlet grilles can cause draught and noise problems
The current ventilation system has shortcomings. Possible
improvements:
Major findings
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 Install new grilles in the façades with filter and sound attenuation
 Install an assisting, central extract fan with ductwork in existing ducts to
realise intensive ventilation during the summer
 Install new automatically controlled solar shading devices.
Major findings
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building

This building is one of very few large office buildings in Norway that is
still is equipped with a traditional, Scandinavian, passive stack
ventilation system. As such, the building is of interest to NATVENT.

Unfortunately, the building has technical shortcomings concerning
inlet grilles, windows, heating system and general furnishing. The
building in its present state is not ideal, this has been confirmed by the
measurements and the questionnaire data.

However, it is of interest to see that the stack ventilation system can
ensure a sufficient air flow rate during the heating season. Further,
significant improvements to the ventilation of the building could be
achieved simply by placing new advanced inlet grilles and an assisting
extract fan system.
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Major findings
More
information...
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building”
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More information...
The Ullevål
building
Presentation of
the building
Specific design
issue
Building concept
Monitoring setup
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Monitoring
results
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\no1summ.pdf
 global presentation of the buildings (4p./building)
 contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\no1det.pdf
 detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign)
 contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
Major findings
More
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You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader
®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR
run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory
\Installation