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WIRELESS TRANSFORMER TESTING THROUGH MICROCONTROLLER AIM: This project is mainly developed on the basis to help Electricity Board department by identifying the fault in Transformer (automatically). PROJECT DESCRIPTION: There are some possibilities of fault in EB transformer. There is a possibility of increase in temperature, coolant oil leakage, and short circuit in EB transformer which are all very harmful to the transformers health. Hence these parameters should be monitored continuously to avoid those kinds of harmful situations and to product the transformer by which we can save large amount of money also. The EB department is a huge network and it has a lot of grids transformers and other networks connected to it throughout the country, thus making it one of the important sectors for the country. And there are many users for this as it is an important resource for everyone in the country, and the employers are maintaining a huge set of data and electricity and will be knowing through which the whole grid runs and powers up the country. So maintaining this whole grid makes a big problem for the employers and they will not know in which area a fault has occurred whether in the transformer or any other unit, so this project is mainly designed to control the fault detection of any transformer in any part in the sector. Thus making this project an important format of checking the transformers throughout the country and replacing it if there is a problem in the transformer unit. WORKING PRINCIPLE: Our project is designed for monitor the parameters like temperature, oil level and short circuit for that we are using PIC 16F877A controller. Here controller is used for controlling the parameters and each and every part of the system. Temperature sensor is used to monitor the continues change in temperature and oil level sensor is used to find the coolant oil level which is a precious factor in transformer circuit to reduce the temperature of the transformer whenever it increases beyond the limit. Short circuit is another important factor in the transformer system when the short circuit occurs in the transmission line, it will directly affects the transformer it spoils the whole transformer system. Hence we have a separate system for short circuit production. We also have another part called as motor section which is immersed in coolant oil. The speed of the motor is inversely proportional to the density of the coolant oil. Whenever the density of the coolant oil increases the speed of the motor will decrease automatically and vice versa. Thus we can find the density of the oil according to that we can also find the life of the coolant oil. This system has an another advantage that is current transformer by using which we can find the amount of the power consumed by the customer if the amount if power increased our system automatically cut of the power supply thus we can save the power. These monitored data are continuously send to the control room though ZIGBEE TRANSCEIVER which reduces the man power largely. It has a TRANSCEIVER section. Transmitter section is located in the transformer section and the receiver section is in the EB office. So whatever the problem occurred in the Transformer, it will send the message to the Receiver unit (i.e., EB office). LCD display is used to display the characters. What is the problem occurred in the transformer side, it will display. So the user can understand easily. Thus this circuit is mainly designed to interface the unit with the computer and then to store the data in it. COMPONENTS USED: PIC 16F877A TEMPERATURE SENSOR OIL LEAKAGE SENSOR OIL LEVEL SENSING LCD DISPLAY BUZZER RF COMMUNICATION Distribution Transformer Block: Temperature Sensor - LM 35 Power Supply Oil Level Sensing RF Transmitter 433.8MHz PIC Microcontroller PIC 16F 877A Oil Leakage Sensing Current Transformer Relay Driving Section Output Load 2 X 16 LCD Display Shot Circuit Hand Hold Meter Block: RF Receiver 433.8 MHz Power Supply PIC Microcontroller 16F 877A Alert Buzzer 2 X 16 LCD Display BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION: POWER SUPPLY: An AC powered unregulated power supply usually uses a transformer to convert the voltage from the wall outlet (mains) to a different, nowadays usually lower, voltage. If it is used to produce DC, a rectifier is used to convert alternating voltage to a pulsating direct voltage, followed by a filter, comprising one or more capacitors, resistors, and sometimes inductors, to filter out (smooth) most of the pulsation. A small remaining unwanted alternating voltage component at mains or twice mains power frequency (depending upon whether half- or full-wave rectification is used)—ripple—is unavoidably superimposed on the direct output voltage. For purposes such as charging batteries the ripple is not a problem, and the simplest unregulated mains-powered DC power supply circuit consists of a transformer driving a single diode in series with a resistor. PIC 16F877A MICROCONTROLLER: High Performance RISC CPU: • Only 35 single word instructions to learn • All single cycle instructions except for program branches, which are two-cycle • Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle • 2K x 14 words of Program Memory, 128 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) • Pin out compatible to PIC16C72/72A and PIC16F872 • Interrupt capability • Eight-level deep hardware stack • Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes Peripheral Features: • High Sink/Source Current: 25 mA • Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler • Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during SLEEP via external crystal/clock • Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler • Capture, Compare, PWM (CCP) module - Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns - Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns - PWM max. resolution is 10-bit • 8-bit, 5-channel analog-to-digital converter • Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI™ (Master/Slave) and I2C™ (Slave) • Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset (BOR) LCD DISPLAY: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCDs do not emit light directly. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are a passive display technology. This means they do not emit light; instead, they use the ambient light in the environment. By manipulating this light, they display images using very little power. This has made LCDs the preferred technology whenever low power consumption and compact size are critical. They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes. Pin Information of LCD: RF TRANSMITTER: Radio transmitter design is a complex topic which can be broken down into a series of smaller topics. A radio communication system requires two tuned circuits each at the transmitter and receiver, all four tuned to the same frequency. The transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the aid of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications. RF RECEIVER: This compact radio frequency (RF) receiver module is suitable for remote control or telemetry applications. The double sided circuit board is pre-populated with Surface Mount Devices (SMD) and is tuned to 433MHz. No module assembly or adjustments are required. RF receiver module RX433 receives RF control signals from the. RF receiver module RX433 is a highly sensitive passive design that is easy to implement with a low external parts count. (Download datasheet with hook-up schematic below) RF remote receiver module RX433 can also be used with 433MHz RF Transmitter TX433N for your custom remote control or telemetry requirements. (However, the FCC has restrictions on the sale of the TX433N transmitter module in the U.S., so we don't have these transmitters available). The RF receiver has the same range of RF transmitter; it is a wireless RF receiver which is of 433.8 MHz and 7v-12v DC operation. And mainly 600ft of receiving.