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Mandira Kar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.165-167 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.ijera.com OPEN ACCESS Connectedness in Ideal Bitopological Spaces Mandira Kar, S. S. Thakur Department of Mathematics St. Aloysius (Auto) College, Jabalpur (M.P.) 482001 India. Department of Applied Mathematics Government Engineering College, Jabalpur (M.P.) 482011 India. Abstract. In this paper we study the notion of connectedness in ideal bitopological spaces. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 54A10, 54A05, 54A20 Key words and phrases: ideal bitopological spaces, pairwise *-connected sets, pairwise *-separated sets, pairwise *s-connected sets, pairwise *-connected ideal bitopological spaces Definition 2.1. [3] An ideal topological space (X, τ, 1. Introduction In 1961 Kelly [7] introduced the concept of I) bitopological spaces as an extension of topological is called *-connected [3] if X cannot be written as the spaces. A bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2) is a disjoint union of a nonempty open set and a nonempty nonempty set X equipped with two topologies τ1 and *-open set. τ2 [7] Recall that [6] if (X, τ, I) is an ideal topological The notion of ideal in topological spaces was space and A is a subset of X, then (A, 𝛕𝑨 I A), where studied by Kuratowski [8] and Vaidyanathaswamy 𝛕𝑨 is the relative topology on A and I A = {A J: J [13]. Applications to various fields were further I} is an ideal topological space investigated by Jankovic and Hamlett [6]; Dontchev [2]; Mukherjee [9]; Arenas [1]; Navaneethakrishnan [11]; Nasef and Mahmoud [10], etc. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the notion of connectedness in ideal bitopological spaces. We study the notions of pairwise *-connected ideal bitopological spaces, pairwise *-separated sets, pairwise *s-connected sets and pairwise *-connected sets in ideal bitopological spaces. 2. Preliminaries An ideal I on a topological space (X, τ) is a nonempty collection of subsets of X which satisfies i. A ∈ I and B A B I and ii. A ∈ I and B ∈ I A B I An ideal topological space is a topological space (X, τ) with an ideal I on X, and is denoted by (X, τ, I). Given an ideal topological space (X, τ, I) and If 𝒫 (X) is the set of all subsets of X, a set operator, (.)*:𝒫 (X) 𝒫 (X) is called the local mapping [7] of A with respect to τ and I and is defined as follows: For A X A∗ (τ, I) = {xXU A I, U τ, where xU}. A Kuratowski closure operator Cl* (.) for a topology τ* (τ, I), called the *-topology, finer than τ, is defined by Cl*(A) = A A* (τ, I) [6]. Without ambiguity, we write A* for A* (τ, I) and τ* for τ* (τ, I). For any ideal space (X, τ, I), the collection {V\J: V τ and J I} is a basis for τ*. www.ijera.com Definition 2.2. [3] A subset A of an ideal topological space (X, τ, I) is called *-connected if (A, 𝛕𝑨 , I A) is *-connected. Lemma 2.1. [6] Let (X, τ, I) be an ideal topological space and B A X. Then, B* (𝛕𝑨 , I A) = B* ( τ, I) A. Lemma 2.2. [4] Let (X, τ, I) be an ideal topological space and B A X. Then Cl𝐴∗ (B) = Cl*(B) A. Definition 2.3. [3] A subset A of an ideal space (X, τ, I) is said to be *-dense [2] if Cl*(A) = X. An ideal space (X, τ, I is said to be [3] *-hyperconnected if A is *-dense for every open subset A of X. Lemma 2.3. [2] Let (X, τ, I) be an ideal topological space. For each V τ *, 𝛕∗𝑉 = (𝛕𝑉 )*. Lemma 2.4. [3] Let (X, τ, I) be a topological space, A Y X and Y τ. Then A is *-open in Y is equivalent to A is *-open in X Proof: A is *-open in Y A is *-open in X. Since Y τ τ* by Lemma 6, A is *-open in X. A is *-open in X A is *-open in Y for if A is *-open in X. By Lemma 6, A = A Y is *-open in Y. Definition 2.4. [7] A bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I is an ideal bitopological space where I is defined on a bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2,). 165 | P a g e Mandira Kar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.165-167 Throughout the present paper, (X, τ1, τ2, I will denote a bitopological space with no assumed separation properties. For a subset A of a bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I), Cl(A) and Int(A) will denote the closure and interior of A in (X,τ1,τ2, I, respectively. 3. Connectedness in Ideal Bitopological Spaces Definition 3.1. An ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) is called pairwise *-connected [3] if X cannot be written as the disjoint union of a nonempty 𝛕𝒊 open set and a nonempty 𝛕𝑗∗ -open set. {i , j = 1, 2; i ≠ j} Remark 3.1. Since every 𝛕𝒊 open (𝛕𝒋 open) set is 𝛕∗𝑖 (respectively 𝛕𝑗∗ open). It follows that every pairwise *-connected ideal bitopological space is pairwise connected but the converse may not be true. Definition 3.2. [3] An ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) is said to be pairwise hyperconnected if A is 𝛕𝑗∗ dense for every 𝛕𝒊 open set A ≠ ∅ of X Definition 3.3. A subset A of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) is called pairwise *-connected if (A, (𝛕𝟏 )𝐴 , (𝛕𝟐 )𝐴 , IA) is pairwise *-connected. Definition 3.4. Nonempty subsets A, B of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2 I) are called pairwise *-separated if 𝛕𝒊 Cl*(A) B = A 𝛕𝒋 Cl(B) = . Theorem 3.1. Let (X, τ1, τ2, I) be an ideal bitopological space. If A, B are pairwise *-separated sets of X and A B 𝛕𝟏 𝛕𝟐 then A is 𝛕𝒊 open and B is 𝛕𝑗∗ -open. {i , j = 1 , 2; i ≠ j} Proof: Since A and B are pairwise *-separated in X, then B = (A B) (X - Cl*(A)). Since A B is biopen and 𝛕𝒋 Cl*(A) is 𝛕𝑗∗ -closed in X, B is 𝛕𝑗∗ -open in X. Similarly A = (A B) (X - Cl*(B)) and we obtain that A is 𝛕𝒊 open in X. Theorem 3.2. Let (X, τ1, τ2 I) be an ideal bitopological space and A, B Y X. Then A and B are pairwise *-separated in Y if and only if A, B are pairwise *-separated in X Proof: It follows from Lemma 2 that 𝛕𝒊 Cl*(A) B = A 𝛕𝒋 Cl(B) = . Theorem 3.3. If f: (X, τ1, τ2, I) → (Y, τ1, τ2) is a pairwise continuous onto mapping. Then if (X, τ1, τ2, I) is a pairwise *-connected ideal bitopological space (Y, τ1, τ2) is also pairwise connected. www.ijera.com www.ijera.com Proof: It is known that connectedness is preserved by continuous surjections. Hence every pairwise *-connected space is connected and the proof is obvious. Definition 3.5. A subset A of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) is called pairwise *s-connected if A is not the union of two pairwise *-separated sets in (X, τ1, τ2, I) Theorem 3.4. Let Y be a biopen subset of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) {i , j = 1 , 2; i ≠ j} The following are equivalent: i. Y is pairwise *s-connected in (X, τ1, τ2, I) ii. Y is pairwise *-connected in (X, τ1, τ2, I) Proof: : i) ii) Let Y be pairwise *s-connected in (X, τ1, τ2, I) and suppose that Y is not pairwise *-connected in (X, τ1, τ2, I). There exist non empty disjoint 𝛕𝒊 open set A, in Y and 𝛕∗𝑗 open set B in Y s.t Y = A B. Since Y is open in X, by Lemma 2.4 A and B are 𝛕𝒊 open and 𝛕∗𝑗 open in X, respectively. Since A and B are disjoint, then 𝛕𝒊 Cl*(A) B = ∅ = A 𝛕𝒋 Cl(B). This implies that A, B are pairwise *-separated sets in X. Thus, Y is not pairwise *s-connected in (X, τ1, τ2, I). Hence we arrive at a contradiction and Y is pairwise *-connected in (X, τ1 , τ2, I). ii) i) Suppose Y is not pairwise *s-connected in (X, τ1, τ2, I). There exist two pairwise *-separated sets A, B s.t Y = A B. By Theorem 3.1, A and B are 𝛕𝒊 open and 𝛕𝒋 -open in Y, respectively {i , j = 1 , 2; i ≠ j}. By Lemma 2.4, A and B are 𝛕𝒊 open and 𝛕∗𝑗 -open in X respectively. Since A and B are *-separated in X, then A and B are nonempty and disjoint. Thus, Y is not pairwise *-connected. This is a contradiction. Theorem 3.5. Let (X, τ1, τ2, I) be an ideal bitopological space. If A is a pairwise *s-connected set of X and H, G are pairwise *-separated sets of X with A H G, then either A H or A G. {i , j = 1 , 2; i ≠ j} Proof: Let A H G. Since A = (A H) (A G), then (A G) 𝛕𝒊 Cl*(A H) G Cl*(H) = ∅. By similar reasoning, we have (A H) 𝛕𝒋 Cl(A G) H Cl*(G) = ∅. Suppose that A H and A G are nonempty. Then A is not pairwise *s-connected. This is a contradiction. Thus, either A H = ∅ or A G = ∅ This implies that A H or A G Theorem 3.6. If A is a pairwise *s-connected set of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) and 166 | P a g e Mandira Kar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.165-167 A B 𝛕𝐢 Cl* (A ) 𝛕𝐣 Cl(B) then B is pairwise *s-connected {i , j = 1 , 2; i ≠ j}. Proof: Suppose B is not pairwise *s-connected. There exist pairwise *-separated sets H and G of X such that B = H G. This implies that H and G are nonempty and 𝛕𝐢 Cl*(H) G = H 𝛕𝐣 Cl(G) = . By Theorem 3.5, we have either A H or A G. Suppose that A H. Then Cl*(A) Cl*(H) and G Cl*(A) = This implies that G B Cl* (A) and G = Cl* (A) G = . Thus, G is an empty set for if G is nonempty, this is a contradiction. Suppose that A G. By similar way, it follows that H is empty. This is a contradiction. Hence, B is pairwise *s-connected. Corollary 3.1. If A is a pairwise*s-connected set in an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) ) then 𝛕𝐢 Cl* (A) is pairwise *s-connected. Theorem 3.7. If {Mi : i N} is a nonempty family of pairwise *s-connected sets of an ideal space (X, τ1, τ2, I) with iI Mi ≠ Then iI Mi is pairwise *s-connected. Proof: Suppose that iI Mi is not pairwise *s-connected. Then we have iI Mi = H G, where H and G are pairwise *-separated sets in X. Since iI Mi ≠ we have a point x in iI Mi Since x iIMi, either x ε H or x ε G. Suppose that x ε H. Since x ε Mi for each i ε N, then Mi and H intersect for each i ε N. By theorem 3.5; Mi H or Mi G. Since H and G are disjoint, Mi H for all i ε Z and hence iI Mi H. This implies that G is empty. This is a contradiction. Suppose that x ε G. By similar way, we have that H is empty. This is a contradiction. Thus, iIMi is pairwise *s-connected. Theorem 3.10. The set of all distinct pairwise *-components of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) forms a partition of X Proof: Let A and B be two distinct pairwise *-components of X. Suppose that A and B intersect. Then, by Theorem 3.7, A B is pairwise *s-connected in X. Since A A B, then A is not maximal. Thus, A and B are disjoint. Theorem 3.11. Each pairwise*-component of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) is pairwise *-closed in X. Proof: Let A be a pairwise *-component of X. By Corollary 3.1, 𝛕𝐢 Cl* (A) is pairwise*s-connected and A = 𝛕𝐢 Cl* (A). Thus, A is pairwise *-closed in X. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Theorem 3.8. Suppose that {Mn: n ε N} is an infinite sequence of pairwise *-connected open sets of an ideal space (X, τ1, τ2, I) and Mn Mn+1 ≠ for each n ε N. Then iI Mi is pairwise*connected. Proof: By induction and Theorems 3.4 and 3.7, the set Nn = k ≤ nMk is a pairwise *-connected open set for each n ε N. Also, Nn have a nonempty intersection. Thus, by Theorems 13 and 17, nN Mn is pairwise *-connected [7] Definition 3.6. Let X be an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) and x X. The union of all pairwise *s-connected subsets of X containing x is called the pairwise *-component of X containing x. [11] Theorem 3.9. Each pairwise *-component of an ideal bitopological space (X, τ1, τ2, I) is a maximal pairwise *s connected set of X. www.ijera.com www.ijera.com [8] [9] [10] [12] [13] Arenas, F. G., Dontchev, J, Puertas, M. L., Idealization of some weak separation axioms. Acta Math. Hungar. 89 (1-2) (2000), 47-53. 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