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Cam
b r id g e
A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
elementary
students of
English
with answers
Raymond Murphy
Contents
To the student
To the teacher
Thanks
Unit
1 a m /is /a re
2 a m /is /a r e (questions)
3 I a m d o in g (present continuous)
4 are y o u doing? (present continuous questions)
5 I d o /w o rk /lik e etc. (present simple)
6 I d o n ’t ... (present simple negative)
7 D o you ... ? (present simple questions)
8 I a m d o in g and I d o (present continuous and present simple)
9 I have ... / I ’ve g o t ...
10 w a s/w e re
1 1 w o r k e d /g o t/w e n t etc. (past simple)
12 I d id n ’t ...
D id you ... ? (past simple negative and questions)
13 I w as d o in g (past continuous)
14 I was d o in g (past continuous) and I d id (past simple)
15
16
17
18
19
I have d o n e (present perfect 1)
I ’ve ju s t ...
I ’ve alread y ...
I h a v e n ’t ... yet (present perfect 2)
H ave you ever ... ? (present perfect 3)
H o w lo n g have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
fo r
since
ago
20 I have d o n e (present perfect) and I d id (past simple)
21 is d o n e
w as d o n e (passive 1)
22 is b e in g d o n e
has b e e n d o n e (passive 2)
23 b e /h a v e /d o in present and past tenses
24 Regular and irregular verbs
25 I used to ...
26
27
28
29
W h at are you d o in g to m o rro w ?
I ’m g o in g to ...
w ill/sh all (1 )
w ill/sh all (2)
30
31
32
33
34
35
m ig h t
can and c o u ld
m u st
m u s tn ’t
n e e d n ’t
should
I have to ...
W ould you like ... ?
I ’d like ...
36 th e re is
th e re are
37 th ere w a s/w e re
th e re h a s/h a v e b e e n
38 I t . . .
th e re will be
39 I a m
I d o n ’t etc.
40 H av e you?
A re you?
D o n ’t you? etc.
41 to o /e ith e r
so a m I / n e ith e r d o I etc.
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
isn ’t
h a v e n ’t
d o n ’t etc. (negatives)
is i t ... ?
have y o u ... ?
d o th ey ... ? etc. (questions-1)
W h o saw you?
W h o d id you see? (questions 2)
W h o is she ta lk in g to?
W h a t is it like? (questions 3)
W h a t ... ?
W h ic h ... ?
H o w ... ?
H o w lo n g d oes it tak e ... ?
D o you k n o w w h e re ... ?
I d o n ’t k n o w w h a t ... etc.
49 She said t h a t ...
H e to ld m e th a t ...
50
51
52
53
w o rk /w o rk in g
g o /g o in g
d o /d o in g
to ... (I w a n t to do) and - in g (I e n jo y doing)
I w a n t you to ...
I to ld y o u to ...
I w e n t to th e sh o p to ...
54
55
56
57
g o to ...
g o o n ...
g et
d o and m a k e
have
58
59
60
61
62
63
I /m e
h e /h im
th e y /th e m etc.
m y /h is /th e ir etc.
W h o se is this?
It’s m in e /y o u r s /h e r s etc.
I /m e /m y /m in e
m y se lf/y o u rse lf/th e m se lv e s etc.
-*s (A nn’s camera / m y b r o th e r ’s car) etc.
go f o r ...
g o -in g
64 a /a n ...
65 flower(s)
bus(es) (singular and plural)
66 a c a r / so m e m o n e y (countable/uncountable 1)
67 a c a r / so m e m o n e y (countable/uncountable 2)
68 a /a n and th e
69 th e ...
70 go to w o rk / g o h o m e / go to th e c in e m a
71 I like m u sic
1 hate ex am s
72 t h e . . . (names o f places)
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
[4]
th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e
o n e /o n e s
s o m e and any
n o t + any
no
none
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e /a n y th in g
n o b o d y /n o - o n e /n o th in g
s o m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h e re etc.
every and all
all
m o st
som e
an y
n o /n o n e
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r
a lo t
m uch
m any
(a) little
(a) few
r
84 o ld /n ic e /in te re s tin g etc. (adjectives)
85 q u ic k ly /b a d ly /s u d d e n ly etc. (adverbs)
86 o ld /o ld e r
expensive / m o re expensive
87 o ld e r th a n ...
m o re expensive th a n ...
88 n o t as ... as
89 th e o ld est
th e m o s t expensive
90 e n o u g h
91 to o
92 He speaks E n g lish very well, (word order 1)
93 a lw a y s/u su a lly /o fte n etc. (word order 2)
94 still y et
alread y
95 Give m e th a t b o o k !
Give it to m e!
96 a t 8 o ’clo c k
o n M o n d ay
in A p ril
97 fro m ... to u n til
since
fo r
98 b e fo re
a fte r
d u r in g
w hile
99 in
at
o n (places 1)
100 in a t
o n (places 2)
101 to in
a t (places 3)
102 u n d e r
b e h in d
o p p o s ite etc. (prepositions)
103 u p over
th ro u g h etc. (prepositions)
104 o n a t
by
w ith
a b o u t (prepositions)
105 a fra id o f . . .
g o o d a t ... etc.
preposition + '-in g (good a t - i n g etc.)
106 listen to ...
lo o k a t ... etc. (verb + preposition)
107 go in
fall o f f
ru n aw ay etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
108 p u t o n your shoes
p u t your shoes o n (phrasal verbs 2)
109
110
111
112
113
114
and
but
W h e n ...
Ifw e g o ...
I f I h a d ...
a person w h o
the people w e
Appendices
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
or
so
I f y o u s e e ... etc.
I f w e w e n t ... etc.
...
a thing th a t/w h ic h ... (relative clauses 1)
m et
the hotel y o u stayed a t (relative clauses 2)
Active and passive
239
List ofirregular verbs
240
Irregular verbs in groups
241
Short forms (he’s / I ’d / d o n ’t etc.)
242
Spelling
244
Phrasal verbs (look o u t / tak e o f f etc.)
246
Phrasal verbs + object (fill in a form / p u t o u t a fire etc.)
Additional exercises
247
248
Key to Exercises
265
Key to Additional exercises
index
b ecau se
293
296
[5
To the student (working without a teacher)
This is a grammar book for elementary students o f English. There are 114 units in
the book and each unit is about a different point o f English grammar. There is a list
o f units at the beginning o f the book (Contents).
D o not study all the units in order from beginning to end. It is better to choose the
units that you need to do. For example, if you have a problem with the present
perfect (I have been, he has done etc.), use the Index (at the back o f the book) to find
the unit (or units) you need to study (Units 15-20 for the present perfect).
Each unit is two pages. T he information is on the left-hand page and the exercises
are on the right:
You can use the book in this way:
1
2
3
4
5
Look in the Contents a n d /o r Index to find the unit that you need.
Study the left-hand page (information).
D o the exercises on the right-hand page.
Use the K ey to check your answers.
Study the left-hand page again if necessary.
D o n ’t forget the seven Appendices at the back o f the book (pages 239-247). These
will give you inform ation about active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short
forms, spelling and phrasal verbs.
There are also Additional exercises at the back o f the book (pages 248-264). There is
a list o f these exercises on page 248.
[6]
To the teacher
The most im portant features o f this book are:
• It is a grammar book. It deals only w ith grammar and is not a general course
book.
• It is a book for elementary learners. It does not cover areas o f grammar which
are not normally taught at elementary level.
• It combines reference and exercises in one volume.
• It can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material.
Organisation of the book
There are 114 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area o f
grammar. T he material is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses,
questions and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty, and should
therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). T he book
should not be worked through from beginning to end. T he units are listed in the
Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end o f the book.
Each unit has the same format consisting o f two facing pages. T he grammar
point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding
exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendices (pages 239-247) dealing with
active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling and
phrasal verbs. It might be useful for teachers to draw students’ attention to these.
This new edition o f Essential Grammar in Use also contains a set o f Additional
exercises (pages 248-264). These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing
together grammar points from a num ber o f different units (mainly those
concerning verb forms). There are 33 exercises in this section and there is a full list
on page 248.
Finally, there is a K ey at the back o f the book (pages 265-295) for students to
check their answers. An edition w ithout the Key is also available for teachers w ho
would prefer their students to use this.
Level
T he book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very little English, but 1
would not expect it to be used from the first day o f a course for complete
beginners. It is intended mainly for elementary students w ho are beyond the very
earliest stages o f a beginners’ course. It could also be used by lower in termediate
learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects o f their English or w ho have
problems with particular areas o f ‘elem entary’ grammar.
T he explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as
simple and as short as possible. T he vocabulary used in the examples and exercises
has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level.
Using the book
T he book can be used by students working alone (see To the student) or as
supplementary course material. In either case the book can serve as an elementary
grammar book.
[7
W hen used as course material, the book can be used for immediate
consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole
class or by individual students needing extra help and practice.
In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and
explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have been w ritten for
individual study and reference. In most cases, it would probably be better for the
teacher to present the grammar point in his/her preferred way w ith the exercises
being done for hom ework. T he left-hand page is then available for later reference
by the student.
Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In
this case, individual students or groups o f students can be directed to the
appropriate units for self-study and practice.
Changes from the first edition
T he main changes from the first edition are:
• There are six new units:
U nit 16 present perfect + just/already/yet
U nit 22 passive (is being done / has been done)
U nit 25 I used to ...
U nit 56 do and make
U nit 57 have
U nit 112 i f I had ... / i f we w e n t... etc.
There is also a new appendix on active and passive forms (A ppendix 1).
• Some o f the material has been revised and reorganised. For example, the
content o f Units 99-100 (in /a t/o n ) in the new edition corresponds to U nit 94
and part o f U nit 96 in the old edition.
• Some units have been redesigned, for example U nit 41 (originally 39) and
U nit 54 (originally 52).
• Some o f the units have been reordered and (after U nit 8) nearly all units have
a different num ber from the original edition. A few units have been moved to
different parts o f the book. For example, U nit 50 (work /working etc.) was
originally U nit 34.
• Many o f the left-hand pages have been rewritten and many o f the examples
changed. In a few cases there are significant changes to the content, for
example U nit 51 (originally 47), U nit 73 (originally 68) and U nit 82
(originally 77).
• Many o f the original exercises have been modified or completely replaced
with new exercises (for example, Units 4 and 5).
• There is a new section o f Additional exercises at the back o f the book (see
Organisation o f the book above).
[8]
Thanks
For their help in producing this new edition o f Essential Grammar in Use, I would
like to thank Jeanne M cCarten, Noirin Burke, Liz Driscoll, Chris Flamilton-Emery,
Geraldine Mark, Jane Walsh, Pam Murphy, R u th Carim and Lelio Pallini.
Drawings by Richard Deverell, Richard Eckford, Sue Hillw ood-H arris and
Amanda MacPhail.
Book design by Peter Ducker MSTD.
am/is/are
0m
(M y name is Lis<u)
m n o t marrieX)
2z )
(I ’m American. I’m from C h ic a g o .^
^/M y favourite colour is blue.)
( I’m a s tu d e n t.) ^ • ,
I My favourite sports are
football and swimming.
M y father is a doctor and my
m other is a journalist.
positive
I
I’m interested in a rt.)
LISA
negative
a m (I’m )
he
she is
it.
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
we ■
(we’re)
you . are (you’re)
(they’re)
they
I
am n o t
he
she is
it .
not
we •
you . are n o t
they
(I’m not)
(he’s n o t
(she’s n o t
(it’s n o t
or
or
or
he isn ’t)
she isn ’t)
it isn ’t)
(we’re n o t
(you’re n o t
(they’re n o t
or
or
or
we a re n ’t)
you a re n ’t)
they a re n ’t)
• I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?
• I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
• M y brother is very tall. H e’s a policeman.
•J o h n is afraid o f dogs.
• It’s ten o ’clock. You’re late again.
• Ann and I are good friends.
• Your keys are on the table.
I’m a-fraul
o f do <£>. J
A
• I’m tired but I’m n o t hungry.
• Tom isn ’t interested in politics. H e’s interested in music.
•Ja n e isn ’t at hom e at the m om ent. She’s at work.
• Those people a re n ’t English. T hey’re Australian.
• It’s sunny today but it is n ’t warm.
that’s = that is
there’s = there is
here’s = here is
• Thank you. T hat’s very kind o f you.
• Look! T here’s Chris.
• ‘H ere’s your key.’ ‘Thank you.’
Thank
a m /is /a re (questions) =>
th e re is/a re =>
UNIT 3 6
a /a n =>
UNIT 6 4
U N IT
/T '
EXERCISES
^ 1 .1
Write the short form (she’s / w e aren’t etc.).
1 she i s sh e s .
2 they are .................................
r^ 1 .2
1.3
3 ^ jsnot ...................................
4that i s .....................................
5
i am n o t ....................
6you aren o t .........................
Put in am, is or are.
1
2
3
4
_
1
The weather
nice today.
I
not tired.
This b a g
heavy.
These bags
heavy.
5
6
7
8
Look! T h e r e
Carol.
My brother and I
good tennis players.
A nn
at home. H er children
at school.
I
a taxi driver. My sister
a nurse.
Write full sentences. Use is/isn ’t/are/aren’t.
1 (your shoes very dirty) .Y.Pkf.r. .shoes ;
.
(my brother a teacher) M y ..............................................................................................................
(this house not very b ig ).....................................................................................................................
(the shops not open today) .................................................................................................................
(my keys in my b a g )....................................................................,.................. ......................................
6 (Jenny 18 years o ld ) .............................................................................................................................
7 (you not very tall)....................................................................................................... .......... ..............
^
2
3
4
5
r-v
1.4
Look at Lisa’s sentences (Unit 1A). Now write sentences about yourself.
1
2
3
4
5
1.5
(name?)
(from?)
(age?)
(job?)
My
I .................................................
I
1 .................................................
1 .................................................
Write sentences for the pictures. Use:
1 ...She’s.fMrefej...
2 T hey
,1.6
afraid
6 (fayott,rite colour or colours?)
M y ...........................................
7 (interested in...?)
I .................................................
/;W
angry
oW ,
cold
hot
3 H e ....................................
4 .............................................
hungry
C\*
thhsty
C-,~J.
AfnK
5
6
Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am /am n o t/is /is n ’t/a r e /a r e n ’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(1 / interested in politics) ifr intere s te d*(OR I’m not in te re s te d.) in potctic s .
(I / hungry) I .................................................................................................................
(it / warm today) It
............................................................................................
(I / afraid o f dogs) ..........................................................................................................
(my hands / cold) ..........................................................................................................
(Canada / a very big country) .....................................................................................
(diamonds / cheap) .......................................................................................................
(I / interested in football) .............................................................................................
(Rom e / in Spain) ...................... .................................................................... .............
[11]
UNIT
2
am/is/are (questions)
question
positive
W h a t’s your name? )
I
am
he
she
it
is
we '
you are
they ,
•
•
•
•
•
We say:
•
•
B
am
I?
( David
’ he?
is< she?
. it?
' we?
are you?
. they?
A re you m arried?)
( N o , I’m s in g le .\
M ’( H o w o ld are you?)
t
A re y o u a student?)
‘A m I late?’ ‘N o, y o u ’re on time.’
‘Is y o u r m o th e r at hom e?’ ‘N o, sh e ’s out.’
‘A re y o u r p a re n ts at hom e?’ ‘No, th e y ’re out.’
‘Is it cold in your room ?’ ‘Yes, a little.’
Y our shoes are nice. A re th e y new?
V iV e r Or
Is she at home? / Is y o u r m o th e r at home? (not ‘Is at hom e your m other?’)
A re th ey new? / A re y o u r shoes new? (not ‘Are new your shoes?’)
W h e re is your mother? Is she at home?
• ‘W h e re are you from?’ ‘Canada.’
‘W h a t c o lo u r is your car?’ ‘It’s red.’
• ‘H o w o ld is Joe?’ ‘H e’s 24.’
H o w are your parents? Are they well?
• W hy are you angry?
‘H o w m u c h are these postcards?’ ‘Fifty pence.’
what’s = w hat is
w ho’s = w ho is
how ’s = how is
• W h a t’s the time?
• W h o ’s that man?
• W h e re ’s Jill?
• H o w ’s your father?
w here’s - where is
short answers
Yes, I a m .
No, I’m n o t.
Yes,s she lis.
No,
' he’s
she’s
it’s
f we 1
Yes,( you la re .
[ thevj
No,
' we ‘ w e’re
you’re • n o t. or No, - you • a re n ’t.
, they’re.
they.
f he 1
•
•
•
•
•
[12]
(Yes, I am.)
W h ere ... ? / W h a t ... ? / W h o ... ? / H o w ... ? / W hy ... ?
•
•
•
•
P.
GEY
• he '
• n o t. or No, ■ she isn ’t.
. it .
‘A re y o u tired?’ ‘Yes, I a m .’
‘A re y o u hungry?’ ‘N o, I ’m n o t but I’m thirsty.’
‘Is y o u r frie n d English?’ ‘Yes, h e is.’
y s ty '
‘A re these y o u r keys?’ ‘Yes, th e y a re .’
‘T h a t’s my seat. ‘N o, it isn ’t.’
a m /is /a re :
q u estio n s:
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w :
,
^
.
^
v ' >
**
n
U N IT
EXERCISES
2.1
Find the right answers for the questions.
W here’s the camera?
Is your car blue?
Is Linda from London?
Am I late?
W here’s A nn from?
W hat colour is your bag?
Are you hungry?
H ow is George?
W h o ’s that woman?
r \
2.2
r~-
3
4
5
6
7
2.4
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
Is your mother ab borne?
Are your parents well?
Ff0?°
your parents?
............................................................. the bus stop?
> ........................................................... your children?
........................................................... these oranges?
............................................... your favourite sport?
.................................. the man in this photograph?
....................................................... your new shoes?
They’re very well.
A t the end o f the street.
Five, six and ten.
£ 1.20 a kilo.
Skiing.
T hat’s my father.
Black.
Write the questions. (Read the answers first.)
(name?) WHat’s your nflut'e.?
(married or single?) ...................
(American?) ...............................
(how old?) ..................................
(a teacher?) .................................
(wife a lawyer?)...........................
(from?) ........................................
(her name?) ................................
(how old?) ..................................
2.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Complete the questions. Use What... / Who... /W here... /How...
1
r \
London.
No, I’m not.
Yes, you are.
My sister.
Black.
No, it’s black.
In your bag.
N o, she’s American.
Very well.
Make questions with these words. Use is or are.
(at hom e / your mother?)
(your parents / well?)
(interesting / your job?)
(the shops / open today?)
(interested in sport / you?)
(near here / the post office?)
(at school / your children?)
(why / you / late?)
2.3
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Paul.
I’m married.
No, I’m Australian.
I’m 30.
N o, I’m a lawyer.
N o, she’s a designer.
She’s Italian.
Anna.
She’s 27.
PAUL
Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn’t, etc.).
1 Are you married?
...................
2 Are you thirsty? .............................................
3 Is it cold today? ..............................................
4 Are your hands cold?
5 Is it dark now? .........
6 Are you a teacher? ...
[13
I am doing (present continuous)
W ere
running
V
She’s eating.
She isn ’t re a d in g
It’s rain in g .
T he sun isn ’t shining.
T hey’re ru n n in g .
They a re n ’t w alking.
T he present continuous is:
a m /is /a r e + d o in g /e a tin g /ru n n in g /w ritin g etc.
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
am
(not)
-in g
I is
J
i
L are
J
(not)
-in g
(not)
-in g
I’m w orking.
Chris is w riting a letter.
She isn ’t eating, (or She’s n o t eating.)
T he phone is ringing.
We’re having dinner.
You’re n o t listening to me. (or You a re n ’t ...)
T he children are doing their hom ework.
)
a m /is /a r e + -in g = something is happening now:
I’m w orking
she’s w earing a hat
they’re playing football
I’m not w atching television
past
•
•
•
•
•
•
future
now
Please be quiet. I’m w orking. (= I’m working now)
Look at Sue! She’s w earing her new hat. ( - she is wearing it now)
T he weather is nice at the m om ent. It’s n o t raining.
‘W here are the children?’ ‘T hey’re playing in the park.’
(on the phone) W e’re having dinner now. Can you phone again later?
You can turn off the television. I’m n o t w atching it.
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
com e —» com ing
run —> running
lie —> lying
a m /is /a re =>
w rite —> w ritin g
dance —> dancing
sit —>sitting
sw im —» sw im m ing
are you doing? (questions) =>
W h at are y ou d o in g to m o rro w ? =>
UNIT 2 6
I a m d o in g and I do => U JJJJ
U N IT
EXERCISES
3.1
What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:
eat
have
lie
play
sit
w ait
1She. s eaiuig an apple.
2 H e ............................. ...... ........... for a bus.
3 T h e y ............................................ football.
3.2
4 ..........................
on the floor.
5 ............................................................breakfast.
6 .......................................................on the table.
Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs:
b u ild
cook
go
have
stan d
stay
sw im
w e ek
1
2
3
4
5
Please be quiet. I...TT*.. w o r k .
‘W here’s John?’ ‘H e’s in the kitchen. H e ............................................... .’
‘Y o u ...........................................on my foot.’ ‘O h, I’m sorry.’
Look! S om ebody........................................ .....in the river.
W e’re here on holiday. W e ...............................................at the Central Hotel.
6 ‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘S h e ...............................................a shower.’
7 T h e y ............................................a new theatre in the city centre at the m oment.
8 I ...............................................now. Goodbye.
n-
3.3
Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She’s -ing or She isn’t -ing.
J AN E
r \
3.4
(have dinner) .
f'Sn’t h&vbuj
•
(watch television) She s wfliching te ity isiq n .
(sit on the floor) S h e ...........................................
(read a book) ...........................................................
(play the piano) ...................................... .......... .....
(laugh) .....................................................................
(wear a hat) .............................................................
8 (write a letter)
What’s happening at the moment? Write true sentences.
1 (I / wash / my hair) .
(it / snow)
It’s snowing. OR. It Lsn’fc snowing .
(I / sit / on a chair) ........... ...........................................
(I / eat) ............................................................................
(it / rain) ........................
6 (I / learn / English)
7 (I / listen / to music) ....
8 (the sun / shine) ..........
9 (I / wear / shoes) .........
10 (I / read / a newspaper)
2
3
4
5
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
question
positive
I
am
am
doing
w orking
going
staying
he "j
she > is
it 1
we t
you I are
they J
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
f he
is s she
I it
r we
are J you
[ they
etc.
doing?
working?
going?
staying?
etc.
‘A re you feeling OK ?’ ‘Yes, I’m fine, thank you.’
‘Is it raining?’ ‘Yes, take an umbrella.’
W hy are you w earing a coat? It’s not cold.
‘W hat’s Paul doing?’ ‘H e’s reading the newspaper.’
‘W hat are the children doing?’ ‘T hey’re w atching television.’
Look, there’s Sally! W here’s she going?
W ho are you w aiting for? A re you w aiting for Sue?
Study the word order:
is /a re + subject
W here
W here
Is
Is
are
are
+
-in g
w o rk in g today?
he
w o rk in g today? (not ‘Is working Paul today?’)
Paul
going?
they
those people going? (not ‘W here are going those people?’)
short answers
No, I’m n o t.
Yes, 1 a m .
he '
she is.
. it .
Yes,
we
Yes, you • are.
they.
•
•
•
•
No,
h e’s
she’s
it’s
he '
■n o t. or No, • she isn ’t.
. it .
we’re
we
No,- you’re - n o t. or N o, ■ you a re n ’t.
they.
they’re.
‘A re you going now?’ ‘Yes, I a m .’
‘Is Paul w orking today?’ ‘Yes, h e is.’
‘Is it raining?’ ‘N o, it isn ’t . ’
‘A re your friends staying at a hotel?’ ‘No, th e y a re n ’t. They’re staying w ith me.’
I am d o in g :
UNIT 3
W h at are you d o in g to m o rro w ? => 1UNIT 2 6
questions => | u n it s
4 3 -4 6
U N IT
4
EXERCISES
4.1
Look at the pictures and write the questions.
you/w atch/it?)
kye. you watching ib]
(you/go/now ?)
Yes, see you
tomorrow.
No, not at
?i the moment,
No, you can
turn it off.
(that clock/work?)
(you/enjoy/the film?)
Yes, it’s
very
funnv.
4.2
eat
^/ffffwhat
go
la u g h
?)
lo o k a t
re a d
..
2 ..EXIT
Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.4
No, its
broken.
Yes, to
my sister.
Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use one of these:
c ry
4.3
6 f (you/w rite/a letter?)
(working / Paul / today?) ...!.?.
^
.?.
(what / doing / the children?) WH&fc
4-PPT9/’
(you / listening / to me?), ....................................................................................................................
(where / going / your friends?) ..........................................................................................................
(your parents / television / watching?) .............................................................................................
(what / cooking / Ann?) .....................................................................................................................
(why / you / looking / at me?) ............................................................................................... ..........
(coming / the bus?) ...................................................................................,..........................................
Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn’t, etc.)
1 Are you watching T V ?
2 Are you wearing a w a tc h ?
3 Are you eating som ething?
4 Is it raining?..............................................
5 Are you sitting on the flo o r?..................
6 Are you feeling w ell?...............................
f 17
I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
They’re looking at their books.
They rea d a lot.
H e’s eating an ice-cream.
H e likes ice-cream.
They read / he likes / I w o rk etc. = the present simple:
I/w e/y o u /th ey
re a d
like
w o rk
live
w atch
do
have
h e /sh e /it
reads
likes
works
lives
watches
does
has
Rem em ber:
he works / she lives / it rains etc.
• I w o rk in a shop. M y b r o th e r w o rk s in a bank. (not ‘M y brother w ork’)
• L in d a lives in London. H e r p a re n ts live in Scotland.
• I t rain s a lot in winter.
I have —> h e /sh e /it has:
• J o h n has a shower every day.
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
-es after -s / -sh / -ch:
-y —> -ies:
also:
pass —> passes
finish —> finishes
study —» studies
try —> tries
do —> does
go —> goes
watch —» watches
We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen
sometimes or all the time:
• 1 like big cities.
• The shops o p e n at 9 o ’clock and close at 5.30.
• Tim w o rk s very hard. He sta rts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o ’clock in the evening.
• The Earth goes round the Sun.
• We d o a lot o f different things in our free time.
• It costs a lot o f m oney to stay at luxury' hotels.
a lw a y s/n e v e r/o fte n /s o m e tim e s /u s u a lly + present simple
• Sue alw ays arriv es at work early. (not ‘Sue arrives always’)
• I usually go to work by car but sometimes I w alk. (not ‘I go usually’)
• Julia never eats breakfast.
• Tom lives near us. We o fte n see him.
I d o n ’t ... (negative) =>
D o you ... ? (questions) =
alw ays/usually/often etc. (word order) => UNIT 93
>
I am d o in g and I d o =>
EXERCISES
Write these verbs + -s or -es.
1 (read) she ...TM4r?..
2 (think) h e .............................
3 (fly)
it
4
(dance)h e ..................
5 (have) she
6 (finish) it ...
Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs:
eat
go
live
play
play
sleep
1
the piano.
2 They
in a very big house.
3 ..................................................... a lot o f fruit.
4
tennis.
5 ...........................................to the cinema a lot.
6
eight hours a night.
Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
boil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
close
co st
c o st
like
like
m eet
open
sp e a k
tea c h
w ash
Margaret ...SRSis*... four languages.
In Britain the banks usually............................at 9.30 in the m orning.
The City M useum ............................. at 5 o’clock in the evening.
Tina is a teacher. S h e ............................mathematics to young children.
My job is very interesting. 1 ....................
a
lot o f people.
P e ter
.................. his hair twice a week.
Food is expensive. I t .............
a lot o f money.
Shoes are expensive. T h e y
a lot o f money.
W ater.............................at 100 degrees Celsius.
Julia and I are good friends. I ............................her and s h e .............................. me.
Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives etc.).
1 (always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue alw ays arrLves e a rly ...
2 (basketball / I / play / often) I ..........................................................................................................
3 (work / Margaret / hard / usually) .......... .........................................................................................
4 (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) ............................................................................. .................
5 (dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30)
.................................................................................... ....
6 (television / Tim / watch / never) .................................................. ..................................................
7 (like / chocolate / children / usually) ...............................................................................................
8 (Julia / parties / enjoy / always) .........................................................................................................
Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/sometimes/usually.
1 (watch television) I never Match t elevision. / I usu aiUj w atch television in t h e evening. (e tc .)
2 (read in bed) I ...................... .............. ...... ..... ........................................................... .......................... .........
3 (get up before 7 o ’clock) ........
;................... ......................................................................
4 (go to w o rk /sch o o l by bus) ....................... ........................................................................................
5 (drink coffee) .................................................................................................................................................
I don’t ... (present simple negative)
She d o e s n ’t d rin k coffee.
positive
negative
I
we
you
they
w o rk
like
do
have
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
works
likes
does
has
he
she
it
•
•
•
•
•
•
He d o e s n ’t like his job.
do not
(d o n ’t)
d o es n o t
(d o esn ’t)
work
like
do
have
I d rin k coffee but I d o n ’t d rin k tea.
Sue d rin k s te a but she d o e s n ’t d rin k coffee.
You d o n ’t w o rk very hard.
We d o n ’t w a tc h television very often.
T he weather is usually nice. It d o e s n ’t ra in very often.
G erry and Linda d o n ’t k n o w many people.
Rem ember:
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e /sh e /it
d o n ’t ...
d o e s n ’t ...
• I d o n ’t like football.
• H e d o e s n ’t, like football.
• I d o n ’t like Fred and F re d d o e s n ’t like me. (not ‘Fred don’t like’)
• M y c a r d o e s n ’t use m uch petrol. (not ‘My car don’t use’)
• Sometimes he is late but it d o e s n ’t happen very often.
We use d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t + infinitive (don’t like / doesn’t sp e ak / doesn’t d o etc.):
•
•
•
•
I d o n ’t like washing the car. I d o n ’t d o it very often.
Sandra speaks Spanish but she d o e s n ’t sp eak Italian. (not ‘doesn’t speaks’)
Bill d o e s n ’t d o his job very well, (not ‘Bill doesn’t his jo b ’)
Paula d o e s n ’t usually have breakfast. (not ‘doesn’t ... has’)
I do/w o rk /lilce etc. (present simple) =>
D o y o u . . . ? (present simple questions) =>
UNIT
EXERCISES
6.1
Write the negative.
1 I play the piano very well.
Jane plays the piano very well.
They know my phone number.
We work very hard.
He has a bath every day.
6 You do the same thing every day.
2
3
4
5
6 .2
I d on’t pUMfihe pUmo verq well.
J a n e .......................................................
Study the information and write sentences with like.
1
Bill a nd, Rose tike classical music..
C a ro l...............................................................
I ............................................. classical music.
2 Bill and R o s e .................................................
C arol................................................................
I.........................................................................
Carol
1 classical music?
2 boxing?
3 horror films?
6.3
Write about yourself. Use: I never... or I often... or I don’t ... very often.
1
2
3
4
(watch TV)
(go to the theatre)
(ride a bicycle)
(eat in restaurants)
5 (travel by train)
6 .4
.Wfiukh. TV...very ofteta. ( O R I.
. O R .J..
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................. ...............
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................ .....................................
Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don’t/doesn’t + one of these verbs:
c o st
go
know
r ead
see
use
w ear
1 I buy a newspaper every day but sometimes 1
it.
Paul has a car but h e ............................................... it very often.
They like films but th e y
to the cinema very often.
Amanda is married but s h e ..............................................a ring.
I ...............................................m uch about politics. I’m not interested in it.
6 It’s not an expensive hotel. I t ............................................... much to stay there.
7 Brian lives near us but w e ........................................... him very often.
2
3
4
5
6 .5
Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1
2
3
4
5
Margaret ...SES^issS.... four languages —English, French, G erm an and Spanish, (speak)
I . 4 ^ . fc like-. . my job. Its very boring, (like)
‘W here’s Martin?’ ‘I’m sorry. I
.’ (know)
Sue is a very cpiet person. S h e ..............................................very much, (talk)
J im
a lot o f tea. It’s his favourite drink, (drink)
6 It’s not true! I ...............................................it! (believe)
7 T hat’s a very beautiful picture. I
it very much, (like)
8 Mark is a vegetarian. H e ..............................................meat, (eat)
[21
U N IT
■ lU
A
Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
We use d o /d o e s in present simple questions:
positive
B
question
I
we
you
they
w o rk
like
do
have
he
she
it
works
likes
does
has
I
we
you
they
do
w ork?
like?
do?
have?
he
she
it
does
Study the word order:
d o /d o e s + subject
W here
H ow often
W hat
H ow much
Do
Do
D oes
do
do
does
does
+
infinitive
w o rk
live
play
live?
w ash
m ean?
c o st
you
your friends
Chris
your parents
you
this word
it
in the evening?
near here?
tennis?
your hair?
to fly to Rom e?
Questions with alw a y s/u su a lly /o fte n :
W hat
Do
D oes
do
you
Chris
you
always
o fte n
usually
have
play
do
breakfast?
tennis?
at weekends?
W h a t d o you do? = W hat’s your job?:
• ‘W h a t d o you do?’ ‘I work in a bank.’
Rem em ber:
d o I/w e/y o u /th ey ...
does h e/sh e/it ...
D
short answers
I/w e/y o u /th e y
do.
N o,
Yes,
h e /sh e /it
•
•
•
•
[22]
• D o th ey like music?
• D o e s h e like music?
1/w e /y o u /th e y
does.
h e/sh e/it
d o n ’t.
d o e s n ’t.
‘D o y o u play tennis?’ ‘No, I d o n ’t.’
‘D o y o u r p a re n ts speak English?’ ‘Yes, th ey do.’
‘D o e s G e o rg e work hard?’ ‘Yes, h e does.’
‘D o e s y o u r sister live in London.’ ‘N o, she d o e s n ’t.’
I d o /w o rk /lik e etc. =>
I d o n ’t ... (negative) =>
questions =>
UNITS 4 3 -4 6
EXERCISES
Write questions with D o ...? and Does ...?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I like chocolate. And you?
I play tennis. And you?
Tom plays tennis. And A nn?
You live near here. And your friends?
You speak English. And your brother?
I do exercises every m orning. And you?
Sue often goes away. And Paul?
1 want to be famous. And you?
You work hard. And Linda?
Do you Like- cHocoLaie -?
.................y o u ...................
.................A im ..................
Write questions. Use the words in brackets (...) + do/does. Put the words in the right order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
..............................
(where / live / your parents?).MjS*?®:.. 4
9
(you / early / always / get up?)
y°P
9^ PP ^44(11^...
(how often / TV / you / watch?)................................. .......................... ................ .
(you / want / w hat / for dinner?).................. ............. .................................................
(like / you / football?)...................................... ..............................................................
(your brother / like / football?)
..............................................................
(what / you / do / in the evenings?)
..............................................................
(your sister / work / where?)
..............................................................
(to the cinema / often / you / go?)
..............................................................
............................................. ................
(what / mean / this word?)
(often / snow / it / here?)
..................... ........................................
(go / usually / to bed / what time / you?) ............... ...............................................
(how m uch / to phone N ew York / it / cost?)
14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what?)
Complete the questions. Use these verbs:
do
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
enjoy
go
like
s ta rt
W h a t. &0 y °<4 4-0 .?
....................................................... it?
W hat tim e ................................................ in the morning?
......................
on Saturdays?
H o w ..................................................... to work?
And your husband. W h a t................................,................?
W h a t....................
?
................................................... his job?
Write short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I don’t, etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
Do you watch TV a lot? . No^ I (fo n t. OR Yes, I do.
D o you live in a big city? ....................................................
Do you often ride a bicycle? ..............................................
Does it rain a lot where you live?
Do you play the piano? ................
tea c h
w o rk
I work in a bookshop.
It’s OK.
At 9 o ’clock.
Sometimes.
Usually by bus.
H e’s a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.
I am doing and I do
(present continuous and present simple)
Jim is watching television.
He is not playing the guitar.
But Jim has a guitar.
He often plays it and he plays very well.
Jim plays the guitar
but he is n o t p lay in g the guitar now.
Is he p lay in g the guitar?
D o e s h e play the guitar?
N o , h e isn ’t.
Yes, he does.
(present continuous)
(present simple)
Present continuous (I a m d o in g ) —now, at the time o f speaking:
I’m doing
past
•
•
•
•
•
future
NOW
Please be quiet. I’m w orking, (not ‘I w ork’)
Tom is having a shower at the m om ent, (not ‘Tom has’)
Take an umbrella with you. It’s raining.
You can turn off the television. I’m not w atching it.
W hy are you under the table? W hat are you doing?
Present simple (I do) —in general, all the time or sometimes:
--------------------------------p a st ------------------------------------
•
•
•
•
•
I do
-------------------------
now
--------------------------
future
I w o rk every day from 9 o ’clock to 5.30.
Tom h as a shower ever )7m orning.
It rain s a lot in winter.
I d o n ’t w a tc h television very often.
W hat d o you usually d o at the weekend?
We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I a m -ing):
like
p refe r
Use the
•
•
•
love
h a te
w ant
need
know
m ean
u n d e rs ta n d
believe
rem em b er
fo rg e t
present simple only w ith these verbs (I w a n t / d o y o u like? etc.):
I’m tired. I w a n t to go home, (not ‘I’m wanting’)
‘D o you k n o w that girl?’ ‘Yes, but I d o n ’t r e m e m b e r her name.’
I d o n ’t u n d e rs ta n d . W hat d o you m ean?
present co n tin u o u s:
UNITS 3 -4
present simple :
UNITS 5 -7
present for the future =
depend
U N IT
EXERCISES
8.1
8
Answer the questions about the pictures.
1
o.
I’m o.
photographer.
1 Does he take photographs? ,YMi..h?:.4pes.
Is he taking a photograph? , M . ® > .4....
W hat is he doing? He’s havipg a. b a ih , ...
2 Is she driving a bus?............................................. Does she drive a bus? ......................................
W hat is she doing? ................................................................................................................................
3 Does he clean w indow s?..................................... Is he cleaning a w in d o w ? ...............................
W hat is he doing?..................................................................................................................................
4 Are they teaching?..............................................
D o they tea c h ? .................................................
W hat do they d o ? ..................................................................................................................................
8.2
C\
Put in am/is/are or do/don’t/does/doesn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
Excuse me, ...4®. you speak English?
W h e re ’s Ann?’ ‘I ............................know.’
W hat’s funny? W h y ............................you laughing?
W h a t ............................your sister do?’ ‘She’s a dentist.’
I t ........................... raining. I .............................. want to go out in the rain.
6 ‘W h e re .............................you come from?’ ‘Canada.’
7 H ow m u c h .............................it cost to phone Canada?
8 George is a good tennis player but h e ............................play very often.
8.3
Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or the present simple (I do).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Excuse me. ^9 y°w
(you/speak) English?
‘W here’s Tom?’
.... (he/have) a shower.’
L4pp............... ...(I/not/w atch) television very often.
Listen! S om ebody..................................................(sing).
Sandra is tired....................................................... (she/want) to go hom e now.
blow o fte n ...................................................(you/read) a newspaper?
‘Excuse me b u t ................................................... (you/sit) in my place.’ ‘O h, I’m sorry.’
I’m sorry,...................................................(I/not/understand). Can you speak more slowly?
It’s late
(l/g °) hom e now................................................................
(you/come) w ith me?
W hat tim e .................................................................(your father / finish) work in the evenings?
You can turn off the radio...................................................... (I/not/listen) to it.
‘W here’s Paul?’ ‘In the kitchen.....................................................(he/cook) something.’
M a rtin ........................................................................................... (not/usually/drive) to work. He
................................................. (usually/walk).
S u e ............................................ (not/like) coffee................................................... (she/prefer) tea.
[25
U N IT
I have . . . / I ’ve g o t .
You can say I have or I ’ve got, h e has or h e ’s got:
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
•
•
•
•
•
have
OR
I
we
you
they
has
OR
he
she
it
have g o t
(I’ve got)
(we’ve got)
(you’ve got)
(they’ve got)
has g o t
(he’s got)
(she’s got)
(it’s got)
I’ve g o t blue eyes, (or I have blue eyes.)
T im has g o t two sisters, (or T im has two sisters.)
O u r car has g o t four doors.
Diane isn’t feeling well. She’s g o t a headache, (she’s got = she has got)
They like animals. T h e y ’ve g o t a horse, three dogs and six cats.
I h a v e n ’t g o t / have you got? etc.
negative
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
question
have n o t
(haven’t)
have
got
has n o t
(hasn’t)
has
short answers
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
Yes,
No,
I
we
you
they
have.
h a v e n ’t.
Yes,
No,
he
she
it
has.
h a s n ’t.
got?
I’ve g o t a m otor-bike but I h a v e n ’t g o t a car.
M r and Mrs Harris h a v e n ’t g o t any children.
It’s a nice house but it h a s n ’t g o t a garden.
‘H ave you g o t a camera?’ ‘N o, I h a v e n ’t.’
‘W hat have you g o t in your bag?’ ‘Nothing. It’s empty.’
‘H as Ann g o t a car?’ ‘Yes, she has.’
W hat kind o f car h as she got?
I d o n ’t have / d o you have? etc.
In negatives and questions you can also use d o /d o e s ... :
• They d o n ’t have any children. (— They h a v e n ’t g o t any children.)
• It’s a nice house but it d o e s n ’t have a garden. (= it h a s n ’t g o t a garden)
• D o es Ann have a car? (= H as Ann g o t a car?)
• H ow m uch m oney d o 'you have? (= H ow m uch m oney have you got?)
[26]
h ad / d id n ’t have (past) =>
so m e /a n y => u n it 7 5
have b reak fast / have a sh o w er etc. =>
u n it
57
U N IT
EXERCISES
9.1
Write the short form (we’ve got / he hasn’t got etc.).
1 we have got ...V^e-.Y&. gpfc
2 he has got .........................
9.2
3 they have g o t
4 she has not g o t .................
Write questions.
(you / an umbrella?)
(you / a passport?)
(your father / a car?)
(Carol / many friends?)
(you / any brothers or sisters?)
(how m uch money / we?)
9.3
Hqy&jjow gob a n umbrella.?
What has Tina got?
What have you got?
Look at the information
and write sentences
about Tina and
yourself.
1
2
3
4
9.4
5 it has g o t ........
6 I have not got
(a camera) ..Tina h a s got a c ^ e r a . I ’ve. g o t (OR I..haven't ,gob) 1^
(a bicycle) Tina ................................................................................................................
(long hair) ........................................................................................... .............................
(brothers/sisters) .............................................. ................... ........................................... .
Put in have got (’ve got), has got (’s got), haven’t got or hasn’t got.
I Sarah h*sn fc g o t
a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.
2
3
4
5
ems.
'h ats wrong?
I ......................................... something in my eye.
6
'here’s my pen?’ ‘ I don’t know. I ......................................... it.’
7 Julia wants to go to the concert but s h e .........................................a ticket.
9.5
Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven’t/hasn’t got + one of these:
a lot o f friends
four wheels
six legs
a h eadache
a toothache
a key
m uch time
1
2
3
4
5
I’m not feeling very well. I
heod^che.It’s a nice house but it h a sn fc got a garcien .
M ost c a rs.......................................................................
Everybody likes Tom. H e .................
I’m going to the dentist this m orning. I
6 H e can’t open the door. H e ..............
7 An in se c t.................................................
8 We must hurry. W e ............................
[27
U N IT
10
was/were
N ow R o b ert is at work.
At m idnight last night he
w a sn ’t at work.
H e w as in bed.
H e w as asleep.
a m /is
•
•
•
(present) —> w as (past):
I a m tired, (now)
W here is Ann? (now)
The weather is good today.
I w as tired last n ig h t.
W here was Ann yesterday?
T he weather w as good last w eek.
are (present) —> w ere (past):
• You are late, (now)
• They a re n ’t here, (now)
B
You w ere late yesterday.
They w e re n ’t here last Sunday.
positive
negative
I
he
she
it
was
I
he
she
it
was n o t
(w asn’t)
w ere
we
you
they
w ere n o t
(w eren’t)
we
you
they
•
•
•
•
question
was
w ere
I?
he?
she?
it?
we?
you?
they?
Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
W hen I w as a child, I w as afraid o f dogs.
We w ere hungry after the journey but we w e re n ’t tired.
T he hotel w as comfortable but it w a sn ’t expensive.
• Was the weather good w hen you w ere on holiday?
• Those shoes are nice. W ere they expensive?
• W hy w ere you late this morning?
short answers
I/he/she/it was.
Yes,
I/he/she/it w a sn ’t.
No,
w e/you/they w ere.
we/you/they w e re n ’t.
• ‘W ere you late?’ ‘No, I w a sn ’t.’
• ‘Was T ed at work yesterday?’ ‘Yes, h e was.’
• ‘W ere Sue a n d Steve at the party?’ ‘No, th ey w e re n ’t.’
[28]
a m /is /a re
UNITS 1 -2
I was d oing
U N IT
^
10
EXERCISES
10.1
Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon?
\
.George w a s un bedL.
2 Carol and J a c k
3 Sue
"10.2
Put in am/is/are (present) or was/were (past).
-v
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10.3
4
5 .............................................................................
6 And you? I .....................................................
Last year she .WAS... 22, so she ..*£... 23 now.
Today the w eather................nice, but yesterday i t
very cold.
I ..................hungry. Can I have something to eat?
I feel fine this m orning but 1
very tired last night.
W h e re ..................you at 11 o ’clock last Friday morning?
D o n ’t buy those shoes. T h e y ..................very expensive.
I like your new jacket....................... it expensive?
This time last year I ..................in Paris.
‘W h e re
the children?’ ‘I don’t know. T h e y
in the garden ten minutes ago.’
Put in was/were or w asn’t/weren’t.
1
2
3
4
5
We weren’t happy with the hotel. O ur room ...WAS. very' small and i t ...b'M.P.j?.. very clean.
G eo rg e............... at work last week because h e ..............................ill. H e’s better now.
Yesterday..................a public holiday so the shops................... closed. They’re open today.
‘
Sue and Bill at the party?’ ‘S u e .............. there but B ill...................’
‘W here are my keys?’ ‘I don’t know. T h e y .................on the table but they’re not there now.’
6 Y ou..................at hom e last night. W h e re ..................you?
10.4
Write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...) in the correct order + was/were.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(late / you / this m orning / why?)
Why were you L&Le tints morning?
T he traffic was bad.
(difficult / your exam?)
N o, it was easy.
(last week / where / Ann and Chris?)
They were on holiday.
(your new camera / how much?)
1 *-Sixty pounds.
(angry / you / yesterday / why?)
Because you were late.
(nice / the weather / last week?)
Yes, it was beautiful.
[29j
U N IT
11
A
worked/got/went etc. (past simple)
They
w a tc h
television every evening.
(present simple)
They w a tc h e d
television yesterday evening.
(past simple)
w a tc h e d is the past simple:
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
w atched
T he past simple is often - e d (regular verbs). For example:
work —> w orked
stay —>stayed
•
•
•
•
clean —> cleaned
arrive —» arrived
start —> started
dance —» danced
I clean my teeth every m orning. This m orning 1 cleaned my teeth.
Terry w orked in a bank from 1986 to 1993.
Yesterday it rained all m orning. It stopped at lunchtime.
We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot o f people.
The party finished at midnight.
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
try —» tried
study —> studied
copy —> copied
stop —> stopped
plan —>planned
Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). T he past simple is not -e d . Here are some im portant
irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2—3):
begin —» b e g a n
break
b ro k e
b ro u g h t
bring
b u ilt
build
bought
buy
catch
caught
come
cam e
d id
do
d ra n k
drink
eat
ate
fall ->
find
fly
forget
get
give
g°
have
hear
know
fell
fo u n d
flew
fo rg o t
got
gave
w ent
had
h e a rd
knew
leave -> left
lose
lo st
m ade
make
m et
meet
p a id
pay
put
put
read
rea d /re d /*
ring
ra n g
said
say
see
saw
sell -» sold
sit
sat
sleep
slept
speak
spoke
stand
s to o d
take
to o k
tell
to ld
think
th o u g h t
win
w on
write
w ro te
pronunciation
•
•
•
•
[30]
I usually get up early but this m orning I g o t up at 9.30.
We d id a lot o f work yesterday.
Caroline w e n t to the cinema three times last week.
Jim c a m e into the room, to o k ofifhis coat and sat down.
w a s/w ere :
UNIT 10
I
d id n ’t ... / D id you ... ? (negative and questions) => ;UNIT 1 2
ago =>
UNIT 19
U N IT
11
EXERCISES
11-1
Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
clean
die
enjoy
finish
happen
open
ra in
s ta rt
stay
w ant
1 I
. my teeth three times yesterday.
It was hot in the room, so 1 ............................the window.
The c o n c ert
at 7.30 a n d .............................. at 10 o ’clock.
W hen 1 was a child, I
to be a doctor.
The accident.............................last. Sunday afternoon.
6 It’s a nice day today but yesterday i t ............................. all day.
7 W e .............................our holiday last year. W e
at a very nice place.
8 Ann’s grandfather
w hen he was 90 years old.
2
3
4
5
11 .2
Write the past simple of these verbs.
1 get .
2 see .
3 play
11*3
4 pay ....................
5 visit ....................
6 buy ....................
7 go ....
8 think
9 copy
10 know
11 put ...
12 speak
Read about Lisa’s journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.
r \
Last Tuesday Lisa (1)
from London to M adrid. She (2 )....................up
at six o ’clock in the m orning and (3 )
a cup o f coffee. At 6.30
she (4 )................... hom e and (5 ).....................to the airport. W hen she
(6) .................. , she (7 ).................... the car and then (8) .................... to the airport
cafe where she (9 )................... breakfast. T hen she (1 0 ).................... through
passport control and (1 1 )
for her flight. T he plane.( 1 2 )...................
on time and (1 3 )
in Madrid two hours later. Finally she
(1 4 )................... a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre o f M adrid.
11.4
fly, get
have
leave, drive
arrive, park, go
have, go
wait, depart
arrive
take
Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.).
Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday
Ji0 wo^ .
caJr
Rachel often loses her keys. S h e ...................................................................................... last week.
Kate meets her friends every evening. She
yesterday evening.
1 usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I ......................................................................
We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday w e ............................................................
6 I eat an orange every day. Yesterday 1 ................................................................................................
7 Tom always has a shower in the m orning. This m orning h e .........................................................
8 O u r friends come to see'us every Friday. T h e y ............................................................ last Friday
1
2
3
4
5
11.5
Write sentences about what you did yesterday.
1 I ployed volleyball ye-sterd^y 2 .......................... .................................................
3 ..................................... ......................................
4
5 ..........................................................................
6 ................................. .........................................
[31
U N IT
12
A
I didn’t ...
Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)
We use d id in past simple negatives and questions:
infinitive
positive
negative
played
started
watched
had
saw
d id
w ent
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
play
start
watch
have
see
do
go
l
we
you
they
he
she
it
question
d id n o t
(d id n ’t)
B
d o /d o e s (present) —» did (past):
• I d o n ’t watch television very often.
• I d id n ’t watch television yesterday.
• D oes she often go away?
• D id she go away last w eek?
c
We use d id /d id n ’t + infinitive (w a tc h /p la y /g o etc.):
I w atched
they w e n t
he h ad
you d id
but
play
start
watch
have
see
do
go
I d id n ’t w a tc h (not‘Ididn’t watched’)
d id they go?
(not ‘did they went?’)
he d id n ’t have
d id you do?
• I played tennis yesterday but I d id n ’t w in.
• ‘D id you d o the shopping?’ ‘No, I d id n ’t have time.’
• We w e n t to the cinema but we d id n ’t enjoy the film.
D
Study the word order in questions:
did + subject
What
How
W here
D id
did
did
d id
+
your sister
you
the acciden t
your parents
infinitive
phone
do
hap p en ?
go
you?
yesterday evening?
for their holiday?
short answers
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
•
•
•
•
‘D id
D id
‘D id
‘D id
, .
No,
V w e /y o V & e y
h c/sh c/it
you see Joe yesterday?’ ‘No, I d id n ’t.’
it rain on Sunday?’ ‘Yes, it did.’
H e le n come to the party?’ ‘No, she d id n ’t.’
y o u r p a re n ts have a good holiday?’ ‘Yes, th ey did.’
w o rk e d /g o t/w e n t etc. (past simple) =>
UNIT 11
d id
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
play?
start?
watch?
have?
see?
do?
go?
U N IT
12
EXERCISES
12.1
Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1
2
3
4
5
12.2
I saw Barbara but I
Jane.
They worked on Monday but th e y ......................................... on Tuesday.
We went to the post office but w e ......................................... to the bank.
She had a pen but s h e ......................................... any paper.
Jack did French at school but h e ......................................... German.
Write questions with Did ...?
1
2
3
4
5
12.3
/"V
12.4
I watched TV last night. And you?
.
I enjoyed the party. And you?
...........................................................
I had a good holiday. And you?
...........................................................
I finished work early. And you?............ ...........................................................
I slept well last night. And you?............ ...........................................................
What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
(Watch TV)
(get up before 7 o’clock)
(have a shower)
(buy a magazine)
(eat meat)
6 (go to bed before 10.30)
..!...w.?lr ^ .? 4 ’...Ty.:.. OR | clictrx’t vo<3^fccFi TW.
I
Write B’s questions. Use:
arriv e
r '
c o st
go
go to b e d late
happen
stay
w in
l A: We went to N ew York last m onth.
you s ta y ?
B: W here
A: With some friends.
5 A: We came hom e by taxi.
B: H ow much .....................................
A: Ten pounds.
?
2 A: I was late this m orning.
B: W hat tim e ............................................ ?
A: H alf past nine.
6 A: I’m tired this m orning.
B: ..........................................................
A: No, but 1 didn’t sleep very well.
?
3 A: I played tennis this afternoon.
B:
A: N o, I lost.
7 A: We went to the beach yesterday.
B: ..........................................................
A: Yes, it was great.
?
8 A: T he window is broken.
B: H o w ................................................
A: 1 don’t know.
?
✓
4 A: I had a nice holiday.
B: Good. W h e re ...................................... ?
A: To the mountains.
12.5
have a n ice tim e
Put the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
We w ent to the cinema but the film wasn’t very good. We
py it. (enjoy)
T i m ............................... some new clothes yesterday - two shirts, a jacket and a pullover, (buy)
‘...............................................yesterday?’ ‘N o, it was a nice day.’ (rain)
T he party wasn’t very good, so w e ..............................................long, (stay)
It was very warm in the room, so I ..............................................a window, (open)
‘Did you go to the bank this m orning?’ ‘No, I ............................................... time.’ (have)
‘I cut my hand this morning.’ ‘H o w ............................................... that?’ (do)
[3 3
U N IT
13
A
I was doing (past continuous)
SAR AH
sjmTrm.il
filil) ^
4 O ’C L O C K
r ' - —dT— “ ----— ------ :----- — It is 6 o ’clock now.
N O W 6 O ’C L O C K
Sarah is at home.
She is w a tc h in g television.
At 4 o ’clock she w asn ’t at home.
She was at the sports club.
She was p lay in g tennis.
She w a sn ’t w a tc h in g television.
she began
playing
B
she stopped
playing
w a s/w e re + -in g is the past continuous:
positive
negative
1
1
he
she
it
he
she
it
we
you
they
was
w ere
doing
watching
playing
ru nning
living
etc.
we
you
they
question
was n o t
(w asn’t)
w ere n o t
(w eren ’t)
doing
watching
playing
ru n n in g
living
was
I
he
she
it
w ere
we
you
they
etc.
doing?
watching?
playing?
running?
living?
etc.
• W hat w ere you d o in g at 11.30 yesterday? W ere you w ork in g ?
• ‘W hat did he say?’ ‘I don’t know. I w a sn ’t listen in g .’
• It w as rain in g , so we didn’t go out.
• In 1985 we w ere liv in g in Canada.
• Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was w e a rin g trousers.
• 1 woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. T he sun was sh in in g and the
birds w ere singing.
Spelling (live —> living / run —» ru n n in g / lie —» lying etc.) => Appendix 5
a m /is /a r e + -in g (present) —» w a s/w e re + -in g (past):
• I’m w orking (now).
I w as w orking at 10.30 last n ig h t.
• It isn ’t raining (now).
It w a sn ’t raining w hen we went out.
• W hat are you doing (now)? W hat w ere you d o in g at three o ’clock?
w as/w e re =>
I w as d o in g and I did (past continuous and simple) =>
UNIT 14
U N IT
EXERCISES
13.1
13
Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they
doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
3
TOM
[
/■>
M
CAROL
(TDj\
4
C A T H E R I N E —.
M R AND
M RS H ALL
''m s
0 j
C L_)\
ja ck
I l P
in ?
hom e /
J U I ) th e c in e m a /
w a tc h T V
w a tc h a film
1
5
i S
f t
m
th e sta tio n /
w a it fo r a train
Y~T
his c a r / d riv e
il
th e p a rk / w a lk ^
Ann was a t Home. SHe was watching TV.
2 C a r o l a n d J a c k ...........................................................................
T h e v .........................................
3 T o m .........................................................................................................................................
4 ......................................................................................................................................................................
6 And you?
I ........................................................................................................................
C'
13.2
Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
/'■N
8 .1 0 -8 .2 5
1 At 9.45 sHe was washing Her c a r.
2 At 11.45 s h e ...........................................
3 At 9 o ’c lo c k ...........................................
13.3
Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
r"
134
4 At 12.50
5 At 8.15 ...
6 At 10.30
(you/live) .V ^ere w ^e.y o u
m1990?
(you/do)
at 2 o ’clock?
(it/rain) .................................................... w hen you got up?
(Ann/drive) ..................................................................so fast?
(Tim /wear) ...................................................a suit yesterday?
In London.
I was asleep.
No, it was sunny.
Because she was in a hurry.
No, a T-shirt and jeans.
Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or
negative sentences.
(wear / a jacket)
w asn’t weAruag a j < ^ e i .
(carry / a bag) ............................................................................
(go / to the dentist) ...................................................................
(eat / an ice-cream) ...................................................................
(carry / an umbrella) ................................................................
(go / h o m e ) ................................................................................
(wear / a hat) ..............................................................................
(ride / a bicycle) ........................................................................
[35
U N IT
14
I was doing (past continuous) and
I did (past simple)
Jack was reading a book.
The phone rang.
He stopped reading.
He answered the phone.
W hat h ap p en ed ? T he phone ran g , (past simple)
W hat was Jack d o in g w hen the phone rang?
(past continuous)
He w as re a d in g a book.
W hat did he d o when the phone rang?
H e sto p p e d reading and answ ered the phone.
(past simple)
Jack began reading before the phone rang.
So: W h en the phone rang, he w as read in g .
he began
reading
the phone
rang
j
... .
he stopped
reading
he answered
the phone
HE WAS READING
B
past continuous
past simple
A: W hat d id you d o yesterday morning?
B: We played tennis, (from 10 to 11.30)
beginning
end
beginning
(10 o'clock)
(11 .30)
(10 o'clock)
we played
we w ere p lay in g
(complete action)
(unfinished action)
• Jack rea d a book yesterday. (= from
beginning to end)
• D id you w a tc h the film on television
last night?
• It d id n ’t rain while we were on holiday.
• Jack w as re a d in g a book w hen the
phone rang.
• W ere you w a tc h in g television w hen I
phoned you?
• It w a sn ’t ra in in g when I got up.
•
•
•
•
[36]
• A: W hat w ere you d o in g at 10.30?
B: We w ere p lay in g tennis.
I s ta rte d work at 9 o’clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I w as w o rk in g .
It w as ra in in g w hen we w e n t out. (= it started raining before we went out)
I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning. They w ere w a itin g at the bus stop.
Jenny fell asleep while she w as read in g .
I d id (past sim ple):
UNITS 1 1 -1 2
I w as d o in g (past continuous) => IUHIT 13
w h ile => IUNIT 9 8
U N IT
EXERCISES
14.1
14
Look at the pictures and put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
Carol
(break) her arm last
week. I t ...........................................(happen)
w hen s h e ...........................................(paint)
her room. S h e .........................................
(fall) off the ladder.
T he tra in ...........................................(arrive)
at the station and P aula...............................
(get) off. Two friends o f hers, John and
Jen n y ,...........................................(wait) to
m eet her.
( I’m goby to
^ ^3r~r
e s •to
to o nV—
...^
■■
/—s
r '
1 4 .2
Yesterday S u e .........................................
(walk) along the road w hen she
...........................................(meet) Jim.
H e .......................................... (go) to the
station to catch a train and he
.......................................... (carry) a bag.
T h e y ...........................................(stop) to
talk for a few minutes.
Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.
i A
B:
2 A
B:
3 A
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
IV ?
(stop) you?
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
8 A:
B:
9 A:
B:
10 A:
B:
A:
(kick) the ball and i t ............................................,..............(hit) the window.
......................................................... (you/see) Jenny last night?
Yes, s h e
(wear) a very nice jacket.
W h a t...........................................................(you/do) at 2 o’clock this morning?
1 was asleep.
I .........................................................(lose) my key last night.
H o w ...........................................................(you/get) into your room?
1 ......................................................... (climb) in through a window.
(3 7
UNIT
15
I have done (present perfect 1)
A
B
His shoes are dirty.
He is cleaning his shoes.
H e has c le a n e d his shoes.
(= his shoes are clean now)
Tliev are at home.
They are going out.
They have g o n e out.
( - they are not at home now)
has c le a n e d / have g o n e etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle):
past participle
I
we
you
they
have (’ve)
have n o t (haven’t)
he '
has (’s)
has n o t (hasn’t)
t
cleaned
finished
started
lo st
done
be e n
gone
have
cleaned?
finished?
started?
lost?
done?
been?
gone?
regular verbs
>irregular verbs
Regular verbs: T he past participle is - e d (the same as the past simple):
clean —» I have cleaned
finish —» we have finished
start —> she has started
Irregular verbs: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes
different (=> Appendix 2-3). For example:
the same:
buy —> I b o u g h t / 1 have b o u g h t
have —> he h a d / he has h a d
different:
We use
•
•
•
•
•
•
[3 8 ]
break —> I b ro k e / I have b ro k e n
fall —> it fell / it has fallen
see —> you saw / you have seen
go —> they w e n t / they have go n e
the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:
I’ve lo st my passport. (= 1 can’t find my passport now)
‘W here’s Linda?’ ‘She’s g o n e to bed.’ (= she is in bed now)
W e’ve b o u g h t a new car. (= we have a new car now)
It’s R achel’s birthday tom orrow and I h a v e n ’t b o u g h t her a present.
‘Bob is on holiday.’ ‘O h, where has he gone?’
Can I take this newspaper? H ave you finished with it?
present p e rfe c t:
UNITS 1 6 - 1 9
present perfect and past simple => I
irregular verbs =£
UNIT 2 4 , APPENDIX 2 - 3
U N IT
EXERCISES
15.1
15
Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from:
g o to b e d
elean-his sh o es
before
sto p ra in in g
close th e d o o r
fall d o w n
have a b a th
now
He h a s c le a n e d his s h o e s .
Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
b rea k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
buy
d e c id e
fin is h fo rg e t
go
go
in v ite
see
n o t/s e e
tak e
tell
‘Can I have this newspaper?’ ‘Yes, I
.... w ith it.’
I .................................................. some new shoes. D o you w ant to see them?
‘W here is Liz?’ ‘S h e ....................................................out.’
I’m looking for Paula............................... y o u .............................. her?
Look! Som ebody....................................................that window.
‘Does Lisa know that you’re going away?’ ‘Yes, I ..................................................... her.’
I can’t find my umbrella. Som ebody ..................................................... it.
I’m looking for Sarah. W h e re ............................s h e ...............................?
1 know that woman but I ..................................................... her name.
Sue is having a party tonight. S h e ..................................................... a lot o f people.
W hat are you going to do? ............................y o u ...............................?
‘W here are my glasses?’ ‘I don’t know. I ..................................................... them .’
[3 9
UNIT
16
I’ve ju s t...
I’ve a lre a d y ...
I haven’t ... yet
(present perfect 2)
I’ve ju s t ...
ju s t = a short time ago
They have ju s t a rriv ed .
A
B
Are Diane and Paul here?
Yes, they’ve ju s t a rriv ed .
A
B
Are you hungry?
No, I’ve ju s t h a d dinner.
A
B
Is Tom here?
N o, I’m afraid he’s ju s t gone.
(= he has just gone)
B
alread y = before you expected / before I expected
• A: W hat time are Diane and Paul coming?
B: They’ve alread y a rriv ed . (= before you
expected)
• It’s only nine o ’clock and Ann has alread y go n e
to bed. (= before I expected)
• A: John, this is Mary.
B: Yes, I know. We’ve alread v m e t.
I h av en ’t ... yet / H ave you ... yet?
yet = until now
You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences:
A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: No, they h a v e n ’t a rriv e d yet.
(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)
A: Does John know that you’re going away?
B: No, I h a v e n ’t to ld him yet.
(but B is going to tell him soon)
Margaret has bought a new dress but she h a s n ’t
w o rn it yet.
The film h a s n ’t s ta rte d yet.
yet in questions:
• A: H ave Diane and Paul a rriv e d yet?
B: No, not yet. We’re still waiting for them.
• A: H as Linda s ta rte d her new job yet?
B: No, she starts next week.
• A: This is my new dress.
B: O h, it’s nice. H ave you w o rn it yet?
[401
present perfect =
u n it s
1 5 ,1 7 -2 0
w ord o rd er =
still, yet and already =
r~
U N IT
16
EXERCISES
16.1
Write a sentence with just for each picture.
1 ... Tb.ey.*vc. j u s t a rrived ,.
3 T h e y ......
4 T he race
2 H e ....................................
16.2
Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
W hat time is Paul arriving?
Do Sue and Bill want to see the film?
D on’t forget to phone Tom.
W hen is Martin going away?
Do you want to read the newspaper?
W hen does Linda start her new job?
<6.3
He’s a lre ad y arriv ed .
No, th e y ................................... ................ it.
1 .................................................
H e ..............................................
I .................................................
She ............................................
Write a sentence with just (They’ve ju s t... / She’s ju s t ... etc.) o ra negative sentence with yet (They
haven’t ... yet / She hasn’t ... yet etc.).
now
1ib-sd fiVj going
.out soon.
a few
minutes ago
a fe w
minutes ago
(she / go / out)
She H asn't gone out yet.
pi f jh ts presentj
n
(the bus / go) T he bus
(the bus / go)
(they / finish /th e ir dinner)
(it / stop / raining)
nou>
M s
r\
afe w
minutes ago
(he / open / it)
16.4
Write questions with yet.
1 Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps
she has started it. You ask her:
Have you sta rte d , your new job yet?
3 Your friend must w rite a letter. Perhaps
she has w ritten it now. You ask her:
2 Your friend has some new neighbours.
Perhaps he has m et them. You ask him:
............... y o u .............................................
4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he
has sold it now. You ask a friend about Tom:
[41
Have you e v e r ... ? (present perfect 3)
We use the present perfect (have b e e n / have h ad / have played etc.) w hen we talk about a time
from the past until now - for example, a person’s life:
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO JAPAN?
time from the past until now
past
NOW
•
•
‘H ave you b e e n to France?’ (in your life) ‘N o, I h a v e n ’t.’
I’ve b e e n to Canada but 1 h a v e n ’t b e e n to the U nited States.
& Mary is an interesting person. She has h a d many different jobs and has lived in many
places.
• I’ve seen that woman before but I can’t rem em ber where.
• H ow many times has Brazil w o n the W orld Cup?
• ‘H ave you rea d this book?’ ‘Yes, I’ve read it twice.’( tw ice = two times)
present perfect + ever (in .questions) and never:
•
•
•
•
•
‘H as Ann ever b e e n to Australia?’ ‘Yes, once.’ (once = one time)
‘H ave you ever played golf?’ ‘Yes, I often play golf.’
My m other has n ev er travelled by air.
I’ve n ev er rid d e n a horse.
‘W ho is that man?’ ‘1 don’t know. I’ve n ev er seen him before.’
g o n e and b e e n
Bill has g o n e to Spain.
(= he is in Spain now)
Bill has b e e n to Spain.
(= he went to Spain but now he is back)
Compare:
• I can’t find Susan. W here has she gone? (= W here is she now?)
• O h, hello Susan! I was looking for you. W here have you been?
present perfect =>
u n it s
1 5 - 1 6 ,1 8 , 20
present perfect and past simple
UNIT 2 0
U N IT
EXERCISES
17.1
You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ? Write the questions.
/ you
17.2
17
(London?) Hcr.ye you &ver been to London?
(play / golf?) Have you ever played, golf?
(Australia?) Have .............................................
(lose / your passport?) ......................................
(fly / in a helicopter?) ......................................
(eat / Chinese food?) .......................................
(New York?) .....................................................
(drive / a bus?) ..................................................
(break / your leg?) ............................................
No, never.
Yes, many times.
No, never.
Yes, once.
No, never.
Yes, a few times.
Yes, twice.
No, never.
Yes, once.
Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.)
1
2
3
4
(New York) Helen Has been to New York twice.
(Australia) H e le n ....................................................................
(Chinese food) ..........................................................................
(drive / a bus) ............................................................................
How write about yourself. How often have you done these things?
5
6
7
8
r '
17.3
(New York) I .............................................................................
(play / tennis) ............................................................................
(fly / in a helicopter) ................................................................
(be / late for work or school) ..................................................
Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done?
htWC
do
travel
be
write
meet
all over the world
many different jobs
ten books
a lot of interesting things
a lot of interesting people
married three times
SHe H a s Hod- m an y d i f f e r e n t j o b s .
S h e .........................................................
r \
17.4
r '
Put in gone or been.
Bill is on holiday at the moment. He’s 9cme
to Spain.
‘W here’sJill?’ ‘She’s not here. 1 think she’s ......................... to the bank.’
Hello, Sue. Where have y o u .......................... ? Have you ...
... to the bank?
‘Have you ever............................to Mexico?’ ‘No, never.’
My parents aren’t at home this evening. They’v e .................
out.
There’s a new restaurant in town. Have y o u ......................... to it?
Ann knows Paris well. She’s ............................there many times.
Helen was here earlier but I think she’s ............................now.
[43
U N IT
18
A
How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
Jill is on holiday in Ireland. She is there now.
She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Today is Thursday.
How long has she b e e n in Ireland?
i i i (f since M onday.
She has .been in Ireland
, 1
( fo r th re e days.
Compare is and has been:
She is in Ireland
now .
CM .
,
r i i l since M onday.
She has b een in Ireland j fo r th re e day'
Monday
is = present
has b e e n = present perfect
now
Thursday
B
Compare:
present perfect simple (have b e e n /h a v e liv e d /h a v e k n o w n etc.)
present simple
Mark and Liz are married.
They have b e e n m arried fo r five years,
(inot ‘They are married for five years.’)
A re you married?
H o w lo n g have you b e e n married?
(not ‘H ow long are you m arried?’)
D o you k n o w Sarah?
H o w lo n g have you k n o w n her?
(not ‘How' long do you know her?’)
I k n o w Sarah.
I’ve k n o w n her fo r a long time.
(not ‘1 know her for ...’)
Linda lives in London.
H o w lo n g has she lived in London?
She has lived there all h e r life.
I have a car.
H o w lo n g have you h a d your car?
I’ve h a d it since April.
present perfect continuous (have b een + ing)
present, continuous
[44|
I’m learning German.
H o w lo n g have you b e e n learning German?
(not ‘H ow long are you learning German?’)
I’ve b e e n learning German fo r two years.
David is w atching TV.
H o w lo n g has he b e e n w atching TV?
H e ’s b e e n (= H e has been) w atching TV since 5 o ’clock.
It’s raining.
It’s b e e n (= It has been) raining all day.
for and since =>! units
1 9, 97
EXERCISES
Complete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jill is in hospital. She
in hospital since Monday.
I know Sarah. I
her for a long time.
Linda and Frank are married. T h e y ..............................................m arried since 1989.
Brian is ill. H e
ill for the last few days.
We live in Scott Road. W e
there for ten years.
Catherine works in a bank. S h e ............................................... in a bank for five years.
Alan has a headache. H e ............................................... a headache since he got up this m orning.
I’m learning English. I ............................................... English for six months.
Make questions with How long
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jill is on holiday.
Mike and Judy are in Brazil.
I know Margaret.
Diana is learning Italian.
My brother lives in Canada.
I’m a teacher.
It is raining.
(I live in Wales)
How long hccs sh e been on b oliclay ?
How lo n g .....................................................................?
How lo n g ................ y o u ............................................ ?
/ t h e sun is
V shining. .
Pm
y w a iftn ^
(
/ O,
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with one of these:
fo r ten m in u te s
1
2
3
4
5
6
all day
all h e r life
fo r te n years
since he was 20
sin ce S unday
They have been married, for ten y e a rs .
S h e ............................................................................................................................................................
T h e y ........................................................................................................................................................
T he sun ...................................................................................................................................................
S h e ...........................................................................................................................................................
H e .............................................................................................................................................................
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mark is-/ has been in Canada since April.
has been is right
Jane is a good friend o f mine. I know' / have known her very well.
Jane is a good friend o f mine. I know' / have know n her for a long time.
‘Sorry I’m late. H ow long are you / have you been waiting?’ ‘N ot long. Only five minutes.’
M artin works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his jo b very much.
Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been reading it for two hours.
‘H ow long do you live / have you lived in this house?’
‘About ten years.’
‘Is that a new coat?’ ‘No, I have / I’ve had this coat for a long time.’
Tom is / has been in Spain at the m om ent. He is / has been there for the last three days.
for since ago
fo r and since
We use fo r and since to say how long.
• Jill is in Ireland. She has b e e n there (
c^ s‘
J
I since M onday.
We use fo r + a period o f time (three days /
tw o years etc.):
Monday
—> Tuesday
—> Wednesday
We use since + the start o f the period
(M onday / 9 o ’c lo c k etc.):
start of
the period
i
since M o n d ay
-<----------fo r th re e days ------------ ►
Monday
NOW
past
past
NOW
since
fo r
three days
an hour
a week
a month
five years
ten minutes
two hours
four weeks
six m onths
a long time
Richard has been in Canada fo r six
m o n th s, (not ‘since six m onths’)
W e’ve been waiting fo r tw o h ours.
(not ‘since two hours’)
I’ve lived in London fo r a lo n g tim e .
Monday
9 o’clock
24 July
January1985
Wednesday
12.30
Christmas
I was ten years old
we arrived
Richard has been in Canada since
Ja n u a ry . (= from January to now)
We’ve been waiting since 9 o ’clock.
(= from 9 o ’clock to now)
I’ve lived in London since I was te n
years old.
ago
ago = before now:
• Susan started her new job th re e w eeks ago. (= three weeks before now)
• ‘W hen did Tom go out?’ ‘T en m in u te s ago.’ (= ten minutes before now)
• I had dinner an h o u r ago.
• Life was very different a h u n d re d years ago.
We use a g o with the past (s ta rte d /d id /h a d /w a s etc.).
Compare ago and for:
• W h e n d id Jill a rriv e in Ireland?
She a rriv e d in Ireland th re e days ago.
• H o w lo n g has she b e e n in Ireland?
She has b e e n in Ireland fo r th re e days.
present perfect + fo r/sin ce
UNIT 18
fro iu /u n til/s in c e /fo r => IUNIT
97
fo r and d u rin g => | UNIT 9 8
U N IT
-jg
EXERCISES
19.1
/''"N
/—V
19.2
Write for or since.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Answer these questions. Use ago.
I
2
3
4
5
19.3
Jill has been in Ireland TvT three days.
My aunt has lived in Australia
15 years.
Margaret is in her office. She has been th e re ......................7 o ’clock.
India has been an independent c o u n try .................... 1947.
T he bus is late. W e’ve been w aiting ......................20 minutes.
Nobody lives in those houses. They have been e m p ty ......................many years.
Mike has been ill..................... a long time. H e has been in hospital......................October.
Ci
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
was your last meal? '
JlPkir? ^99 r...
was the last time you were ill?
....................................................................
did you last go to the cinema?
.....................................................................
was the last time you were in a car?............. .....................................................................
was the last time you went on holiday?
.....................................................................
lete the sentences. Use the words in brackets (...)+ for or ago.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jill arrived in Ireland
499.9 999Jill has been in Ireland f ° r 4 ,ree 4 9 y s :....
Linda and Frank have been m a rrie d ........................................................
Linda and Frank got m arried ...................................................................
Dan arrived .................................................................................................
We had lu n c h ..............................................................................................
7 Silvia has been learning English ..............................................................
8 Have you known L isa............................................................................... ?
9 I bought these sh o es...................................................................................
1 9 .4
(three days)
(three days)
(20 years)
(20 years)
(ten minutes)
(an hour)
(six months)
(a long time)
(a few days)
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. .Sh*:..h&S.tegfl.
.ffiT. three;.clatjS.
Jack is here. H e arrived here on Tuesday. He h a s ...........................................................................
It’s raining. It started an hour ago. It’s b e e n .....................................................................................
I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago. I’v e ...............................................................................
I have a camera. I bought it in 1989. I’v e .........................................................................................
They are married. They got m arried six months ago.
They’v e ....................................................................................................................................................
7 Liz is studying medicine at university. She started three years ago.
She has .....................................................................................................................................................
8 Dave plays the piano. H e started when he was seven years old.
Dave h a s ............................................ :.....................................................................................................
19.5
Write sentences about yourself. Begin with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
(I’ve lived) ............................................................................................................................................
(I’ve been) .............................................................................................................................................
(I’ve been learning) ............................................................................................................................
(I’ve known) ........................................................................................................................................
(I’ve had) ..............................................................................................................................................
[47
U N IT
I have done (present perfect) and
I did (past simple)
20
W ith a finished time (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use the past (a rriv e d /s a w /w a s etc.):
past simple
finished time
finished time
yesterday
last week
six months ago
yesterday.
last week.
at 3 o ’clock.
in 1991.
six m onths ago.
We a rriv e d
D o not
time:
•
•
•
•
•
+
past
NOW
use the present perfect (have a rriv e d / have d o n e / have b e e n etc.) with a finished
I saw Paula yesterday. (not ‘I have seen’)
W here w ere you on S u n d ay a fte rn o o n ? (not ‘W here have you been’)
We d id n ’t have a holiday last year, (not ‘We haven’t had’)
‘W hat d id you d o last n ig h t? ’ ‘I stayed at home.’
William Shakespeare lived fro m 1564 to 1616. H e was a writer. He w ro te many
plays and poems.
Use the past simple to ask W h e n . . . ? or W h a t tim e ... ?:
• W h e n d id they arrive? (not ‘W hen have they arrived?’)
B
Compare:
past simple
present perfect
• 1 have lo st my key.
(= I can’t find it now)
• Bill has g o n e home.
(= he isn't here now)
• H ave you seen Ann?
(= w here is she now?)
• 1 lo st my key last w eek.
• Bill w e n t hom e te n m in u te s ago.
• D id you see Ann o n S aturday?
time until now
past
finished time
past
NOW
H ave you ever b e e n to Spain?
(= in your life, until now)
My friend is a writer. H e has w ritte n
many books.
T he letter h a s n ’t a rriv e d yet.
W e’ve lived in Singapore for six years.
(= we live there now)
[481
[last sim p le:
UNITS 1 1 -1 2
present perfect:
UNITS 1 5 -1 8
now
• D id you go to Spain last year?
• Shakespeare w ro te many plays and
poems.
• T he letter d id n ’t a rriv e yesterday.
• We lived in Glasgow for six years but
now we live in Singapore.
U N Il
EXERCISES
20.1
Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
20.2
r"
Have you seen Ann?
Have you started your new job?
Have your friends arrived?
Has Sarah gone away?
Have you worn your new shoes?
IVe lost my key. I can’t find it.
Have you seen Ann yesterday?
I’ve finished my work at 2 o ’clock.
I’m ready now. I’ve finished my work.
W hat time have you finished your work?
Sue isn’t here. She’s gone out.
Jim’s grandm other has died in 1989.
W here have you been last night?
6
7
8
9
10
20.4
/ i
Yes, 1 saw her 5 minutes ago.
Yes, I .......... ............... last week.
Yes, th e y .... ..................................
Yes,.............
Y es,............. .................................
RIGHT...
WRONG: p u l you see
Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple.
1
2
3
4
5
r
(5 minutes ago)
(last week)
(at 5 o ’clock)
(on Friday)
(yesterday)
Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
4
5
6
7
8
20.3
20
My friend is a writer. H e
(write) many books.
We ..d jd ft.b V l.ct-v.e-... (not/have) a holiday last year.
I ............................................... (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
W hat tim e
(you/go) to bed last night?
.....................................................................(you/ever/m eet) a famous person?
The w e a th er..............................................(not/be) very good yesterday.
My hair is wet. I ............................................... (just/wash) it.
1 ............................................... (wash) my hair before breakfast this m orning.
Kathy travels a lot. S h e ..............................................(visit) many countries.
‘Is Sonia here?’
‘No, s h e ..............................................(not/com e) yet.’
Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple.
1 A:
ever been (you/ever/be)
to Florida?
B: Yes, w e ...w e * ? f c t|iere on holiday
two years ago.
A:
(you/have)
a good time?
B: Yes, i t ................................... (be) great.
3 Rose works in a factory. She
...................................... (work) there for six
months. Before that s h e ..............................
(be) a waitress in a restaurant. She
................................... (work) there for two
years but s h e .................................................
(not/enjoy) it very much.
2 A: W here’s Alan? .....................................
(you/see) him?
B: Yes, h e ................................... (go) out a
few minutes ago.
A: And Julia?
B: I don’t know. I ........................................
(not/see) her.
4 A: D o you know M artin’s sister?
B: 1 ...................................... (see) her a few
times but I ..............
(never/speak) to her...............................
.....................(you/ever/speak) to her?
A: Yes. I ...
(meet) her
at a party last week. She’s very nice.
.. H a v e . y o w
„
.................................................................................................................
[4'
is done
was done (passive 1 )
T he office is c le a n e d every day.
T he office w as c le a n e d yesterday.
Com pare active and passive:
Somebody cleans
T he office
.the office
is c lean ed
Somebody c le a n e d
every day.
every day.
the office
T he office w as c lean ed
(passive)
yesterday.
yesterday.
The passive is:
(active)
(passive)
past participle
present simple
a m /is /a r e
past simple
w as/w e re
(not)
+
cleaned
invented
injured
done
b u ilt
ta k e n etc.
T he past participle o f regular verbs is -e d (cleaned/dam aged etc.).
For a list o f irregular past participles ( d o n e /b u ilt/ta k e n etc.), see Appendix 2-3.
• Butter is m a d e from milk.
• Oranges are im p o r te d into Britain.
0 How often are these rooms cleaned?
• I a m never in v ited to parties.
•
•
•
•
•
This house w as b u ilt 100 years ago.
These houses w ere b u ilt 100 years ago.
W hen w as the telephone invented?
We w e re n ’t in v ited to the party last week.
‘Was anybody in ju re d in the accident?’ ‘Yes, two people w ere tak e n to hospital.’
w a s/w e re b o rn
• I w as b o r n in London in 1962. (not ‘I am b o rn ’)
• W here w ere you b o rn ?
Passive + b y . . .
• We were woken up by a lo u d noise. (= T he noise woke us up.)
• T he telephone was invented by A le x a n d er B ell in 1876.
• My brother was bitten by a d o g last week.
is bein g d o n e / has been d o n e :
active and passive =>
APPENDIX 1
UNIT 22
irregular verbs =>
UNIT 2 4 , APPENDIX 2 -3
by =>
UNIT 1 0 4
UNI1
^
21
EXERCISES
21,1
Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present.
1 (the office / clean / every day)
.IM ..o ffic e is
e,very d ^ .
Are Wiese rooms c le a n e d every cUy ?
(glass / make / from sand) Glass.....................................................................................................
(stamps / sell / in a post office) ........................................................................................................
(this room / not / use / very often) ...............................................................................................
(we / allow / to park here?) ............................................................................................................
(how / this word / pronounce?) .....................................................................................................
2 (these rooms / clean / every day?)
3
4
5
6
7
Sentences 8-15 are past.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
n-
21.2
(the office / clean / yesterday)
The
w as cletxned, y e ste rd ay .
(the house / paint / last month) T he house ................................................................................
(three people / injure / in the accident) .......................................................................................
(my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) ..............................................................................................
(when / this bridge / build?) ..........................................................................................................
(you / invite / to the party last week?) ..........................................................................................
(how / these windows / break?) .....................................................................................................
(I / not / wake up / by the noise) ..................................................................................................
Correct these sentences.
1 ( This house built) 100 years ago.
THls House w as built
2 Football plays in most countries o f the w orld.......................
3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? ................
4 A garage is a place where cars repair.
................................
5 W here are you born? ...........................................................
6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? .........
7 Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen...........
8 W hen was invented the bicycle? ........................................
21.3
Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
clea n
find
give
in v ite
m ak e
m ake
show
steal
ta ke
1 The room . cleaned, . every day.
2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people
... to hospital.
3 Paper............................................... from wood.
4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two o f the ro o m s................................................
5 'W here did you get this picture?’ ‘I t ............................................... to me by a friend o f mine.’
6 Many American program m es............................................... on British television.
7 ‘D id jim and Sue go to the wedding?’ ‘No. T h e y ..........................................but they didn’t go.’
8 ‘H ow old is this film?’ ‘I t ..............................................in 1965.’
9 My c a r
last week but the next day i t
by the police.
/ '“N
21.4
r'
dam age
Where were they born?
1
2
3
4
5
(Ian / Edinburgh)
(Sally / Birmingham)
(her parents / Ireland)
(you / ???)
(your m other / ???)
Ian w as born In Edinburgh.
Sally
H er ..
I .......
.........
[5
is being done
has been done
(passive 2)
is /a re b e in g ... (present continuous passive)
Somebody is p a in tin g
T he door
the door . (active)
is b e in g p a in te d .
(passive)
• My car is at the garage. It is b e in g rep a ire d . (= somebody is repairing it)
• Some new houses are b e in g b u ilt opposite the park. (= somebody is building them)
Compare the present continuous and present simple:
• T1ae office is b e in g c le a n e d at the m om ent. (continuous)
T he office is clean ed every day, (simple)
• In Britain football matches are usually played on Saturday, but
no matches are b e in g played next Saturday.
For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 26.
h a s/h a v e b e e n ... (present perfect passive)
Somebody has p a in te d
T he door
•
•
•
•
the door . (active)
has b e e n p a in te d .
(passive)
M y key has b e e n stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)
M y keys have b e e n stolen. (= somebody has stolen them)
I’m not going to the party. 1 h a v e n ’t b e e n invited. (= nobody has invited me)
H as this shirt b e e n w ashed? (= Has somebody washed it?)
Com pare the present perfect and past simple:
• The room is clean now. It has b e e n clean ed , (presentperfect)
T he room w as c le a n e d yesterday, (past simple)
• I can’t find my keys. I think they’ve b e e n stolen, (present, perfect)
My keys w ere sto le n last week, (past simple)
For the present perfect and past simple, see U nit 20.
is done / was do n e =>
UNIT 21
active and passive =>
APPENDIX 1
U N IT
EXERCISES
22.1
22
What’s happening?
/'■v
1
TVje car is berng repaired.
2 A bridge
22 .2
Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous
(is/are being ...) orthe present perfect (has/have been ...).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
22.3
3 T he windows
4 T he grass.......
(the office / clean)
(the shirts / iron) . The sh irts Howe been ironed,
(the window / break) T he w in d o w ............................
(the roof / repair) T he ro o f..........................................
(the car / damage) ........................................................
(the houses / knock / down) .....................................
(the trees / cut / down) ...............................................
(they / invite / to a party) ...........................................
Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences. (Units 21 and 22)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I can’t use my office at the m om ent. It
(paint).
We didn’t go to the party. We ^eren t Lr'Yrted- (not/invite).
The washing machine was broken but it’s O K now. I t ...................................................... (repair).
T he washing m achine...........................................................(repair) yesterday afternoon.
A factory is a place where th in g s...........................................................(make).
How old are these houses? W hen...........................................................(they/build)?
A: .........................................................(the com puter / use) at the moment?
B: Yes, Jim is using it.
8 I’ve never seen these flowers before. W h a t......................................................... (they/call)?
9 Some trees...........................................................(blow) down in the storm last night.
10 T he bridge is closed at the m om ent. I t ...........................................................(damage) last week
and i t ......................................................... (not/repair) yet.
[s:
U N IT
23
be/have/do in present and past tenses
be (= a m /is /a re /w a s /w e re ) + -in g (c le a n in g /w o rk in g etc.)
a m /is /a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
=> Units 3-4 and 26
w as/w e re + -in g
(post continuous)
=> U nit 13
• Please be quiet. I’m w o rk in g .
• It isn ’t ra in in g at the m om ent.
• W hat are you d o in g this evening?
• I w as w o rk in g when she arrived.
• It w a sn ’t rain in g , so we went out.
• W hat w ere you d o in g at three o ’clock?
b e + past participle ( c le a n e d /m a d e /e a te n etc.)
a m /is /a r e + past participle
(passive presen t simple )
=> U nit 21
w a s/w e re + past participle
(passive past simple )
=> U n i t 21
• T he room is c le a n e d every day.
• I’m never in v ited to parties.
• Oranges are im p o r te d into Britain.
•
•
•
•
T he room w as c le a n e d yesterday.
These houses w ere b u ilt 100 years ago.
Plow w as the window broken?
W here w ere you b o rn ?
h a v e /h a s + past participle (c le a n e d /lo s t/e a te n /b e e n etc.)
h a v e /h a s + past participle
(present perfect)
=> Units 15-18
•
•
•
•
I’ve c le a n e d my room.
Tom has lo st his passport.
Barbara h a s n ’t b e e n to Canada.
W here have Paul and Linda gone?
d o /d o e s /d id + infinitive (c le a n /lik e /e a t/g o etc.)
d o /d o e s + infinitive
(present simple negative
and questions)
=> Units 6-7
did + infinitive
(past simple negative and
questions)
=> U n i t 12
[54|
irregular verbs =>
UNIT 2 4 , APPENDIX 2 -3
•
•
•
•
I like coffee but I d o n ’t like tea.
Chris d o e s n ’t go out very often.
W hat d o you usually d o at weekends?
D o e s Barbara live alone?
• I d id n ’t w a tc h TV yesterday.
• It d id n ’t ra in last week.
• W hat time d id Paul and Linda go out?
U N IT
EXERCISES
23.1
23
Put in is/are/do/does.
1 P*?.. you work in the evenings?
2 Where AfC. they going?
3 W hy
you looking at me?
4
Bill live near you?
5
you like cooking?
23.2
6
the sun shining?
7 W hat tim e
the shops close?
8
Ann working today?
9 W hat
this word mean?
10
you feeling all right?
Put in am not / isn’t / aren’t / don’t / doesn’t. All these sentences are negative.
1 Tom
work in the evenings.
2 I’m very tired. I ............................. want to go out this evening.
3 I’m very tired. I .............................going out this evening.
4 G e o rg e ........................... working this week. H e’s on holiday.
5 My parents are usually at home. T h e y ............................. go out very often.
6 Barbara has travelled a lot but s h e ............................. speak any foreign languages.
7 You can turn off the television. I
watching it.
8 T here’s a party next week but w e .............................going.
23.3
Put in was/were/did/have/has.
1
2
3
4
5
23.4
W here
your shoes made?
........................you go out last night?
W h a t........................you doing at 10.30?
W h e re ........................your m other born?
Barbara gone home?
6
7
8
9
10
Put in is/are/was/were/have/has.
1
2
3
4
Joe
lost his passport.
This b rid g e ................. built ten years ago.
................ you finished your work yet?
This town is always clean. T he streets
................ cleaned every day.
5 W h e re ..................you born?
23.5
W hat tim e ...................... she go?
W h e n ........................these houses built?
....................... Jim arrived yet?
W h y .........................you go hom e early?
H ow lo n g ........................they been married?
6 I ................. just made some coffee. Would
you like some?
7 G lass..................made from sand.
8 This is a very old photograph. I t ................
taken a long time ago.
9 J o e ..................bought a new car.
Complete the sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.
dam age
eat
enjoy
u n d e rs ta n d
use
go
go aw ay
1 I’m going to take an umbrella with me. It’s .
listen
open
p ro n o u n c e
-t n
Lctl.il
....
2 W hy are you so tired? Did you ..9.9 to bed late last night?
3 W here are the chocolates? Have y o u ..................................them all?
4 H ow is your new job? Are y o u ................................... it?
5 My car was b a d ly ................................... in the accident but I was O K .
6 Chris has got a car but she doesn’t ................................... it very often.
7 Mary isn’t at home. She h a s
for a few days.
8 I don’t ..................................the problem. C an you explain it again?
9 M artin is in his room. H e’s ................................... to music.
10 I don’t know how to say this word. H ow is i t ................................... ?
11 H ow do y o u ................................... this window? C an you show me?
[55]
Regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs
The past simple and past participle o f regular verbs is -ed:
clean —> cleaned
live —» lived
paint —> painted
study —>studied
Past simple (=> U nit 11)
• I c le a n e d my shoes yesterday.
• Charlie stu d ie d engineering at university.
Past participle
Present perfect = h a v e /h a s + past participle (=> Units 15-18):
• 1 have c le a n e d my shoes.
• Jane has lived in London for ten years.
Passive = b e (is / are / w ere / has b e e n etc.) + past participle (=> Units 21-22)
• These rooms are c le a n e d every day.
• M y car has b e e n rep aired .
Irregular verbs
T he past simple and past participle o (irregular verbs are not -ed :
make
past simple
past participle
m ade
m ade
break
cut
b ro k e
b ro k e n
cut
cut
Sometimes the past simple and past participle arc the same. For example:
make
find
buy
cut
m ade
fo u n d
bought
cut
• 1 m a d e a cake yesterday, (past simple)
• I have m a d e some coffee, (past participle - present perfect)
• Butter is m a d e from milk, (past participle — passive present)
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different. For example:
past simple
past participle
break
know
begin
go
b ro k e
b ro k e n
knew
know n
began
begun
w ent
gone
• Som ebody b ro k e this window last night, (past simple)
• Som ebody has b ro k e n this window, (past participle - present perfect)
• This w indow w as b ro k e n last night, (past participle - passive past)
list o f irregular verbs =>
APPENDIX 2 -3
spelling (regular verbs) =>
APPENDIX 5
U N IT
EXERCISES
24.1
24
Write the past simple / past participle of these verbs. (The past simple and past participle are the same for
all the verbs in this exercise.)
make
..
cur ...cwt....
g e t .................
brin g .............
pay.................
24.2
24.3
6 enjoy
7 b u y ......
8 sit ........
9 leave ....
10 happen
h e a r ...........
put .............
13 c a tc h .........
14 w a tc h ........
15 understand
11
12
Write the past simple and past participle of these verbs.
broken
1 break
.!>«*&
2
3
4
5
b e g in
eat
.....................................
.....................................
drink
driv e
6 run
..........
............
............
.................................
7speak
8w rite
9com e
....................................
10k n o w
............
11
12
13
14
15
...........
take
go
give
throw
forget
Put the verb in the right form.
1 1
my hands because they were dirty, (wash)
2 Somebody has ...1**3*.?*?... this window, (break)
3 I feel good. I .............................very well last night, (sleep)
4 W e ............................a very good film yesterday, (see)
5 I t .............................a lot while we were on holiday, (rain)
6 I’v e ............................my bag. (lose) Have y o u
it? (see)
7 R osa’s bicycle w as..............................last wreek. (steal)
8 I .............................to bed early because I was tired, (go)
9 Have y o u ............................your work yet? (finish)
10 T he shopping centre
w as...about 20 years ago. (build)
11 A n n ...........................to drive when
she was 18. (learn)
12 I’ve n ev er............................a horse, (ride)
13 Julia is a good friend o f mine. I’v e ............................. her for a long time, (know)
14 Yesterday I ............................a n d ...............................my leg. (fall / hurt)
24.4
Complete these sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.
c o st drive
fly
w ake u p
w in
m a ke
m eet
sell
speak
sw im
tell
th in k
1 I have rinA^ r
some coffee. Would you like some?
2 Have y o u ........................... John about your new job?
3 We played basketball on Sunday. Wedidn’t play very well but w e ...............................
4 I know Gary but I’ve n ev er
hiswife.
5 We w e re............................by loud music in the middle o f the night.
6 Stephanie jum ped into the river a n d
to the other side.
7 ‘Did you like the film?’ ‘Yes, I
it was very good.’
8 Many different languages a r e ............................. in the Philippines.
9 O u r holiday............................a lot o f money because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
10 Have you e v e r............................a very fast car?
11 All the tickets for the concert w e re
very quickly.
12 A b ird ............................. in through the open w indow while we were having our dinner.
[5 7 ]
U N IT
25
A
I used t o .
DAVF, A FEW YEARS AG O
DA VE T O D A Y
Dave used to w o rk in a factory. N ow he w orks in a supermarket.
Dave used to w o rk in a factory = he worked in a factory before but he doesn’t work there now:
he used to w o r k
past
B
-----------------he works ----------------- ►
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------\
now
You can say I u sed to w o rk ... / she u sed to have ... / th ey u sed to b e ... etc.:
I/y o u /w e/th ey
he/sh e/it
used to
be
w ork
have
play etc.
• W hen I was a child, I u sed to like chocolate.
• I used to re a d a lot o f books but I don’t read
m uch these days.
• Liz has got short hair now but it used to be
very long.
• They used to live in the same street as us,
so we often used to see them. B ut we don’t
see them very often these days.
• Ann u sed to have a piano but she sold it a few
years ago.
The negative is I d id n ’t use to ...
• W hen I was a child I d id n ’t use to like tomatoes.
The question is did you use to ... ?:
• W here d id you use to live before you came here?
We use u sed to . . . only for the past. You cannot say ‘I use to . . . ’ (present):
• 1 used to play tennis. These days 1 play golf, (not ‘I use to play golf’)
• We usually g e t up early. (not ‘We use to get up early.’)
[58]
U N IT
EXERCISES
25.1
25
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used t o ..
She. used, to Have long
He
football.
H air.
a taxi driver.
(We live i*i London now.j
r> | -
OUR HOUSC IN THE COUNTRY
TWENTY YEARS AGO.
in the country.
25.2
.....................................................................................
Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago, things were different.
K A R E N A I'iiW YEAR S A O O
D o you do any sport?
Do you go out in the evenings?
KAREN NOW
Yes, I go swimming every
day and I play volleyball.
Yes, most evenings.
Do you play a musical
instrument?
Yes, the guitar.
D o you like reading?
Yes, I read a lot.
Do you travel much?
Yes, I go away two or three
times a year.
I work very
Hard in my jo b .
I don’t Have
any -free time.
Write sentences about Karen with used to ....
\ SHe used to go swimming every d a y.
2 S h e ...................................................................
3 ...........................................................................
25.3
4
5
6
Complete these sentences. Use used to or the present simple (I play / he lives etc.).
1 1 w sed to play tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.
2 Do you do any sport?’ ‘Yes, 1
basketball.
3 ‘Have you got a car?’ ‘No, I ................................... one but 1 sold it.’
4 G eo rg e ................................... a waiter. N ow he’s the manager o f a hotel.
5 ‘D o you go to work by car?’ ‘Sometimes but most days I ...................................by train.’
6 W hen I was a child, I n e v e r
meat, but I eat it now.
7 Mary loves watching TV. S h e .................................... TV every evening.
8 W e ................................... near the airport but we moved to the city centre a few years ago.
9 Norm ally 1 start work at 7 o ’clock, so I ................................... up very early.
10 W hat gam es.................. y o u
w hen you were a child?
[59]
U N IT
26
What are you doing tomorrow?
A
They a re play in g tennis (now).
He is p lay in g tennis to m o rro w .
We use a m /is /a r e + -in g (present continuous) for something happening now:
• ‘W here are Sue and Caroline?’ ‘They’re p lay in g tennis in the park.’
• Please be quiet. I’m w o rk in g .
We also use a m /is /a r e + -in g for the future (tom orrow / next week etc.):
• Andrew is p lay in g tennis tomorrow.
• I’m not w o rk in g next week.
B
I a m d o in g s o m e th in g to m o r ro w = I have arranged to do it, I have a plan to do it:
• Alice is g o in g to the dentist on Friday.
(= she has an appointm ent to see the dentist)
_
• We’re h a v in g a party next weekend.
• A re you m e e tin g Bill this evening?
• W hat are you d o in g tom orrow evening?
• I’m not g o in g out tonight. I’m stay in g at home.
You can also say ‘I’m g o in g to do something’ (=> U nit 27).
D o not
•
•
•
use the present simple (I stay / d o y o u g o etc.) for plans and arrangements:
I’m stay in g at hom e this evening. (not ‘I stay’)
A re you g o in g out tonight? (not ‘D o you go’)
Ann isn’t c o m in g to the party next week, (not ‘Ann doesn’t com e’)
But we use the present simple for timetables, programmes, trains, buses etc.:
• T he train arriv es at 7.30.
• W hat time d o es the film finish?
Compare:
present continuous —usually for people
• I’m g o in g to a concert tomorrow.
• W hat time are you leaving?
[60]
present co n tin u o u s:
UNITS 3 -4
present simple =>
present simple —timetables, programmes etc.
• T he concert sta rts at 7.30.
• W hat time d oes your train leave ?
UNITS 5-7
I ’m g o in g to ... => | UNIT 27
U N IT
EXERCISES
26.1
Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday?
1 Andrew Is ploying tennis on F rid a y .
2 Richard .................................. to the cinema.
3 Barbara...............................................................
26.2
4 .............................................lunch w ith Ken.
5
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Write questions. All the sentences are future.
1 (you / g o / o u t / to night?)
2
3
4
5
26.3
26
Are- you going out tonlghfc?
(you / work / next week?)
(what / you / do / tom orrow evening?)
(what time / your friends / arrive?)
(when / Liz / go / on holiday?)
Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?
1
j ’rn staying at.Horne tonjg;ht.__
2 I’m going to the theatre on .Monday.
3 .....................................................................
4 ......................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
5
6 ...................................................................
26.4
Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc.) or present simple (the train leaves etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
fA rey o u g o ln g (you/go) out this evening?’‘N o, I’m too tired.’
. We re going
(we/go) to a concert this evening. It sta rts.(it/start) at 7.30.
Do you know about Sally? ...........................................................(she/get) m arried next month!
A: My parents...........................................................(go) on holiday next week.
B: O h, that’s nice. W h e re ...........................................................(they/go)?
Silvia is doing an English course at the m om ent. T he c o u rse.......................................................
(finish) on Friday.
T here’s a football match tom orrow b u t ......................................................... (I/not/go).
.......................................................... (I/gt>) out with some friends tonight. W hy don’t you come
too? .......................................................... (we/m eet) at Jo h n ’s house at 8 o ’clock.
A: H o w ........................................................ (you/get) hom e after the party tomorrow? By taxi?
B: N o, I can go
by bus. T he last b u s ....................................... (leave) at midnight.
A: D o you want to go to the cinema tonight?
B: Yes, what tim e .......................................................................(the film / begin)?
A: W h a t.......................................................... (you/do) next M onday afternoon?
B: ......................................................... (I/work).
[61
U N IT
27
I ’m going t o .
She is g o in g to w atch TV this evening.
We use a m /is /a r e g o in g t o . .. for the future:
1
h e /sh e /it
w e/you/they
am
is
are
am
is
are
(not) g o in g to
1
h e /sh e /it
w e/you/they
g o in g to
do ...
drink ...
watch ...
buy ... ?
e a t ... ?
wear ... ?
I a m g o in g to d o s o m e th in g = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:
I decided to do it ---------------
I’m g o in g to do it
►-
now
future
past
•
•
•
•
•
•
I’m g o in g to b u y some books tomorrow.
Sarah is g o in g to sell her car.
I’m n o t g o in g to have breakfast this m orning. I’m not hungry.
W hat are y o u g o in g to w e a r to the party tonight?
‘Your hands are dirty.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m g o in g to w ash them.’
A re you g o in g to in v ite John to your party?
We also use the present continuous (I a m d o in g ) for the future, usually for arrangements
(=> U nit 26):
• I a m p lay in g tennis w ith Julia tomorrow.
Som ething is g o in g to h a p p e n
Som ething is g o in g to h a p p e n = it is clear now that
it is sure to happen:
• Look at the sky! It’s g o in g to rain.
(black clouds now —> rain)
• O h dear! It’s 9 o ’clock and I’m not ready.
1 ’m g o in g to b e late.
(9 o ’clock now and not ready —> late)
[62]
present for the future :
will =>
u n it s
2 8 -2 9
It’s aobnq
to rain .
U N IT
27
EXERCISES
27.1
What are these people saying?
27.2
Complete the sentences. Use going to + one of these verbs:
'27.3
'27.4
eat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
do
give
lie d o w n
stay
w alk
wasfe
w atch
we a r
My hands are dirty.! rY19?^9 ^ VJ.^U
them.
What 9 * ^
wear.... (o the party tonight?
I don’t want to go hom e by bus. 1.................................................................
John is going to London next week. H e ............................................................. w ith some friends.
I’m hungry. 1 ................................................................this sandwich.
It’s Sharon’s birthday next week. W e .............................................................. her a present.
Sue says she’s feeling very tired. S h e ................................................................for an hour.
T here’s a good film on TV this evening.............................y o u ......................................................it?
W h a t....................... R a c h e l......................................................w hen she leaves school?
Look at the pictures. What is going to happen?
2
S
S
i
?
3 ^
B
4
/
■
1 It’s gpiyig to ra in .
2 T he s h e lf..........................................................
^ 7
'A
- / /-=
3 T he car ..
4 H e .........
What are you going to do today or tom orrow? Write three sentences.
1
I’m
........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................
[63]
will/shall (1)
SARAH
Sarah goes to work every day. She is always
there from 8.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 o ’clock now. Sarah is at work.
At 11 o ’clock yesterday she was at work.
At 1 1 o ’clock tomorrow, she w ill be at work.
will + infinitive (will b e / w ill w in / w ill c o m e etc.):
I/w e/y o u /th ey 1 will (’11)
h e/sh e/it J w ill n o t (w on’t)
be
w in
eat
c o m e etc.
will
I/w e/y o u /th ey
he/sh e/it
be?
w in?
eat?
c o m e? etc.
’11 = will: I’ll (I will) / you’ll / she’ll etc.
w o n ’t = w ill not: I w o n ’t (= I will not) / you w o n ’t / she w o n ’t etc.
We use w ill for th e future (to m o rro w / n e x t w eek etc.):
• Sue travels a lot. Today she is in M adrid. Tom orrow she’ll be in R om e. N ext week
she’ll b e in Tokyo.
• You can phone me this evening. I’ll b e at home.
• Leave the old bread in the garden. T he birds w ill e a t it.
• W e’ll probably go out this evening.
• W ill you be at hom e this evening?
• I w o n ’t be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here)
• D o n ’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You w o n ’t sleep.
We often say I th in k ... will
• I th in k Diana w ill pass the exam.
• I d o n ’t th in k it w ill ra in this afternoon.
• D o y o u th in k the exam w ill b e difficult?
We do not use w ill for things we have arranged or decided to do (=> Units 26-27):
• We’re g o in g to the cinema on Saturday (not ‘We will go’)
• I’m not w o rk in g tomorrow, (not ‘I w on’t w ork’)
• A re you g o in g to d o the exam? (not ‘Will you do’)
Shall
You can say I shall (= I will) and w e shall (= we will):
• I shall b e late tomorrow, or I w ill (I’ll) b e late tomorrow.
• I think w e shall w in.
or 1 think w e w ill (we’ll) w in.
But do not use shall with y o u /th e y /h e /s h e /it:
• T o m w ill be late, (not ‘Tom shall be’)
W hat are you d o in g to m o rro w ? :
I ’m g o in g to
w ill/shall (2):
U N IT
28
EXERCISES
28.1
Helen is travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences with she was, she’s or she’ ll be.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Yesterday
was, in Paris.
T om orrow ............................. i n Amsterdam.
Last week ....;......................... in Barcelona.
Next w e e k ............................. in London.
At the m o m e n t.............................in Brussels.
Three days a g o .............................in M unich.
At the end o f her t r i p .............................very tired.
ciAMSTERDAM.
helen
( to m o rr o w )
B r u s s e ls
^"s
; " 7 -^
PAR*S
VYESTERDAY)
/
(N0W)
MUNICH
(3PAYSAG0)
BARCELONA
28.2
Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:
I ’ll b e ...
or
I ’ll p ro b a b ly be ...
or
WEEI^
I d o n ’t k n o w w h e re I ’ll be.
1 (at 10 o ’clock tomorrow)
)
I’it probably be on the beach. OR i’ll be a t work. OR I don’t know where l’ll be.
2
3
4
5
28.3
(one hour from now) ..............................................................................................................
(at m idnight tonight) ..............................................................................................................
(at 3 o ’clock tomorrow afternoon) ......................................................................................
(two years from now) ..............................................................................................................
Putin will (’ II) or won’t.
1
2
3
4
5
D on’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You ...wph.fc ... sleep.
‘Are you ready yet?’ ‘N ot yet. I ............................be ready in five minutes.’
I’m going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I ............................ be at hom e tomorrow.
I t ........................... rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.
A: I don’t feel very well this evening.
B: Well, go to bed early and y o u ............................feel better in the m orning.
6 It’s Bill’s birthday next Monday. H e ............................. be 25.
7 I’m sorry I was late this m orning. I t ............................. happen again.
28.4
Write sentences beginning I th in k ... or I don’t th in k ....
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
28.5
(Diana will pass the exam)
I think Diana, wilt p&ss th&
.-...
(Diana w on’t pass the exam) I don t think Duma, will pass the- exam .
(we’ll win the game)
I ...............................................................................................................
(I w on’t be here tomorrow) .............................. .........................................................................
(Sue will like her present)
........................................................................................................
(they w on’t get married)
........................................................................................................
(you w on’t enjoy the film)
........................................................................................................
Which is right? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
W edL^e / We’re going to the theatre tonight. W e’ve got tickets.
W e’re going is right
‘W hat will you do / are you doing tom orrow evening?’ ‘N othing. I’m free.’
They’ll go / T hey’re going away tom orrow m orning. Their train is at 8.40.
I’m sure she’ll lend / she’s lending us some money. She’s very rich.
‘Why are you putting on your coat?’ ‘I’ll go / I’m yoiny out.’
D o you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight?
Steve can’t meet us on Saturday. H e ’ll work / H e’s working.
Will / Shall you be at hom e tom orrow evening?
[65]
will/shall (2)
You can use I ’ll ... (I will) w hen you offer or decide to do something:
• ‘My bag is very heavy.’ ‘I ’ll c a rry it for you.’
• ‘I ’ll p h o n e you tomorrow, OK ?’ ‘OK, goodbye.’
We often say I th in k I ’ll ... / I d o n ’t th in k I ’ll ... w hen we decide to do something:
• I’m tired. I th in k I ’ll go to bed early tonight.
• It’s a nice day. I th in k I ’ll sit in the garden.
• It’s raining. I d o n ’t th in k I ’ll go out.
Do not use the present simple (I go / I p h o n e etc.) in sentences like these:
• I’ll p h o n e you tomorrow, OK? (not ‘I phone you’)
• I think I’ll go to bed early. (not ‘I go to bed’)
Do not
•
•
•
use I ’ll ... for something you decided before (=> Units 26-27):
I’m w o rk in g tomorrow. (not ‘I’ll w ork’)
T here’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m g o in g to w a tc h it. (not ‘I’ll watch’)
W hat a re you d o in g at the weekend? (not ‘W hat will you do’)
Shall I ... ?
Shall w e . . . ?
Shall I/w e ... ? = D o you think this is a good thing to do? D o you think this is a good idea?
• It’s very w arm in this room. Shall I o p e n the window?
• ‘Shall I p h o n e you this evening?’ ‘Yes, please.’
• I’m going to a party tonight. W hat shall I wear?
• It’s a nice day. Shall w e g o for a walk?
• W here shall w e go for our holidays this year?
• ‘Let’s go out this evening.’ ‘OK, w hat time shall w e m e e t? ’
W h at are you d o in g to m o rro w ? =S>
Let’s => r o m i
UNIT 2 6
I ’m
g o in g to
... = >
| UNIT 27
w i l l / s h a l l ( 1 ) = > | UNIT 2 8
U N IT
29
EXERCISES
29.1
Complete the sentences. Use I’ ll (I w ill) + one of these verbs:
c a rry
1
2
3
4
go
have
sit
stay
j U. carry
for y 0 l l .
Thank you
you a postcard.
Well, I’m hungry. ..............................................it.
N o, it’s O K ................................................... on the Boor.
O h no, I forgot.................................................. it now.
No, I don’t think so..............
here.
Give it to me a n d ..............................................you.
play
It’s cold today. ...!
9® out.
I’m hungry. I ................................................................................. something to eat.
I feel tired......................................................................................tennis.
This camera is too expensive...........................................................
it.
I phone / I’11 phone you tomorrow, OK?
I’ll phone is right
I haven’t done the shopping y e t-1 do / I’ll do it later.
I like sport. I watch / I’ll watch a lot o f sport on TV.
I need some exercise. I think I go / I’ll go for a walk.
Jim is going to buy / will buy a new car. H e told me last week.
‘This letter is for Rose.’ ‘OK. I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.’
A: Are you doing / Will you do anything this evening?
B: Yes, I’m going / I’ll go out with some friends.
Write sentences with Shall I ... ? Choose words from Box A and Box B.
turn on
turn off
make
open
It’s ve'ry warm in this room.
This programme isn’t very good.
I’m hungry.
It’s dark in this room.
29.5
show
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
29.4
send
Complete the sentences. Use I think I’l l ... or I don’t think I’l l ... + one of these verbs:
buy
29.3
eat
M y bag is very heavy.
Enjoy your holiday.
I don’t want this banana.
D o you want a chair?
Did you phone Jenny?
Are you coming with me?
H ow do you use this camera?
2
3
4
5
6
7
29.2
do
B
some sandwiches
the window
Shall I
open
the television
the light
the window ?
Write sentences with Shall w e ... ? Choose words from Box A and Box B.
A
1
2
3
4
what
wha-M-ime
/here
who
Let’s go out tonight.
Let’s have a holiday.
Let’s spend some money.
Let’s have a party.
B
buy
in v ite
go
m eet
meet?
[67]
might
Where are you going
■for your Holidays-?
H e m ig h t go to N ew York.
(= it is possible that he will go to N ew York)
It m ig h t rain.
( - it is possible that it will rain)
m ig h t + infinitive (m ig h t go / m ig h t b e / m ig h t rain etc.):
I/w e/you/they
h e /sh e /it
m ig h t
(not)
be
go
play
c o m e etc.
I m ig h t ... = it is possible that I will ... :
• I m ig h t go to the cinema this evening. (= it is possible that I w ill go)
• A: W hen is Barbara going to phone you?
B: I don’t know. She m ig h t p h o n e this afternoon.
• Take an umbrella w ith you. It m ig h t rain.
• Buy a lottery ticket. You m ig h t b e lucky. (= perhaps you will be lucky)
• ‘Are you going out tonight?’ ‘I m ig h t.’ (= I might go out)
Study the difference:
• I’m p lay in g tennis tomorrow, (sure)
I m ig h t play tennis tomorrow, (possible)
• Barbara is g o in g to p h o n e later, (sure)
Barbara m ig h t p h o n e later, (possible)
T he negative is m ig h t not:
• I m ig h t n o t go to work tomorrow. (= it is possible that 1 will not go)
• Sue m ig h t n o t c o m e to the party. (= it is possible that she will not come)
m ay
You can use m ay in the same way. I m a y ... = I m ig h t ... :
• I m a y go to the cinema this evening. (= I m ight go)
• Sue m a y n o t c o m e to the party. (= Sue m ight not come)
M ay I ... ? = Is it O K to ... / Can I ... ?:
• M ay I ask a question? (= Can I ask?)
• ‘M ay I sit here?’ ‘Yes, o f course.’
U N IT
EXERCISES
30.1
30
Write sentences with might.
1
2
3
4
5
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
cinema..
\ r n i^ b
that I’ll go to the cinema)
that I’ll see you tomorrow)
that Ann will forget to phone)
that it will snow today)
that I’ll be late tonight)
I ....
......
......
......
Write sentences with might not.
6 (it’s possible that Mary will not be here)
.....
7 (it’s possible that I w on’t have time to m eet you)
30.2
Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas but you are not sure. Choose from the list
and write sentences with I might.
fish
go aw ay
Italy
M o n d ay
(
1
2
3
4
5
6
30.3
n e w car
taxi
'
W here are you going for your holidays?
W hat are you doing at the weekend?
W hen will you see Ann again?
What are you going to have for dinner?
How are you going to get home tonight?
I hear you won some money. W hat are
you going to do w ith it?
^
_Y
I’m not sure. ..J
1 don't know. I .........................................
I’m not sure.................................................
I don’t know. ............................................
I’m not sure.................................................
I haven’t decided yet..................................
y
You ask Bill questions about his plans. Sometimes he is sure but usually he is not sure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
_________________________________________________________
Are you playing tennis tomorrow?
Yes, in the afternoon.
Are you going out in the evening?
Possibly.
Are you going to get up early?
Perhaps.
Are you working tomorrow?
No, I’m not.
Will you be at hom e tom orrow morning?
Maybe.
Are you going to watch television?
I might.
Are you going out in the afternoon?
Yes, I am.
Are you going shopping?
Perhaps.
Now write about Bill. Use might where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
304
.Hfc’s pUujinj tew us tomorrow afternoon,
He m ig h t go out
.
H e .....................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
........................................................................
...........................................................................
........................................................................
Write three things that you might do tomorrow.
1 ......................................................................
2 ......................................................................
3 ......................................................................
[691
can and could
can + infinitive (can d o / c a n play / c a n c o m e etc.):
I/w e/y o u /th e y 1
h e /sh e /it
J
B
can
c a n n o t (c a n ’t)
do
play
see
c o m e etc.
can
1/w e/you/they
h e /sh e /it
do?
play?
see?
c o m e? etc.
I can do something = I know how to do it or it is possible for me to do it:
• I can play the piano. My brother c a n play the piano too.
• Sarah can speak Italian but she c a n ’t sp eak Spanish.
• 'C a n you sw im ?’
‘Yes, but I’m not a very good swimmer.’
• ‘C an you c h a n g e twenty pounds?’ ‘I’m sorry, I c a n ’t.’
• I’m having a party next week but Paul and Jenny c a n ’t c o m e .
For the past (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t:
• W hen I was young, I c o u ld r u n very fast.
• Before Anna came to Britain, she c o u ld n ’t u n d e rs ta n d m uch English. N ow she can
u n d e rs ta n d everything.
• I was tired last night but I c o u ld n ’t sleep.
• I had a party last week but Paul and Jenny c o u ld n ’t c o m e .
D
C a n you ... ? C o u ld you ... ? C a n I ... ? C o u ld I
We use C a n y o u . . . ? or C o u ld you ... ? when we ask people to do things:
• C an you open the door, please? or C o u ld you open the door, please?
• C a n y o u wait a m om ent, please? or C o u ld y o u wait ... ?
We use C an I have ... ? or C o u ld I have ... ? to ask for something:
• (in a shop) C a n I have these postcards, please? or C o u ld I have ... ?
C a n I ... ? or C o u ld I ... ? = is it O K to do something?:
• Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? or Tom, c o u ld I borrow your umbrella?
• (on the phone) Hello, c a n I speak to Gerry, please? or ... c o u ld I speak ... ?
[70]
M ay ! . . . ? = >
UNIT 3 0
U N IT
31
EXERCISES
31.1
Ask Steve if he can do these things
10 KILO M E T RES
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can’t.
31.2
Complete these sentences. Use can or can’t + one of these verbs:
c o n ic
1
2
3
4
5
31.3
11
12
9
10
7 I
8 ....
find
hear
see
sp eak
I’m sorry but we
to your party next Saturday.
I like this hotel room. Y o u ............................................... the mountains from the window.
You are speaking very quietly. I ...............................................you.
Have you seen my bag? I ..............................................it.
Catherine got the job because she ............................................... five languages.
Complete these sentences. Use can’t or couldn’t + one of these verbs:
cat
d ecid e
1 I was tired but I
find
go
go
sleep
^ .?]£?£-..
2 I wasn’t hungry yesterday. 1 ..............................................my dinner.
3
4
5
6
31.4
Ann doesn’t know what to do. S h e ................................................
I wanted to speak to M artin yesterday but I ............................................... him.
J im
to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
Paula............................................... to the m eeting last week. She was ill.
What do you say in these situations? Use can or could. Use the words in brackets (...).
4 (have)
5 (give)
'
6 (borrow)
[71]
UNIT
32
must
mustn’t
needn’t
A
m u st + infinitive (m ust do / m u st see etc.):
I/w e/you/they
he/she/it
m u st
do
stop
go
w rite etc.
Use m u st when you think it is necessary to do something:
• The windows are very dirty. I m u st clean them.
• It’s a fantastic film. You m u st see it.
• We m u st go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), we use had to ... (not must):
• We had to go to the bank yesterday. (not ‘Wc must go ... yesterday’)
• I had to walk home last night. There were no buses, (not ‘I must walk’)
m u stn ’t (= must not)
I m u stn ’t (do something) = it is necessary not to do it,
it is the wrong thing to do:
• I m u st h urry. I m u stn ’t be late.
• I m u stn ’t forget to phone Julia.
(= I m u st re m e m b e r to phone her)
• Be happy! You m u stn ’t be sad. (= don’t
be sad)
• You m u stn ’t to u ch the pictures.
(= don’t touch the pictures)
You mustn’t touch
the pictures.
n e e d n ’t (= need not)
I n e e d n ’t (do something) = it is not necessary to do it, I don’t need to do it:
• I n eed n ’t clean the windows. They aren’t very dirty.
• You n e e d n ’t go to the bank today. I can give you some money.
You can also say d o n ’t need to ... (= needn’t):
• 1 d o n ’t need to clean the windows.
• You d o n ’t need to go to the bank today.
Compare n e e d n ’t and m u stn ’t:
• You n e e d n ’t go. You can stay here if you want.
• You m u stn ’t go. You must stay here.
[72]
I have to ... =>
U N IT
EXERCISES
32.1
32
Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:
be
go
go
learn
m eet
wash
w in
1 We
to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.
2 Marilyn is a very interesting person. Y ou............................................ her.
3 My hands are dirty. I ............................................. them.
4 Y ou........................................... to drive. It will be very useful.
5 1........................................... to the post, office. I need some stamps.
6 The game tomorrow is very important for us. W e ..............................................
7 You can’t always have things immediately Y ou.............................................patient.
32.2
Putin I must or I had to.
1
.$9.... go to the bank yesterday to get some money.
2 It’s late.................................go now.
3 I don’t usually work on Saturdays but last Saturday........................... work.
4... ......................... get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.
5 I went to London by train last week. The train was full a n d ............................stand all the way
6 1 was nearly late for my appointment this morning................................ run to get there on time.
7 1 forgot to phone David yesterday ............................phone him later today.
32.3
Complete the sentences. Use mustn’t or needn’t + one of these verbs:
elean
forget
h u rry
lose
w ait
w rite
1 The windows aren’t very dirty You
them.
2 We have a lot of time. W e..............................................
3 Keep these documents in a safe place. Y ou............................................. them.
4 I’m not ready yet but y o u ......................................... for me. You can go now and I’ll come later.
5 W e ........................................... to turn off the lights before we leave.
6 I .............................................the letter now. I can do it tomorrow.
Find the sentences with the same meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
32-5
We can leave the meeting early
We must leave the meeting early.
We mustn’t leave the meeting early.
We needn’t leave the meeting early.
We had to leave the meeting early
A
B
C
D
E
We must stay until the end.
We couldn’t stay until the end.
We can’t stay until the end.
We needn’t stay until the end.
We can stay until the end.
1
2
3
4
5
P.
.....
.....
.....
.....
put jn must / had to / mustn’t / needn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
You
go. You can stay here if you want.
It’s a fantastic film. You .rowsfc... see it.
We’ve got enough food, so w e ............................go shopping.
We didn’t have any food yesterday so w e
go shopping.
I want to know what happened. Y ou........................... tell me.
Y ou.tell Sue what happened. I don’t want her to know.
I ......................... hurry or I’ll be late.
‘Why were you
so late?’ ‘I ................... wait half an hour for a bus.’
W e............................decide now. We can decide later.
[73]
should
sh o u ld + m
w atch etc.):
z (should d o / sh o u ld
do
I/w e /you /they 1
sh o u ld
sto p
h e /sh e /it
J s h o u ld n ’t g °
w a tc h etc.
(You) sh o u ld do something = it is a good thing to do, it is the right thing to do:
• Tom sh o u ld go to bed earlier. He goes to bed very late and he’s always tired.
• It’s a good film. You sh o u ld go and see it.
• W hen you play tennis, you sh o u ld always w a tc h the ball.
(You) s h o u ld n ’t do something = it is not a good thing to do. S h o u ld n ’t = should not:
• Torn s h o u ld n ’t go to bed so late.
• You watch TV all the time. You s h o u ld n ’t w a tc h TV so much.
We often use th in k 'with should:
I th in k ... sh o u ld
• I th in k Carol sh o u ld b u y some new clothes.
(= I think it is a good idea.)
• It’s late. I th in k I sh o u ld go hom e now.
• A: Shall 1 buy this coat?
B: Yes, I th in k you should.
I d o n ’t th in k ... sh o u ld
• I d o n ’t th in k you sh o u ld w o rk so hard.
(= I don’t think it is a good idea.)
• I d o n ’t th in k we sh o u ld go yet. It’s too early.
D o y o u th in k ... sh o u ld ... ?:
• D o you th in k I sh o u ld b u y this hat?
W hat time d o you th in k we s h o u ld go home?
M ust is stronger than should:
• It’s a g o o d film. You sh o u ld go and see it.
• It’s a fan ta stic film. You m u s t go and see it.
A nother way to say sh o u ld ... is o u g h t to ... :
• It’s a good film. You o u g h t to go and see it. (= you should go)
• I think Carol o u g h t to buy some new clothes. (= Carol should buy)
shall =>
u n it s
2 8 -2 9
m u st =>
UNIT 3 2
U N IT
33
EXERCISES
33.1
Complete the sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs:
clean
1
2
3
4
5
6
33.2
go
take
visit
w a tc h
w ear
W hen you play tennis, yow should w aich the ball.
It’s late and you’re very tired
to bed.
......................................................................your teeth twice a day.
If you have time,
the Science M useum. It’s very interesting.
W hen you’re d riv in g ,
a seat belt.
It’s too far to walk from here to the station..........................................................................a taxi.
Write about the people in the pictures. Use He/She shouldn’t ... so ....
'
y ' You w aich 'T 2
\.TV too mucK ?
_______
e & fc )
X to o jw c h ^ z ^
/
^
y o u
/^Y oi7^lri^cP\
l l j j j j s
C to o h a r P ^ ^ ^ ^ f e j.
1 She shouldn't wccfcdi TV so much.
2 H e ...........................................................
33.3
3
4
hard.
You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with Do you think I should ... ?
1 You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)
You ask your friend: PP you thuak I sh o u ld buy th is ja c k e t?
2 You can’t drive, (learn?)
You ask your friend: D o you t h in k .....................................................
3 You don’t like your job. (get another job?)
You ask your friend: ...............................................................................
4 You are going to have a party, (invite Gary?)
You ask your friend: ...............................................................................
33.4
Write sentences with I th in k... should ... or I don’t th in k ... should ....
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
33.5
It’s late, (go home now)
^ tbuak yje shotAld. po home noiy.
That coat is too big for you. (buy it)
^
Jdow sh o u ld buy It.
You don’t need your car. (sell it) .......................................................................
Diane needs a rest, (have a holiday) .................................................................
Sally and Colin are too young, (get married) ...............................................
You’re not well this m orning, (go to work) ..................................................
James isn’t well today, (go to the doctor) ........................................................
T he hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there) ...............................................
What do you think? Write sentences with should.
1
2
3
4
5
| think everybody sh o u ld learn another Idjagw&ge.
I think everybody...............................................................
I th in k ...............
I don’t th in k ....
1 think 1 should
175|
I have t o .
I have to do something = it is necessary for
me to do it, I am obliged to do it
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
have
has
to
to
to
to
do
w o rk
go
w e a r etc.
• I’ll be late for work tomorrow. 1 have to go to the dentist.
• Jill starts work at 7 o ’clock, so she h as to g e t up at 6.
• You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
The past (yesterday / last w eek etc.) is h a d to ...
• I was late for work yesterday. I h a d to go to the dentist.
• We h ad to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses.
In questions and negatives we use d o /d o e s (present) and d id (past):
present
do
does
I/ w e/you / they
have to ... ?
he/sh e/it
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e /sh e /it
d o n ’t
have to ...
d o e s n ’t
past
d id
1/w e/you/they
h e /sh e /it
have to ... ?
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e /sh e /it
d id n ’t have to ...
• W hat time d o y o u have to go to the dentist tomorrow?
• D o e s Jill have to w o rk on Sundays?
• Why d id they have to leave the party early?
I d o n ’t
•
•
•
have to (do something) = it is not necessary to do it:
I’m not working tomorrow, so 1 d o n ’t have to g e t up early.
Jan d o e s n ’t have to w o rk very hard. H e’s got an easy job.
We d id n ’t have to w a it very long for the bus.
m u s t and have to
Use m u s t or have to w hen you say what you think is necessary, when you give your opinion:
• It’s a fantastic film. You m u s t see it. or You have to see it.
W hen you are not giving your personal opinion, use have to (not m ust):
• Jill w on’t be at work this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor, (this is not my
personal opinion —it is a fact)
• In many countries, m en have to do military service, (this is not my opinion —it is the
law in those countries)
m u s t / m u s tn ’t / n e e d n ’t =>
u n it
32
U N IT
34
EXERCISES
34.1
Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs:
do
1
2
3
4
5
34.2
re a d
change
go
walk
We
.. home last night. There were no buses.
It’s late. I ...............................................now. I’ll see you tomorrow.
1 w ent to the supermarket after work yesterday. 1 ..............................................some food.
This train doesn’t go all the way to London. Y o u ..............................................at Bristol.
We did an exam yesterday. W e ..............................................six questions out o f ten.
1 have to get up early tomorrow.
George had to wait a long time.
Liz has to go somewhere.
We had to pay a lot o f money.
1 have to do some work.
W hat time .4$ $ 9 *
.jjefc up?
H ow lo n g ............................................................. ?
W here
............................................................... ?
H ow m u c h ........................................................... ?
W hat exactly.................................................
Write sentences with don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have t o ....
1
2
3
4
5
W hy
W hy
Why
W hy
W hv
are you going out? You 4^*1 £ IlM?:
is Ann waiting? S h e ................................................
did you get up early? You .....................................
is Paul working so hard? H e .................................
do you want to leave now? W e ............................
Which is correct? Sometimes must and have to are both correct.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
34.6
buy
Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
1
2
3
4
34.5
w e ar
Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:
1
2
3
4
5
34.4
travel
My eyes are not very good. 1
glasses.
At the end o f the course all the students..............................................a test.
Mary is studying literature. S h e ............................................... a lot o f books.
Albert doesn’t understand m uch English. Y ou ............................................... very slowly to him.
Kate is not often at home. S h e ..............................................a lot in her job.
answ er
34.3
speak
It’s a great film. You must see / have to see it.
both are correct
In many countries, m en -mtHi^de- / have to do military service.
have to do is correct
You can’t park your car here for nothing. You must pay / have to pay .
I didn’t have any money w ith me last night, so I must borrow / had to borrow some.
I eat too m uch chocolate. I really must stop / have to stop.
‘W hy is Paula going now?’ ‘She must m eet / has to meet somebody.’
W hat’s wrong? You must tell / have to tell me. I want to help you.
Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do.
1 (every day) I ha.ye to trccyel ten
e v ^ y d4H.-...
2 (every day) ..................................................................................................................................
3 (tomorrow) .................................................................................................................................
4 ' (yesterday) ..................................................................................................................................
[7 7 ]
Would you like ... ?
I ’d lik e ..
W ould you like ... ? = D o you want ... ?
We use W ould you like ... ? to offer tilings:
• A: W ould y o u like some coffee?
B: No, thank you.
• A: W ould you like a chocolate?
B: Yes, please.
• A: W hat w o u ld y o u like, tea or coffee?
B: Tea, please.
We use W ould y o u like to ... ? to invite somebody:
• W ould you like to go for a walk?
• A: W ould y o u like to have dinner with us 011 Sunday?
B: Yes, I ’d love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you)
• W hat w o u ld y o u like to d o this evening?
I ’d like
•
•
•
... is a polite way to say ‘I w ant’. I ’d like = I w o u ld like:
I’m thirsty. I ’d like a drink.
(in a tourist office) I ’d like some information about hotels, please.
I ’d like to see the film on television this evening.
W ould you like ... ? and D o you like ... ?
W ould y o u like ... ? / I ’d like
D o you like ... ? / I like
W ould yo u like some tea? = D o you want
some tea?
D o you like tea? = Do you think tea
is nice?
• A: W ould you like to go to the cinema
tonight? (= D o you want to go tonight?)
B: Yes, I’d love to.
• A: D o you like going to the cinema?
• I ’d like an orange, please. (= Can I have
an orange?)
• I like oranges, (in general)
• W hat w o u ld you like to do next weekend?
• W hat d o you like to do at weekends?
lik e to d o and lik e - in g => UNIT 51
(in general)
B: Yes, 1 go to the cinema a lot.
I w o u ld do som ething i f ... =s
U N IT
EXERCISES
35.1
gg
What are the people in the pictures saying? Use Would you like ... ?
Vv'txal^ you U kej^...
ck e s ta te ? ...
35.2
What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use Would you like t o ... ?
1 You want to go to the cinema tonight. Perhaps Sue will go with you. (go)
You say: WouhJl you Like to go to
cinetria. tonight?
2 You want to play tennis tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play too. (play)
You say: ..............................................................................................................................................
3 You’ve got some holiday photographs. Sue hasn’t seen them yet. (see)
You say: ..............................................................................................................................................
4 You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will go. (go)
You say: ..............................................................................................................................................
5 It’s raining and Sue is going out. She hasn’t got an umbrella but you have one. (borrow)
You say: ..............................................................................................................................................
35.3
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
‘D o you-like / Would you like a chocolate?’
‘Yes, please.’
Would you like is right
‘Do you like / Would you like bananas?’
‘Yes, I love them.’
‘Do you like / W ould you like an ice-cream?’
‘No, thank you.’
‘W hat do you like / would you like to drink?’
‘A glass o f water, please.’
‘Do you like / W ould you like to go out for a walk?’
‘N ot now. Perhaps later.’
I like / I’d like tomatoes but I don’t eat them very often.
W hat tim e do you like / would you like to have dinner this evening?
‘D o you like / Would you like something to eat?’
‘No, thanks. I’m not hungry.’
‘D o you like / Would you like your new job?’
‘Yes, I’m enjoying it.’
I’m tired. 1 like / I’d like to go to sleep now.
[7 9 ]
U N IT
36
there is
there are
A
STATION
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TU ESDA Y
TRAINS
8-30 12-15
9-15 M
--00
10-30
W EDNESDAY
THURSDAY
F R ID A Y
SA TU RD A Y
T h e re ’s a man on the roof.
T h e r e ’s a train at 10.30.
T h e re are seven days in a week.
singular
th e re is ...
is th e re ... ?
th ere is n o t ...
(th e re ’s)
(there isn ’t
or th e re ’s not)
• T h e r e ’s a big tree in the garden.
• T h e r e ’s a good film on TV tonight.
• A: Have you got any money?
B: Yes, th e re ’s some in my bag.
• A: Excuse me, is th e re a hotel near here?
B: Yes, th e re is. / N o, th e re isn ’t.
• We can’t go skiing. T h e re isn ’t any snow.
plural
th ere are ...
are th e re ... ?
th e re are n o t ...
B
(there a re n ’t)
• T h e re are some big trees in the garden.
• T h e re are a lot o f accidents on this road.
• A: A re th e re any letters for me today?
B: Yes, th e re are. / No, th e re a re n ’t.
• This restaurant is very quiet. T h e re a re n ’t many
people here.
• How many players are th e re in a football team?
• T h e re are 11 players in a football team.
th ere is and it is
it is
th e re is
- AV:
I like this book). I t ’s interesting,
(it = this book)
T h e r e ’s a book on the table,
(inot ‘It’s a book on the table.’)
Compare:
• ‘W hat’s th a t noise?’ ‘I t ’s a train.’ (it — that noise)
T h e r e ’s a train at 10.30. I t ’s a fast train, (it = the 10.30 train)
• T h e r e ’s a lot o f salt in this soup.
I don’t like this soup. I t ’s too salty, (it = this soup)
[80]
there w as / w ere / has b een etc. :
UNIT 3 7
it and th e r e =>
UNIT 3 8
s o m e and a n y =>
UNIT 7 5
U N IT
EXERCISES
36.1
36
Kenham is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Kenham with
There is/are or There isn’t/aren’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
36.2
a castle?
any restaurants?
a hospital?
a swimming pool?
any cinemas?
a university?
any big hotels?
No
Yes (a lot)
Yes
No
Yes (two)
No
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are/isn’t/aren’t.
] There are cl few restau ra n ts.
2 There's a. big park.
3 ...............................................................................
s 36.3
5
6.................................................
Put in there is / there isn’t / is there / there are / there aren’t / are there.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.3 6 .4
4
Kenham isn’t an old town.
any old buildings.
Look! ...................................a photograph o f your brother in the newspaper!
‘Excuse m e ,
a
bank near here?’ ‘Yes, at the end o f the street.’
................................. five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.
‘H ow many students
in the class?’ ‘Twenty.’
‘Can we take a photograph?’ ‘N o ,................................... a film in the camera.’
‘................................. a bus from the city centre to the airport?’ ‘Yes. Every 20 minutes.’
‘................................. any problems?’ ‘No, everything is OK.’
................................. nowhere to sit dow n............................................ any chairs.
Write sentences with There a r e .... Choose from the boxes.
seven
nine
fifteen
twenty-six
thirty
fifty
letters
players
planets
days
days
states
September
the USA
a rugby team
the solar system
a week
the English alphabet
T h e r e are..seven
36.5
Put in there’s / is there / it’s / is it.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a train at 10.30.’ ‘.!?JX...a fast train?’
I’m not going to buy this shirt.................................. very expensive.
‘W hat’s wrong?’ ‘.............................som ething in my eye.’
.............................a red car outside the house...................................yours?
‘............................anything on television tonight?’ ‘Yes,.............................. a film at 8.15.’
‘W hat’s that building?’ ‘ ............................. a school.’
‘............................a restaurant in this hotel?’ ‘No, I’m afraid not.’
[81]
there was/were
there will be
there has/have been
th ere w as / th e re w ere (past)
T h e re is a train every hour.
T he time now is 1 1.15.
T h e re was a train at 11 o ’clock.
Compare:
th e re is/a re (present)
th e re w a s/w e re (past)
• T h e re is a good film on TV tonight.
• We are staying at a very big hotel. T h e re
are 250 rooms.
• A re th ere any letters for me this morning?
• I’m hungry but th e re isn ’t anything to
eat.
• T h e re w as a good film on TV last night.
• We stayed at a very big hotel. T h e re w ere
250 rooms.
• W ere th e re any letters for me yesterday?
• W hen I got home, I was hungry but th ere
w asn ’t anything to eat.
th e re has b e e n / th e re have b e e n (present perfect)
• Look! T h e r e ’s b e e n an accident.
(th e re ’s b e e n = there h as been)
• This road is very dangerous. T h e re have b e e n
many accidents.
Com pare th e re w as (past):
• T h e re w as an accident last n ig h t.
(not ‘There has been an accident last night.’)
For past simple and present perfect see U nit 20.
• D o you think th e re w ill be a lot o f people at the
party on Saturday?
• T he manager o f the company is leaving, so
th e re w ill b e a new manager soon.
• I’m going away tomorrow. I’ll do my packing
today because th e re w o n ’t b e time tomorrow,
(there w o n ’t b e = there w ill n o t be)
w a s /w e re =i
th e re and i t ;
UNIT 1 0
h a s /h a v e b e e n => UNITS
s o m e and an y
UNITS 3 6 , 3 8
1 5 -1 8
w ill => UNIT 2 8
th e re is /a r e => UNIT 3 6
U N IT
EXERCISES
37.1
Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty but what was in the room last week? Write sentences
with There was ... or There were ... + the words in the list.
an a rm c h a ir
so m e boo k s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
37.2
a c a rp e t
cl tIUtJV
so m e flow ers
th re e p ic tu re s
a sofa
a sm all table
T^ere- was (k. clock on the wall near the window.
..................................................................................... on the floor.
..................................................................................... on the wall near the door.
..................................................................................... in the middle of the room.
..................................................................................... on the table.
..................................................................................... on the shelves.
..................................................................................... in the corner near the door.
..................................................................................... opposite the door.
Put in there was / there wasn’t / was there / there were / there weren’t / were there.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
37.3
37
1 was hungry but
t anything to eat.
any letters for me yesterday?
............................................. a football match on TV last night. Did you see it?
‘We stayed at a very nice hotel.’ ‘Did you? ...............................................a swimming pool?’
‘Did you buy any eggs?’ ‘N o ,............................................... any in the shop.’
The wallet was empty. ............................................... any money in it.
‘...............................................many people at the meeting?’ ‘No, very few.’
We didn’t visit the museum
enough time.
I’m sorry I’m late................................................... a lot o f traffic.
Twenty years a g o ...............................................many tourists here. N ow there are a lot.
Put in there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / w ill be.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
X
a
good film on TV yesterday evening.
............................................. 24 hours in a day.
............................................. a party at the club last Friday but I didn’t go.
‘W here can I buy a newspaper?’ ‘
a shop at the end o f the street.’
‘Why arc those policemen outside the bank?’ ‘............................................... a robbery.’
W hen we arrived at the cin em a,
a long queue to see the film.
W hen you arrive tom orrow ,............................................... somebody at the station to m eet you.
Ten years a g o ...................................... 500 children at the school. N o w ........................................
more than a thousand.
9 Last week I w ent back to the town w here I was born. It’s very different now. .......................
........................a lot o f changes.
10 I think everything will be OK. I don’t th in k ............................................... any problems.
[8 3 |
We use it for tim e /d a y /distance/weather:
tune
distance
^
--
•
—*
our house
•
•
•
•
W hat tim e is it?
I t ’s h alf past ten.
I t ’s late.
I t ’s tim e to go hom e.
•
•
•
•
W h at day is it?
I t ’s Thursday.
I t ’s 16 M arch.
I t was my birthday yesterday.
•
•
•
•
I t ’s three miles from ou r house to the city centre.
H ow far is i t from L ondon to Bristol?
I t ’s a long way from here to the station.
W e can walk hom e. I t isn’t far.
We use fa r in questions (is i t far?) and negatives (it is n ’t far).
We use a lo n g w ay in positive sentences (it’s a lo n g w ay).
• I t ’s raining.
It isn’t raining.
Is it snowing?
• I t rains a lot here.
I t didn’t rain yesterday.
D oes it snow very often?
• I t ’s w a rm /h o t/c o ld /fm e /c lo u d y /w in d y /s u n n y /fo g g y /d a rk etc.
• I t ’s a nice day today.
weather
C om pare it and th e re :
• I t ra in s a lot in w inter.
T h e r e is a lo t o f ra in in w inter.
• I t was very w in d y .
T h e r e was a s tr o n g w in d yesterday.
I t ’s n ic e to ... etc.
, easy / d iffic u lt / im p o s s ib le / d a n g e ro u s / safe
** S e x p e n siv e / in te r e s tin g / n ic e / w o n d e r fu l / te r r ib le
etc.
I
I
• I t s nice to see y o u a g a in . (it = to see you again)
• I t ’s impossible to u n d e r s ta n d h e r. (it = to understand her)
• I t wasn’t easy t o fin d y o u r h o u s e , (it = to find your house)
D o n ’t forget it:
• I t ’s raining again. (not ‘Is raining again’)
• Is it true that you are going away? (not ‘Is tru e t h a t . . . ’)
th e re is —>
UNIT 3 6
U N IT
EXERCISES
38.1
38
Write about the weather in the pictures. Use It’s ....
(yU
'toft/, u///^
It’s raining.
4
5
6
38.2
Put in it is (it’s) or is it.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
38.3
Write questions with How f a r ... ?
1
2
3
4
38.4
W hat time
?
We must go now. ........................very late.
...................... true that Bill can fly a helicopter?
‘W hat d a y ........................today? Tuesday?’ ‘N o ,....................... Wednesday.’
...................... ten kilometres from the airport to the city centre.
...................... possible to phone you at your office?
‘D o you want to walk to the restaurant?’ ‘I don’t know. How f a r ........................?’
...................... Linda’s birthday today. She’s 27.
1 don’t believe it! ........................impossible.
(here / the station)
(the hotel / the beach)
(New York / Washington)
(your house / the airport)
How f a r Is Lfc from here to th e station?
H o w ...................................................................
Putin it or there.
1 !.£. rains a lot in winter.
6 I was afraid because..................was very dark.
2
was a strong w ind yesterday.
7
wasastorm lastnight.Did you
3 ................ was a nice day yesterday.
hear it?
4 We can’t go skiing.................... isn’t any snow. 8 ................s a long way from here to the
nearest shop.
5 ...............’s hot in this room. O pen a window.
J-5
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
~\
i t ’s
“\
1
2
3
4
5
6
easy
dfffie-ttk
impossible
dangerous
nice
interesting
to
work in this office
visit different places
see you again
get-up early
go out alone
make friends
If you go to bed late, .?£. s <AifftcuLfc to g et up earUj . in the m orning.
Hello, Jill................................................................................................... H ow are you?
.............................................................................................. There is too m uch noise.
Everybody is very nice at w ork....................................................................................................
I like travelling....................................................................................................
A lot o f cities are not safe................................................................................................... at night.
[85]
U N IT
39
I don’t etc.
(he is = he is tired)
He likes tea but she d o e s n ’t.
(she d o e s n ’t = she doesn’t like tea)
In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat words (‘he is tired’, ‘she doesn’t like tea’).
You can use these verbs in the same way:
• I haven’t got a car but my sister has. (— my sister has got a car)
a m /is /a re
• A: Please help me.
w a s/w e re
B: I’m sorry. I c a n ’t. (= I can’t help you)
h a v e /h a s
• A: Are you tired?
d o /d o e s /d id
B: I was, but I’m n o t now. (= I was tired but I’m not tired now)
can
• A: D o you think Ann will phone this evening?
will
B: She m ig h t. (= she m ight phone)
m ig h t
•
A:
Are you going now?
m u st
B: Yes, I’m afraid I m u st. (= I must go)
You cannot use ’m / ’s / ’ve etc. (short forms) in this way. You must use a m /is /h a v e etc.:
• She isn’t tired but he is. (not ... but he’s)
But you can use isn ’t / h a v e n ’t / w o n ’t etc. (negative short forms):
• My sister has got a car but I h a v e n ’t.
• ‘Are you and Jim working tom orrow ?’ ‘I am but Jim isn ’t.’
B
You can
•
•
•
C
We use
•
•
•
/
use I a m I ’m n o t etc. after Yes and N o:
‘Are you tired?’ ‘Yes, 1 a m . / No, I’m n o t.’
‘Will Alan be here tom orrow ?’ ‘Yes, he will. / No, he w o n ’t.’
‘Is there a bus to the airport?’ ‘Yes, there is. / N o, there isn ’t.’
d o /d o e s for the present simple: (=^> Units 6—7)
I don’t like hot weather but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot weather)
Sue works hard but I d o n ’t. (— I don’t work hard)
‘D o you enjoy your work?’ ‘Yes, I do.’
We use d id for the past simple: (=> U nit 12)
• A: Did you and John enjoy the film?
B: I d id but John d id n ’t. (= I enjoyed it but John didn’t enjoy it)
• ‘I enjoyed the film.’ ‘I d id too.’ (= I enjoyed it too)
• ‘Did it rain yesterday?’ ‘No, it d id n ’t.’
[86]
h av e y o u ? / d o n ’t y o u ? etc.
so a m I / n e ith e r d o I etc
U N IT
EXERCISES
39.1
39
Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can etc.) each time.
1 Kate wasn’t hungry but we
_
2 I’m not m arried but my b ro th e r....................
3 Bill can’t help you but I ....................
39.2
4 j haven’t seen the film but Tom ...................
5 Diane w on’t be here but C h ris ....................
6 You w eren’t late but I ....................
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn’t/haven’t/can’t etc.).
1 My sister can play the piano but
I COJn f . 4 Richard has got a car but I
5 I’m ready to go but Tom ....
2 Ann is working today but 1 ..........................
3 I was working but my friends ........................
6 I’ve got a key but Sally.
39.3
Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
39.4
I don’t like hot weather but Sue ,.4W $ ....
Sue likes hot weather but I
^....
My m other wears glasses but my fa th e r..............................
You don’t know Paul very well but I ..............................
I didn’t enjoy the party but my friends..............................
1 don’t watch TV much but P e te r..............................
Kate lives in London but her parents..............................
You had a shower this m orning but I ..............................
Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people. (See the example.)
1 [ d id n 't go o u t L a st nigHfc b u t my {riendLs d i d .
2
3
4
5
39.5
I lik e ....................................................... b u t ...............................................................
I don’t ......................................................b u t ..............................................................
I’m .................................................................................................................................
1 haven’t ........................................................................................................................
Put in a verb, positive or negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
39.6
-S
‘Are you tired?’ ‘I ...WAS earlier but I’m not now.’
John is happy today but h e ............................. yesterday.
T he post office isn’t open yet but the shops..............................
I haven’t got a video camera but I know somebody w h o ..............................
I would like to help you but I’m afraid I ..............................
I don’t usually go to work by car but I ........................... yesterday.
A: Have you ever been to the United States?
B: No, but S andra.............................. She w ent there on holiday last year.
‘D o you and Ann watch TV a lot?’ ‘I .............................. but Ann doesn’t.’
I’ve been invited to the party but K a te ..............................
‘Do you think Diane will pass her exams?’ ‘Yes, I’m sure s h e ............................. .’
‘Are you going out this evening?’ ‘I .............................. I don’t know for sure.’
Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I’m not. etc.
1
2
3
4
5
Are you British? No, fro not.
Have you got a car? ..........................
D o you feel well? ............................
Is it snowing? .....................................
Are you hungry? ...............................
6
7
8
9
10
D o vou like classical m usic?........
Will you be in Paris tomorrow? ..
Have you ever been in hospital? .
1)id you buy anything yesterday?
Were you asleep at 3 a.m.? .........
[8 7 |
U N IT
k T jJ
Have you?
Are you?
Don’t you? etc.
’ve bought a new c a r . J
[ OH, have, qou ?
m lorlfcwq a. book. j
(( Are you really? WhoJb about?
I don1t Like George.)
(Don’ty o u ? WViy n o t ? ^ A
You can say have you? / is it? / c a n ’t he? etc. to show that you are interested or surprised:
‘Y ou’re late.’ ‘O h, a m I? I’m sorry.’
‘I was ill last week.’
‘W ere you? 1 didn’t know that.’
‘I t ’s raining again.’ ‘Is it? It was sunny ten minutes ago.’
‘Is there? W here is it?’
‘T h e r e ’s a letter for you.’
•
•
•
‘Bill c a n ’t drive.’ ‘C a n ’t he? 1 didn’t know that.’
‘I ’m n o t hungry.’ ‘A re n ’t you? I am.’
‘Sue isn ’t at work today.’ ‘Isn ’t she? Is she ill?’
Use d o /d o e s for the present simple and did for the past simple:
• ‘I speak four languages.’ ‘D o you? W hich ones?’
• ‘T o m d o e s n ’t eat meat.’ ‘D o e s n ’t he? Does he eat fish?’
• ‘L inda g o t m arried last week.’ ‘D id she? Really?’
B
Question tags
You can-use have you? / is it? / c a n ’t she? etc.
at the end o f a sentence.
These ‘mini-questions’ are question tags.
a positive sentence —» a negative question tag
a negative sentence —> a positive question tag
y..
positive —> negative
I t ’s a beautiful day,
Sally lives in London,
You closed the window,
T h o se shoes are nice,
T o m will be here soon.
Yn.
I am / I d o n ’t e tc .:
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
it’s lovely.
that’s right.
I think so.
very nice.
probably.
N o,
No,
No,
No,
my car is white.
I haven’t.
she doesn’t.
I’m never late.
negative —> positive
T h a t isn ’t your car,
You h a v e n ’t met my mother,
Sally d o e s n ’t smoke,
You w o n ’t be late,
[88]
isn ’t it?
d o e s n ’t she?
d id n ’t you?
a re n ’t they?
w o n ’t he?
is it?
have you?
does she?
w ill you?
U N IT
40
EXERCISES
40.1
Answer with Do you? / Doesn’t she? / Did they? etc.
3
r
I speak four languages.
I work in a bank.
I didn’t go to work yesterday.
Jill doesn’t like me.
You look tired.
Julia phoned me last night.
1
2
3
4
5
6
40.2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’ve bought a new car.
Tim doesn’t eat meat.
I’ve lost my key.
Sue can’t drive.
I was born in Italy,
i didn’t sleep well last night.
T here’s a film on TV tonight.
I’m not happy.
I m et Paula last week.
Margaret works in a factory.
I w on’t be here next week.
The clock isn’t working.
H a w you
?
?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
............................. ?
W hat make is it?
Does he eat fish?
W hen did you last have it?
She should learn.
I didn’t know that.
Was the bed uncomfortable?
Are you going to watch it?
Why not?
How is she?
W hat kind o f factory?
W here will you be?
It was working yesterday.
Complete these sentences with a question tag (isn’t it? / haven’t you? etc.).
It’s a beautiful day,
... ?
These flowers are nice, .................................?
Judy was at the party ,.....................................?
You’ve been to P aris,.....................................?
You speak G e rm a n ,.......................................?
M artin looks tire d ,........................................ ?
You’ll help me, .............................................. ?
40.4
W hich ones?
1 work in a bank too.
Were you ill?
Why not?
I feel fine.
W hat did she say?
Answer with Have you? / Haven’t you? / Did she? / Didn’t she? etc.
2
40.3
...you..................?
............................?
............................?
............................?
............................?
............................?
Yes, it’s lovely.
Yes, w hat are they?
Yes, but I didn’t speak to her.
Yes, many times.
Yes, but not very well.
Yes, he works very hard.
Yes, o f course I will.
Complete these sentences with a question tag, positive (is it? / do you? etc.) or negative
(isn’t it? /d o n ’t you? etc.).
r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
You haven’t got a car, .. .tykveyou ?
You aren’t tired, ........................................... ..........?
?
Carol is a verv nice person, ........................
You can play the piano, ............................... ..........?
You don’t know M ike’s sister,.................... ..........?
Sally went to university, .............................. ..........?
The film wasn’t very good, ........................ ..........?
Ann lives near y o u ,...................................... ..........?
You w on’t tell anybody what I sa id ,.......... ..........?
k.
__ ---'--------------------------
\
No, I can’t drive.
No, I feel fine.
Yes, everybody likes her.
Yes, but I’m not very good.
No, I’ve never m et her.
Yes, she studied economics.
No, it was terrible.
T hat’s right. In the same street.
*. No, o f course not.
_/
f
[8 9 ]
too/either
A
so am I / neither do I etc.
to o and e ith e r
We use to o and e ith e r at the end o f a sentence.
We use e ith e r after a negative verb:
• A: I’m not happy.
B: I’m n o t happy either, (not ‘I’m n o t ... too’)
• A: I can’t cook.
B: I can’t e ith e r, (not ‘I can’t too’)
• Bill doesn’t watch TV. H e doesn’t read
newspapers e ith e r.
We use to o after a positive verb:
• A: I’m happy.
B: I’m happy too.
• A: I enjoyed the film.
B: I en jo y ed it too.
• Mary is a doctor. H er husband is a
doctor to o .
B
so a m I / n e ith e r d o I etc.
so
n e ith e r
so a m 1 = 1 am too
so have I = I have too (etc.):
• A: I’m working.
B: So a m I. (= I’m working too)
• A: I w as late for work today.
B: So-was Jo h n . (= John was late too)
• A: I w o rk in a bank.
B: So d o I.
• A: We w e n t to the cinema last night.
B: Did you? So d id we.
• A: I ’d like to go to Australia.
B: So w o u ld I.
a m /is /a r e ...
w a s/w e re ...
d o /d o e s ...
d id ...
h a v e /h a s ...
can ...
will ..
w o u ld ...
n e ith e r a m I = I’m not either
n e ith e r can 1 = 1 can’t either (etc.):
• A: I h a v e n ’t got a key.
B: N e ith e r have I. (= I haven’t either)
• A: A n n c a n ’t cook.
B: N e ith e r c a n T o m . (= Tom can’t either)
• A: I w o n ’t (= will not) be here tomorrow.
B: N e ith e r w ill I.
• A: I n ev er go to the cinema.
B: N e ith e r d o I.
You can also use N o r ... (= N either ...):
• A: I’m not married.
B: N o r a m I. or N e ith e r a m I.
N ote that we say: So a m I (not ‘So 1 am’), N either have I (not 'N either I have’).
[90]
I am / I d o n ’t etc. =>
mm
UNIT 3 9
Needier
am I.
EXERCISES
41.1
Put in too or either.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
41.2
I’m happy .t?.0......
I’m not h u n g ry ..............................
I’m going o u t ..............................
It rained on Sunday ............................
She can’t ride a bicycle......................
I don’t like shopping..........................
H er father is a tea c h e r........................
I’m happy.
I’m not hungry.
I’m going out.
It rained on Saturday.
Jenny can’t drive a car.
I don’t like shopping.
Jane’s m other is a teacher.
Answer with So ... I (So am I/S o do I/S o can I etc.).
£
1
2
3
4
5
6
I w ent to bed late last night.
I’m thirsty.
I’ve just had dinner.
I need a holiday.
I’ll be late tomorrow.
I was very tired this m orning.
So d i d 1.
Answer with Neither.
7
8
9
10
11
41.3
I can’t go to the party.
I didn’t phone Alex last night.
I haven’t got any money.
I’m not going out tomorrow.
I don’t know what to do.
You are talking to Maria. Write true sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So ... I or N either... I.
Look at these examples carefully:
I’m t ir e d . )
you can answer:
d o n ’t work H a rd .]
you can answer:
MARIA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m learning English.
I can ride a bicycle.
I’m not American.
I like cooking.
1 don’t like cold weather.
I slept well last night.
I’ve never been to Scotland.
1 don’t write letters very often.
I’m going out tom orrow evening.
I haven’t got a headache.
1 didn’t watch TV last night.
I often go to the cinema.
fScT cun
or
( N e ith e r d o TTy^or
( I'm nob. 'Q f
(I dbo.f'
J
/Y o j\
U N IT
42
A
isn’t
haven’t
don’t etc. (negatives)
We use n o t (n’t) in negative sentences:
positive —> negative
a m n o t (’m not)
is n o t (isn’t o r ’s not)
are n o t (aren’t or ’re not)
w as n o t (w asn’t)
w ere n o t (w eren’t)
have n o t (haven’t)
has n o t (hasn’t)
w ill n o t (w on’t)
c a n n o t (can’t)
c o u ld n o t (c o u ld n ’t)
m u s t n o t (m u s tn ’t)
sh o u ld n o t (sh o u ld n ’t)
w ould n o t (w o u ld n ’t)
am
is
are
was
were
have
has
will
can
could
must
should
would
B
I’m n o t tired.
It isn ’t (or It’s not) raining.
They a re n ’t (or They’re n o t) here.
Julian w a sn ’t hungry.
T he shops w e re n ’t open.
1 h a v e n ’t finished my work.
Sue h a s n ’t got a car.
We w o n ’t be here tomorrow.
George c a n ’t drive.
I c o u ld n ’t sleep last night.
I m u s tn ’t forget to phone Ann.
You s h o u ld n ’t work so hard.
I w o u ld n ’t like to be an actor.
d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t / d i d n ’t
.
,
Present simple negative:
r
Past simple negative:
I/w e/y o u /th ey d o n o t (d o n ’t)
1
. ... .
w o r k /liv e /go etc.
h e /sh e /it does n o t (doesn t) j
I/th ey /h e/sh e (etc.) did n o t (d id n ’t) w o rk /liv e /g o etc.
positive —> negative
I w a n t to go out.
They w o rk hard.
Liz plays the guitar.
My father likes his job.
—» I d o n ’t w a n t to go out.
—> They d o n ’t w o rk hard.
—> Liz d o e s n ’t play the guitar.
—> My father d o e s n ’t like his job.
I g o t up early this morning. —> I d id n ’t g e t up early this m orning.
They w o rk e d hard yesterday. —> They d id n ’t w o rk hard yesterday.
We played tennis. —> We d id n ’t play tennis.
Diane h ad a bath.
Diane d id n ’t have a bath.
D o n ’t ...
Look! —> D o n ’t look!
W ait for me. —» D o n ’t w a it for me.
Sometimes d o is the main verb (d o n ’t d o / d o e s n ’t d o / d id n ’t do):
D o something! —> D o n ’t d o anything!
Sue d oes a lot at weekends. —> Sue d o e s n ’t d o much at weekends.
I d id w hat you said. —» I d id n ’t d o what you said.
[92]
present simple negative =>
past simple negative :
W hy isn ’t/d o n ’t ... ? :
U N IT
EXERCISES
42
Make these sentences negative.
42.1
It’s cold today. ..
W e’ll be late. ...
Yon should go.
1 l ie’s gone away.
..t 5PP.P.
2 They’re m arried............................................
3 I’ve had dinner...............................................
42.2
Make these sentences negative. Use don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
1 She saw me
She
t see. trie.
2 I like cheese......................................................
3 They understood.............................................
42.3
Make these sentences negative.
1
2
3
4
5
42.4
She can swim.
She cMn t swim.
They’ve arrived...................................
I went to the bank...............................
He speaks G erm an..............................
We were angry. ..................................
6
7
8
9
10
H e’ll be pleased.....
Phone me tonight.
It rained yesterday.
I could hear them.
I believe you..........
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn’t/haven’t/don’t etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
42.5
^ H e lives here..........
5 Go away! ..............
6 I did the shopping.
They aren’t rich. They................ ...got much money.
‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘No, thank you. I ............................. hungry.’
I
find my glasses. Have you seen them?
G e o rg e ............................. write letters very often. H e prefers to use the phone.
We can walk to the station from here. I t .............................very far.
‘W here’s Jill?’ ‘I ............................know. I
seen her today.’
Be careful! ............................. fall!
We went to the cinema last night. I ............................like the film very much.
I’ve been to Spain many times but I ............................been to Portugal.
Ju lia ............................. be here tomorrow. She’s going away.
‘W ho broke that window?’ ‘N o t me. I ............................. do it.’
We didn’t see what happened. W e ............................. looking at the time.
You ask Gary some questions. His answers are always ‘Y es’ or ‘l\lo’. Write sentences about Gary, positive
or negative.
A °u
Xn .
Are you married?
Do you live in London?
Were you born in London?
Do you like London?
Would you like to live in the country?
Can you drive?
Have you got a car?
D o you read newspapers?
Are you interested in politics?
D o you watch T V most evenings?
Did you watch TV last night?
Did you go out last night?
[93]
U N IT
is i t . . . ?
43
A
have y o u . . . ?
do they ... ? etc.
(questions 1)
positive:
you
are
You are eating.
question:
are
you
A rc you eating?
W hat are y o u eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/a re /h a v e etc.) is before the subject:
question
verb + subject
positive
subject + verb
I
That seat
She
David
You
They
Paula
a m late.
is free.
was angry.
has gone.
have got a car.
w ill be here soon.
c a n swim.
—>
—>
—>
—>
->
—>
Am
Is
W hy was
W here has
H ave
W hen will
C an
I late?
th a t seat free?
she angry?
D a v id gone?
y o u got a car?
th ey be here?
P au la swim?
Be careful with word order: the subject is after the first verb:
• Where has D av id gone? (not ‘W here has gone David?’)
• A re th o se p e o p le waiting for something? (not ‘Are waiting ... ?’)
• W hen was th e te le p h o n e invented? (not ‘W hen was invented ... ?’)
B
d o ... ? / d o es ... ? / d id ... ?
„
.
,
d o I/w e/y o u /th ey )
. ... ,
tjoes h e /sh e /it
1 w o rk /liv e /g o etc.
Present simple questions:
d id you/she/they (etc.) w o rk /liv e /g o etc.
Past simple questions:
question
positive
They
You
Chris
She
w o rk hard.
w atch television.
w o rk s hard.
gets u p early.
—»
—>
—>
—>
—>
—>
—>
They w o rk ed hard.
You h ad dinner.
She g o t up early.
D o they
H ow often d o you
D o es Chris
W hat time does she
w o rk hard?
w a tc h television?
w o rk hard?
g e t up?
D id they w o rk hard?
W hat d id you have for dinner?
W hat time d id she g e t up?
Sometimes d o is the main verb (do you d o / d id he d o etc.):
• W hat d o you usually d o at weekends?
• ‘W hat does your brother d o ?’ ‘He works in
a bank.’
• ‘I broke my finger last week.’ ‘H ow d id you
d o that?’
C
[9 4 ]
(not ‘How did you that
W hy isn ’t ... ? / W hy d o n ’t ... ? etc. (W hy + negative):
• W here’s John? W hy isn ’t h e here? (not ‘W hy he isn’t here?’)
• W hy c a n ’t P au la come to the m eeting tomorrow? (not ‘W hy Paula can’t ... ?’)
• W hy d id n ’t you phone me last night?
present simple questions =
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w ... ? :
U jJ
past simple questions =
u n its 4 6 -4 7
questions 2-3 =
u n it s
44-45
U N IT
EXERCISES
43.1
Write questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
' 43.2
43
I can swim.
I work hard.
I was late this m orning.
I'Ve got a key.
I’ll be here tomorrow.
I’m going out this evening.
I like my job.
I live near here.
I enjoyed my holiday.
I had a shower this m orning.
(and you?)
(and Jim?)
(and you?)
(and Ann?)
(and you?)
(and Paul?)
(and you?)
(and Linda?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
Coaa you swur> ?
Doe-s Jun work h a r d ?
You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions.
(have / a car**)
you jo t u. o o r ?
(use / a lot?) ..................................... i t ...
(use / yesterday?) ....................................
(enjoy driving?) .......................................
(a good driver?) ......................................
(ever / have / an accident?)....................
,43.3
Yes, I have.
Yes, nearly every day.
Yes, to go to work.
N ot very much.
I think I am.
No, never.
Put the words in the right order. All the sentences are questions.
/ gone / where / David?) ..Where has
....
(working / Rachel / is / today?)
(the children / w hat / are / doing?) W h a t...............................
(made / is / how / cheese?) ........................................................
(to the party / coining / is / your sister?) ..................................
(you / the truth / tell / don’t / why?) ........................................
(your guests / have / yet / arrived?) ...........................................
(leave / what time / your train / does?) .....................................
(your car / in the accident / was / damaged?) ..........................
(to work / Ann / why / go / didn’t?) ........................................
1 (has
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
43.4
Complete the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
(
I want to go out.
Ann and Paul aren’t going to the party.
I’m reading.
Sue went to bed early
My parents are going on holiday.
I m et Tom a few days ago.
Tina has gone away
I can’t come to the party.
I need some money.
Angela doesn’t like me.
It rains sometimes.
I did the shopping.
^ r
W here
wo you w ont to go?
W ilv aren 't they gobng ?
W h a t..................................................................
W hat time ........................................................
W hen ................................................................
W h e re ................................................................
W h e re ................................................................
W hy ...................................................................
H ow m u c h .......................................................
W h y ...................................................................
H ow o f te n .................................. .....................
W hen..................................................................
\
[95]
Who saw you?
Who did you see?
(questions 2)
Sylvia saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.)
W ho d id Sylvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
Sylvia saw Paul
object
subject
Sylvia saw
Somebody saw Paul.
W ho
saw Paul?
Sylvia.
I
somebody
I
W ho did Sylvia see?
Paul.
(Sylvia saw him.)
(She saw Paul.)
‘w h o ’ is the object
‘S ylvia’ is the subject
‘w h o ’ is the subject
‘P a u l’ is the object
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the subject:
• W h o lives in this house? ( - somebody lives in it - who?)
(not ‘W ho does live?’)
• W h a t h a p p e n ed ? (= something happened - what?)
(not ‘W hat did happen?)
• W h a t’s h a p p e n in g ? (W hat’s = W hat is)
• W h o ’s g o t my key? (W ho’s = W ho has)
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the object:
• W ho did you m eet yesterday? (= you met somebody —who?)
• W hat did P au l say? (= P au l said something - what?)
• W ho are y o u phoning?
• W hat was Sylvia wearing?
Compare:
• George likes oranges.
• Jill w on some money.
—» W h o likes oranges? — George.
W h a t does George like? — Oranges.
—» W h o w o n some money? - J i l l .
W h a t did Jill win? — A hundred pounds.
Use w h o for people (somebody). Use w h a t for things, ideas etc. (something):
• W h o is your favourite singer?
• W h a t is your favourite song?
questions
=>
uwns 43, 45
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w =>
UNIT
46
U N IT
44
EXERCISES
44.1
Make questions with who or what. In these questions, who/what is the subject.
Somebody broke the window.
Something fell off the shelf.
Somebody wants to see you.
Somebody took my umbrella.
Something made me ill.
Somebody is coming.
1
2
3
4
5
6
44.2
WVi o broke- the. window ?
W h a t....................................
mer
Make questions with who or what (subject or object).
I bought something.
Somebody lives in this house.
I phoned somebody.
Something happened last night.
Somebody knows the answer.
Somebody did the washing-up.
Jill did something.
Something woke me up.
Somebody saw the accident.
1 saw somebody.
Somebody has got my pen.
This word means something.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
W hat did. you buy ?
Who lives in th is house?
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
S L
I lost XXXXX yesterday but fortunately
XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
Whflub did, you Lose?
Who -found, it ?
XXXXX phoned me last night. She wanted
XXXXX.
1 needed some advice, so 1 asked XXXXX.
H e said XXXXX.
I hear that XXXXX got m arried last week.
XXXXX told me.
5
I m et XXXXX on my way hom e this
evening. She told me XXXXX.
6
Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
XXXXX won. After the game we XXXXX.
'
7
It was my birthday last week and I had
some presents. XXXXX gave me a book
and Catherine gave me XXXXX.
[97]
45
Who is she talking to?
What is it like?
(questions 3)
A
Julia is talking to somebody.
W h o is she talking to?
\
In questions beginning W h o ... ? / W h a t ... ? / W h ere ... ? / W h ic h ... ?, prepositions
(to /fr o m /w ith etc.) usually go at the end:
• ‘W h ere are you fro m ? ’ ‘I’m from Thailand.’
• ‘J ohn was afraid.’ ‘W h a t was he afraid of?’
• ‘W h o do these books belong to ?’ ‘T hey’re mine.’
• Tom’s father is in hospital.’ ‘W h ich h o sp ita l is he in?’
• ‘Kate is going on holiday.’ ‘W h o w ith ?’ / ‘W h o is she going w ith ?’
• ‘I want to talk to you.’ ‘W h a t a b o u t? ’ / ‘W h a t do you want to talk to me ab o u t? ’
B
W h a t is it like? / W h a t are th ey like? etc.
W h a t’s (= W hat is) it like? = tell me som ething about it - is it good or bad, big or small, old or
new? etc.
W hen we say ‘W h a t is it like?’, like is a preposition. It is not the verb like (‘D o you like your
new house?’ etc.).
• A: T here’s a new restaurant in our street.
B: W h a t’s it like? Is it good?
A: I don’t know. I haven’t eaten there yet.
• A: W h a t’s your new teacher like?
B: She’s very good. We learn a lot.
• A: I met Linda’s parents yesterday.
B: Did you? W h a t are they like?
A: T hey’re very friendly.
• A: Did you have a nice holiday? W h a t was the weather like?
B: It was lovely. T he sun shone every day.
[98]
questions :
u n it s
43-44
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w
prepositions:
u n it s
99-106
U N IT
45
EXERCISES
45.1
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
Who i* t h e U i ^ J r o r o J
1 I The letter is from XXXXX.
2
I’m looking for a XXXXX.
W h a t...............you
I went to the cinema with XXXXX.
T he film was about XXXXX.
I gave the money to XXXXX.
The book was w ritten by XXXXX.
45.2
Complete the questions for the pictures. Use one of these verbs + a preposition:
1 W ho is she. fccUJcmtj to ?
2 W hat .................................
3 W ho ..................................
45.3
Write questions beginning Which
^
1
2
3
4
45.4
4 W hat ........
5 W h a t........
6 W hich bus
_________________
Tom ’s father is in hospital.
We stayed at a hotel.
Jack plays for a football team.
I went to school in this town.
Whicfi hospUa^ Is he. in ?
you ..
You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there.
Ask questions with What is/are ... like?
1 (the roads) W hat a r e % e ro<wls Uke?
2 (the food) .......................................................
45.5
3 (the people) .............................
4 (the weather) ..........................
Ask questions with What w as/were... like?
1 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the weather.
2 Your friend has just come back from the cinema. Ask about the film.
3 Your friend has just finished an English course. Ask about the lessons.
4 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the hotel.
|99|
U N IT
K Jjj
W h a t...?
W h ic h ...?
H o w ...?
W h a t + noun (W hat c o lo u r ... ? / W h a t k in d ... ? etc.)
•
W h a t c o lo u r is your car?
•
W h a t c o lo u r are your eyes?
•
W h a t size is this shirt?
•
W h a t m ak e is your TV set?
•
W h a t tim e is it?
•
W h a t day is it today?
• W h a t k in d o f jo b do you want? (or W h a t ty p e o f job ... ? / W h a t s o rt o f job
W h a t without a noun:
• W h a t’s your favourite colour?
B
..? )
W h a t do you want to do this evening?
W h ich + noun (things or people):
• W h ich tra in did you catch the 9.50 or the 10.30?
• W h ic h d o c to r did you see - D octor Ellis, D octor Gray or D octor Hill?
We use w h ic h without a noun for things, not people:
• W h ich is bigger —Canada or Australia?
We use w h o for people (without a noun):
• W h o is taller - Bill or Gerry? (not ‘W hich is taller?’)
W h a t or w hich?
We use w h ich when we are thinking about a small num ber o f possibilities (perhaps 2, 3 or 4):
• We can go this way or that way.
W h ich w ay shall we go?
• There are four umbrellas here.
W h ich is yours?
W h a t is more general:
• W h a t is the capital o f Argentina?
• W h a t s o rt o f music do you like?
WHICH ?
Compare:
• W h a t c o lo u r are his eyes? (not ‘W hich colour?’)
W h ich c o lo u r do you prefer, p in k o r yellow?
• W h a t is the longest river in the world?
W h ich is the longest river - th e M ississippi, th e A m a z o n o r th e Nile?
D
H ow ... ?
• ‘H o w was the party last night?’ ‘It was great.’
• ‘H o w do you usually go to work?’ ‘By bus.’
You can use h o w + adjective/adverb (how tall / h o w o ld / h o w o fte n etc.):
tall are you?’ ‘I’m 1 m etre 70.’
b ig is the house?’ ‘N ot very big.’
old is your m other?’ ‘She’s 45.’
H o w < far is it from here to the airport?’ ‘Five kilometres.’
o fte n do you use your car?’ ‘Every day.’
lo n g have they been m arried?’ ‘Ten years.’
m u c h was the meal?’ ‘Twenty pounds.’
[1 0 0 ]
questions =
u n it s 4 3 - 4 5
H ow long does it take ... ?
\UNIT 4 7 |
w hich one(s) => IUNIT 7 4
U N IT
46
EXERCISES
46.1
Write questions with what.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I’ve got a new TV set.
I want a job.
I’ve got a new sweater.
I got up early this m orning.
I like music.
I want to buy a car.
46.2
Complete the questions. Use W h ich ... ?
46.3
Put in what/which/who.
(make?)
(kind?)
(colour?)
(time?)
(type?)
(kind?)
1
is that m an’s name?
2 Wbtpb way shall wc go? Left or right?
3 You can have tea or coffee................... do
you prefer?
4 ‘................ day is it today?’ ‘Friday.’
5 This is a nice house
room is
yours?
46.4
6
7
8
9
10
...............is your favourite sport?
...............is more expensive, meat or fish?
...............is older, Ann or George?
...............kind o f camera have you got?
A: M ary has got three cameras.
B: ................ camera does she use most?
11 ................ nationality are you?
Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high/long etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
4 6 .5
get up?
is M ount Everest?
........................... is it to the station?
............................is Helen?
........................... do the buses run?
............................is the water in the pool?
...........................have vou lived here?
V
. ----------------
'
>
Nearly 9000 metres.
It’s about two kilometres from here.
She’s 26.
Every ten minutes.
Two metres.
Nearly three years.
f'
Write questions with H ow ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80?
. How .te ll are- you ?
Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? ....................................
Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?
....................................
Did you spend £1 0 ? £1 5 ? £ 2 0 ?
....................................
Do you watch TV every day? O nce a week? Never?
6 Is it 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 1500? 2000?
[101|
U N IT
47
How long does it take ... ?
A
7
H ow long d oes it take
I t takes
by plane
by train
by car
two hours
ten minutes
a long time
from ... to ...
H ow long d oes it take by plane
from London to Madrid?
It takes two hours.
•
•
•
®
H ow long d o es it tak e by train from London to Manchester?
It takes two hours by train from London to Manchester.
H ow long d o es it take by car from your house to the station?
It takes ten minutes by car from my house to the station.
B
H ow long
It
does
d id
will
takes
to o k
w ill take
it take
(me)
(Ann)
(them)
(you)
(Ann)
(them)
to ... ?
a week
a long time
three hours
to ...
I started reading the book on Monday.
I finished it on Wednesday evening.
It to o k m e three days to rea d it.
H ow long does it tak e to fly from London to Madrid?
I t takes a long time to le a rn a language.
I t d o e s n ’t tak e long to c o o k an omelette.
I t takes m e 20 minutes to g e t to work.
‘I came by train.’ ‘D id you? How long d id it tak e (to get here)?’
It to o k T o m an hour to d o his shopping.
D id it tak e you a long tim e to find a job?
H ow long w ill it take m e to learn to drive?
I t will tak e us an hour to c o o k the dinner.
[1 0 2 1
U N IT
47
EXERCISES
47.1
Look at the pictures and write questions with How long ...?
2
3
4
47.2
How long does it take to do these things? Write full sentences.
1 fly from your city/country to London
..'tW'.P..
. jt®.. ..'fir®???,..MWuJLHwaL_
2 fly from your city/country to N ew York
.
3 study to he a doctor in your country
4 walk from your hom e to the nearest shop
5 get from your home to the nearest airport
47.3
Write questions with How long did it ta k e ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
4 7.4
(She found a place to live.)
(1 walked to the station.)
(He cleaned the windows.)
(I learnt to ski.)
(They repaired the car.)
.....................................................you.................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
Read the situations and write sentences with It to o k .. ..
1 I read a book last week. I started reading it on Monday. I finished it three days later.
It took roe three days to
book,
2 We walked hom e last night. We left at 10 o ’clock and we arrived hom e at 10.20.
3 I learnt to drive last year. I had my first driving lesson in January. I passed my driving test six
m onths later............................................................................................................................................
4 Mark drove to London yesterday. He left hom e at 8 o ’clock and got to London at 10.
5 Linda began looking for a job a long time ago. She got a jo b last week.
6 (write a true sentence about yourself)
[103]
Do you know where ... ?
I don’t know w h a t ... etc.
We say:
but:
W here is Paula?
D o you k n o w where P au la is ?
(not ‘D o you know w here is Paula?’)
In the same way we say:
I know i
I don’t know Vwhere P au la is
Can you tell me J
Compare:
W ho are th o se people?
but
Plow old is Linda?
W hat time is it?
Where c a n I go?
H ow m uch is this cam era?
W hen are you going away?
W here have they gone?
W hat w as A n n wearing?
D o you know
C an you tell m e
I know
I d o n ’t k n o w
I d o n ’t r e m e m b e r
who th o se p e o p le are
how old L in d a is
w hat time it is
where I c a n go
how m uch th is c a m e ra is
w hen y o u ’re going away
where th ey have gone
w hat A n n w as wearing
Questions with d o /d o e s /d id (present simple and past simple):
W here
does h e live ?
D o you k n o w w here
he lives ? (not ‘D o you know where does he live?’)
Compare:
How d o a ero p lan es fly?
W hat d ocs Ja n e want?
Why d id she go home?
W here did I put the key?
but
D o you k n o w
I d o n ’t k n o w
I d o n ’t r e m e m b e r
I know
how a e ro p lan e s fly
w hat Ja n e w an ts
why she w e n t hom e
where I p u t the key
p
Questions beginning Is ... ? / D o ... ? / C a n ... ? etc. (yes/no questions):
Compare:
Is Ja ck at home?
H ave th ey got a car?
C a n B ria n swim?
D o th ey live near here?
D id a n y b o d y sec you?
but
D o you know
if
or
I d o n ’t k n o w
w h e th e r
J a c k is at home
th e y ’ve got a car
B ria n can swim
th ey live near here
a n y b o d y saw you
You can use i f or w h e th e r in these sentences:
• Do you know i f they’ve got a car? or D o you know w h e th e r, they’ve got a car?
p
U N IT
EXERCISES
48.1
48
Answerthese questions with I don’t know where/when/why ...e tc.
/ I
1
2
3
4
5
6
,4 8 . 2
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
48.3
(where) ' cton’t know where they’ve gone.
(where) I d o n ’t k n o w .................................................
(how old) ......................................................................
(when) ..........................................................................
(why) .............................................................................
(how long) ...................................................................
Have your friends gone home?
Is Kate in her office?
Is the castle very old?
Will Paul be here soon?
Was he angry because 1 was late?
1-las Sally lived here a long time?
L
----------------------------- J
Do you know .
I don’t k n o w ........................................................
Do vou remember ..............................................
I don't k n o w ........................................................
1)o you know ......................................................
I don’t rem e m b e r................................................
(How do aeroplanes fly?)
(Where does Susan work?)
(What did Peter say?)
(Why did he go hom e early?)
(What time does the film begin?)
(How did the accident happen?)
Which is right?
1 Do you know what time is-tt / it is?
2
3
4
5
6
48 .4
Write questions with Do you know i f ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
48.5
v 48 .6
D o you know what time it is? is right
W hy are you / you arc going away?
I don’t know where are they / they are going.
Can you tell me where is the museum / the museum is?
Where do you want / you want to go for your holidays?
Do you know what do elephants eat / elephants eat?
..P'o.UPW.kMpwi/f
D o you k n o w .......................................
(Have they got a car?)
(Are they married?)
(Does Sue know Bill?)
(Will George be here tomorrow?)
(Did he pass his exam?)
Write questions beginning Do you k n o w ...?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(What does Ann want?)
(Where is Paula?)
(Is she working today?)
(W hat time does she start work?)
(Are the shops open tomorrow?)
(Where do Sarah and Tim live?)
(Did they go to Ann’s party?)
...£?.. m know.wH#. A m .
?
D o .....................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
D o you know why
:.... ?
D o you know what tim e ..................................................................................
Excuse me, can you tell me w h e re ................................................................
1 don’t know w h a t............................................................................................
D o you know i f ................................................................................................
1 0 5 ]
0
She said t h a t ...
A
He told me t h a t ...
Last week you w ent to a party. A lot o f
your friends were there. Here are some
things they said to you:
Today you m eet Paul. You tell him
about the party. You tell Paul what
>7ends said:
DIANE
m enjoying my new jo b )
'■\ My f a th e r is n ’t very well)
e’re going to'
buy a house.
SARAH
am
is
are
—> was
—> w ere
1 h a v e to go early)
My sister has
\ gone to Australia
I can’t find a jo b )
I’ll phone you)
can
( l feel fine, f
MIKE
B
C
[1 0 6 ]
"N
He said that his sister h a d gone
to Australia.
—> c o u ld
Ann said that she c o u ld n ’t find
a job.
w ill —» w o u ld
Steve said that he w o u ld phone
me.
do
does
-> d id
like school.
^ * \ \ Y ou look tired.) S
Sarah and Tim said that they
w ere going to buy a house.
Peter said that h e h a d to go early.
have
ave i
—> h a d
has J
I don’t like my jo b )
Ay son doesn’t
Diane said that she w as enjoying
her new job.
She said that h e r fa th e r w asn ’t
very well.
lo o k
feel
etc.
(present)
say and tell
say (—> said)
• He said that he was tired.
(not ‘He said m e’)
• W hat did she say to you?
(not ‘say you’)
Do not say: ‘he said m e’, ‘I said A nn’ etc.
—> lo o k ed
felt
etc.
(past)
Angela said that she d id n ’t like
herjob.
She said that h e r so n d id n ’t like
school.
Mike said that I lo o k e d tired.
1 said that I felt fine.
tell (—» told)
* H e to ld m e that he was tired.
(not ‘He told that . . . ’)
* W hat did she tell you?
(not ‘tell to you’)
D o not say: ‘he told to m e’, ‘I told to A nn’ etc.
You can say:
• H e said th a t he was tired, or H e said he was tired, (without ‘that’)
• Ann told me th a t she didn’t like herjob. or Ann told me she didn’t like herjob.
I told h im to =>
u n it 5 2
U N IT
49
EXERCISES
49.1
Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She/They said (that)....
^ I’ve lost my watch, j
6
don’t feel very well.
He s a id h e h a d lo st hfs w a tc h .
2 Jjjrw
^ I’m very busy. ]
3
^ 1 can’t go to the party, j
j,
to go out.
5
49.2
^3
We’ll be hom e late.)
8
I've just come back from holiday, j
9
I’m going to buy a computer.
I’m learning Russian. I
haven’t got a key. 1
Use the pictures to complete the sentences.
I m enjoying
my new job..
DIAMEL
lU sen d yoi
a postcard
hAA.pmrs
I don’t
want to go.
Where’s Robert?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
49.3
I want to
watch TV:
anem a
|3jfe MARY
I m et Diane last week. She said
her
Betty didn’t want anything to eat. She sa id ........................................
I wanted to borrow M ike’s ladder but he said .....................................
Sally was invited to the party but she sa id ............................................
Sharon told me she didn’t want the picture. She sa id .........................
Martin has just gone away on holiday. He said ...................................
I was looking for R obert. Linda s a id ....................................................
‘W hy did Steve stay at hom e?’ ‘H e s a id ...........................................
‘Has Mary gone out?’ ‘1 think so. She said ......................................
Put in say/said or tell/told.
1
2
3
4
5
6
He
he was tired.
W hat did she
you?
A n n ............she didn’t like Peter.
Ja c k ............me that you were ill.
Please don’t .......... Jim w hat happened.
Did L u cy
she would be late?
7 T he w o m a n ...........she was a reporter.
8 T he w o m a n ...........us she was a reporter.
9 They asked me a lot o f questions but 1
didn’t
them anything.
10 They asked me a lot o f questions but I
didn’t
anything.
[1 0 7 |
U N IT
50
work/working
go/going
do/doing
w o r k /g o /b e etc. (infinitive)
We use the infinitive w ith w ill/c a n /m u s t etc.:
will
shall
m ig h t
m ay
can
co u ld
m u st
sh o u ld
w ould
Ann w ill b e here soon.
Shall I o p e n the window?
1 m ig h t p h o n e you later.
M ay 1 sit here?
I c a n ’t m e e t you tomorrow.
C o u ld you pass the salt, please?
It’s late. I m u s t go now.
You s h o u ld n ’t w o rk so hard.
W ould you like some coffee?
d o /d o e s
(presen t simple)
d id
(past simple)
B
i
=> Units 28-29
J
]
=> U nit 30
J
J
=> Unit 31
=> Unit 32
Unit 33
=> U nit 35
D o you w ork?
They d o n ’t w o rk very hard.
Tina d o e s n ’t k n o w many people.
How m uch d oes it cost?
W hat time d id the train leave?
Wc d id n ’t sleep well.
Units 6—7
=> U nit 12
to w o rk / to go / to be etc. (to + infinitive)
(I’m) g o in g to ...
I’m g o in g to play tennis tomorrow.
W hat are you g o in g to do?
U nit 27
(I) have to ...
I have to go now.
Everybody has to eat.
=> U nit 34
(I) w a n t to ...
Do you w a n t to go out?
They don’t w a n t to c o m e with us.
=> U nit 51
(1) w o u ld like to ...
I’d like to talk to you.
W ould you like to go out?
=> U nit 35
(I) used to ...
Dave u sed to w o rk in a factory.
=> U nit 25
w o rk in g /g o in g /p la y in g etc.
a m /is /a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
w a s/w e re + -in g
(past continuous)
[108]
Please be quiet. I’m w ork in g .
Tom isn ’t w o rk in g today.
W hat time are you g o in g out?
=> Units 3 -4 , 8, 26
It was ra in in g , so we didn’t go out.
W hat w ere you d o in g when the phone rang?
=> Units 13-14
verbs + to ... and -in g (I w a n t to d o / I e n jo y d o in g ) :
g o + -tn g =
U N IT
50
EXERCISES
50.1
Complete the sentences. W rite:... phone Paul o r ... to phone Paul.
I’D phone P aul
I’m going
phone P aul
Can you ........................................ ........Paul?
Shall I ............................................ ................?
I’d like ........................................... ..................
1
2
3
4
5
50.2
D o you have ...............................................
You should ................. .................................
I w a n t...........................................................
I m ig h t..........................................................
You m u st......................................................
Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the infinitive (work/go etc.) and
sometimes you need -ing (working/going etc.).
do/doing
eat/eating
fly/flying
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
50.3
6
7
8
9
10
get/getting
go/going
listen/listening
sleep/sleeping
stay/staying
wait/waiting
Please be quiet. I’m .wortxnj....
I feel tired today. I didn’t sleep v e r y wel] last night.
W hat time do you usually............................. up in the morning?
‘W here arc y o u
?’ ‘Tothe bank.’
Did y o u ...........................television last night?
Look at that plane! It’s ............................. very low.
You can turn oft'the radio.I’m n o t .............................to it.
They didn’t .......................anything
because they weren’t hungry.
My friends w e re ............................. for me w hen I arrived.
‘Does Sharon always............................. glasses?’ ‘No, only for reading.’
‘W hat are y o u
this evening?’ ‘I’m ............................. at home.’
Put the verb in the correct form. Choose:
the infinitive (work/go etc.) or to ... (to w ork/to go etc.) or
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
w atch/w atching
wear/w earing
w ork/ working
-ing (working/going etc.)
Shall 1 PPPh. the window? (open)
It’s late. I have ^9. 9?..... now. (go)
Ann isn’t ..
.. this week. She s on holiday, (work)
I’m tired. I don’t w a n t
out. (go)
It m ig h t............................. , so take an umbrella w ith you. (rain)
W hat time do you h av e............................. tom orrow morning? (leave)
I’m afraid I can’t ........................... you. (help)
My brother is a student. H e’s ............................ physics, (study)
Would you lik e ............................on a trip round the world? (go)
W hen you saw Janet,what was s h e .............................? (wear)
W hen you go to London, where are you g o in g ......................... ? (stay)
I’m hungry. I m u st
something to eat. (have)
‘W here’s George?’ ‘H e’s ............................a bath.’ (have)
I u se d .......................... a car but I sold it last year, (have)
He spoke very quietly. I couldn’t ............................him. (hear)
You don’t look well. I don’t think you sh o u ld ............................ to work today, (go)
I don’t know what he said. I wasn’t
to him. (listen)
I’m sorry I’m late. I h a d
a phone call, (make)
I w a n t......................... w hat happened, (know) You m u st.............................. me. (tell)
May I .......................... your phone? (use)
1109]
U N IT
51
A
to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
verbs + to ... (I w a n t to do)
w ant
hope
need
p lan
expect
p ro m is e
d ecid e
offer
refuse
+ to ... (to d o / to w o rk / to b e etc.)
W hat do you w a n t to d o this evening?
It’s not very late. We d o n ’t n e e d to go home yet.
Tina has d e c id e d to sell her car.
You fo rg o t to sw itch off the light w hen you w ent out.
My brother is le a rn in g to drive.
I trie d to rea d my book but I was too tired.
B
verbs + -in g (I enjoy doing)
enjoy
m in d
*
*
®
*
sto p
finish
su g g est
+ -»ng (d o in g / w o rk in g / b e in g etc.)
I enjoy dancing. (not ‘enjoy to dance’)
I don’t m in d getting up early.
Has it s to p p e d raining?
Sonia su g g e ste d going to the cinema.
0
verbs + - in g or to ...
like
p re fe r
love
h a te
s ta rt
b e g in
c o n tin u e
+ -in g (d o in g etc.) or to ... (to d o etc.)
Do you like getting up early? or D o you like to g e t up early?
I p re fe r travelling by car. or I p re fe r to travel by car.
Ann loves dancing, or Ann loves to d an ce.
I h a te being late, or I h a te to b e late.
It s ta rte d raining, or It s ta rte d to rain .
w o u ld like to ... (etc.)
w o u ld like
w o u ld prefer
*
•
•
*
+ to ... (to d o / to w o rk / to be etc.)
Julia w o u ld like to m e e t you. (not ‘would like m eeting’)
I’d love to go to Australia. (I’d = I w ould)
‘W ould you like to sit down?’
‘No, I’d p re fe r to sta n d , thank you.’
I w o u ld n ’t like to b e a teacher.
w o u ld lik e => Eufl
I 10]
w o u ld love
w o u ld 'hate
preposition + -in g :
I w a n t y o u to
UNIT 1 0 5
g o + - in g =
U N IT
51
EXERCISES
51.1
Put the verb in the rightform , t o ... or -in g .'
1 I enjoy
(dance).
2 What do you want .t®...4®... (do) tonight?
3 Goodbye! I h o p e .......................(see) you
again soon.
4 I lea rn t...................... (swim) when 1 was
five years old.
5 Have you finished
(clean) the
kitchen?
6 I’m tired. I w a n t.......................(go) to bed.
7 Do you enjoy...................... (visit) other
countries?
.8 T he weather was nice, so I suggested
..................... (go) for a walk by the river.
5 1.2
9 W here’s Bill? H e prom ised......................
(be) here on time.
10 I’m not in a hurry. 1 don’t m ind
......................(wait).
11 W hat have you d ecided....................... (do)?
12 George was very angry and refused
......................(speak) to me.
13 W here’s Ann? 1 n e e d ....................... (ask)
her something.
14 I was very upset and started ..................(cry)15 I’m try in g ......................(work). Please stop
...................... (talk).
Complete the sentences using t o ... or -ing. Use one of these verbs:
go
help
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
live
lose
ra in
rea d
see
sen d
t ake
w a it
w alk
w a tc h
I like London but I w ouldn’t like
Uye- there.
I like
.(QR..to take.) photographs w hen I’m on holiday.
Linda has a lot o f books. She enjoys..............................
I’m surprised that you’re here. I didn’t e x p e c t............................. you.
D on’t fo rg e t.............................us a postcard w hen you’re on holiday.
‘Shall we get a taxi to the cinema?’‘If you like, but it isn’t far. I don’t m in d .......
This ring is very beautiful. I’d h a te .............................. it.
Julia had a lot to do, so 1 offered............................. her.
W hat shall we do this afternoon? W ould you lik e ............................. to the beach?
W hen I’m tired in the evenings, I lik e ............................television.
‘Shall we go now?’
‘No, I’d prefer.....................a few minutes.’
I’m not going out until it sto p s.............................
Complete the answers to the questions.
D o you usually get up early ?
Do you ever go to museums?
D o you often write letters?
Have you ever been to N ew York?
D o you often travel by train?
Shall we eat at hom e or go to a
restaurant?
51-4
Yes, I like getting (OR to geb) up earLy .
Yes, 1 lo v e ...............................................................
No, 1 don’t like .....................................................
N o, but I’d lo v e .......................................one day.
Yes, 1 enjoy ............................................................
I don’t m in d .......................................a restaurant
but I’d p refer...........................................home.
Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use t o ... or -ing.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I enjoy .........................................................................
1 don’t like ...................................................................
If it’s a nice day tomorrow, I’d lik e ..........................
W hen I’m on holiday, 1 like .....................................
I don’t m in d ....................................................... b u t .
I w ouldn’t lik e .............................................................
[Ill]
I want you to ...
I told you to
I w a n t you to ...
T he woman w an ts to go.
T he m an d o e s n ’t w a n t the woman to go.
H e w a n ts her to stay.
PLeas e d x m 'b ^ o ^ )
We say:
OS
I w ant
you
so m e b o d y
A nn
to d o something
• I w a n t you to be happy, (not ‘I want that you are happy’)
• They didn’t w a n t a n y b o d y to k n o w their secret.
• Do you w a n t m e to len d you some money?
We use w o u ld like in the same way:
• W ould you like m e to le n d you some money?
B
We also use this structure (verb + somebody + to ...) with:
verb
ask
tell
advise
expect
p e rsu a d e
teach
Sue
1
What do you
I didn’t
We
I
+
asked
to ld
advise
expect
p e rsu a d e d
ta u g h t
somebody -I- to ..
a friend
you
me
them
George
my brother
to
to
to
to
to
to
lend
be
do?
be
com e
sw im .
her some money.
careful.
here.
w ith us.
I to ld you to ... / I to ld you n o t to ...
I < 1 \ — Wait for me. 1
----------------ANN
—> Ann to ld me to w a it for her.
MR
—» Paul to ld Sue n o t to w ait for him.
* ’1 ^ D o n ’t wait for me.)
SUE
m ak e and let
After m ak e and let. we do not use to:
• H e’s very funny. He m ak es me lau g h . (not ‘makes me to laugh’)
• At school our teacher m a d e us w o rk very hard.
• Sue le t me use her com puter because mine wasn’t working (not ‘let m e to use’)
You can say L e t’s ... (= L et us) w hen you want people to do things with you:
• Com e on! L e t’s d an ce.
• ‘Shall we go out tonight?’ ‘No, I’m tired. L e t’s stay at home.’
[1 1 2 ]
H e to ld m e th a t ... =>
UNIT
49
U N IT
52
EXERCISES
^ 52.1
Write sentences beginning I want you .../ I don’t want you .../D o you want me ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
- 52.2
(you must come w ith me)
...!...
you to com e with roe.
(listen carefully)
I w a n t...................................................................
(please don’t be angry)
I don’t ..................................................................
(shall I wait for you?)
D o y o u .................................................................
(don’t phone m e tonight)
...............................................................................
(you must meet Sarah)............................................................................................
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
^ (Conyou Help roe?)
Where s t h e )
station? J y
/T m left a-fter
-yjtie bridge.
Atxhtxixir
Come on! Let’s qo'N
to the cinema,!
It’s a. good -film
You should gt
to th e doctor
rain a LINDA
Can I use N 7 / Don't phone
your phone?
\before 8 o’clock
I’m busu now. Come
back in ten minutes.
course.
'■TOM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
52.3
Yes, my motherYHjHj
, taxiqhtme. / a n n
■
Tw flim u:
PAUL
Dan persuaded
99 Jr9.
jm w c l .
I wanted to get to the station. A wom an told
Brian wasn’t well. I advised...............................
Linda had a lot o f luggage. She a sk e d ..............
I was busy. I to ld ..................................................
I wanted to make a phone call. Paul l e t ...........
Sue is going to phone later. I t o l d ....................
A nn’s m other ta u g h t...........................................
Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go / to wait etc.);
sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait etc.).
a rriv e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
b o rro w
g et
go
go
m ak e
re p e a t
tell
th in k
w ait
Please stay here. I don’t want you . fP.JP.
1 didn’t hear what she said, so I asked h e r ................................... it.
‘Shall we begin?’ ‘N o, let’s ................................... a few' minutes.’
Are they already here? I expected th e m ..................................m uch later.
Kevin’s parents didn’t want h im ..................................married:
1 want to stay here. You can’t make m e ..................................w ith you.
‘Is that your bicycle?’ ‘No, it’s Jo h n ’s. H e let m e ................................... it.’
Mary can’t come to the party. She told m e ................................... you.
Would you like a drink? W ould you like m e ...................................some coffee?
‘Ann doesn’t like me.’ ‘W hat makes y o u ................................... that?’
[113]
U N IT
53
I went to the shop to .
Paula wanted a newspaper, so she
went to the shop.
Why did she go to the shop?
To b u y a newspaper.
She w ent to the shop to b u y a
newspaper.
to ... (to buy / to see etc.) tells us w hy a person does something:
* ‘W hy are you going out?’
‘To g e t some bread.’
• Arm went to the station to m e e t her friend.
• Sue turned on the television to w a tc h the news.
• I’d like to go to Spain to le a rn Spanish.
m o n e y /tim e to (do something):
# We need some m o n e y to b u y food.
* I haven’t got tim e to w a tc h television.
to ... and fo r ...
to + verb
(to b u y / to see etc.)
• I went to the shop to b u y a newspaper.
(not ‘for buy’)
• They’re going to Scotland to see their
friends.
• We need some m oney to b u y food.
fo r + noun
(for a n e w sp a p e r / fo r fo o d etc.)
* I went to the shop fo r a n ew sp a p e r.
* They’re going to Scotland fo r a holiday.
* We need some m oney fo r fo o d .
I can’t go out yet. I’m
waiting for John to phone.
w a it fo r ...
• Please w a it fo r m e.
• Are you w a itin g fo r th e bus?
w ait to (do something):
• H urry up! I’m w a itin g to go.
• Are you w a itin g to see the doctor?
w a it fo r (somebody/something) to ...
• I can’t go out yet. I’m w a itin g fo r J o h n
to p h o n e .
• Are you w a itin g fo r th e d o c to r to com e?
g o to ... and g o fo r .
[1 1 4 ]
e n o u g h t o / f o r ... =>
UNIT 5 4 1
| UNIT 9 0 ]
s o m e th in g to e a t / n o th in g to d o etc. =>
to o ... t o / f o r ...
1UNIT 9 1 1
UNIT 7 8
1
U N IT
53
EXERCISES
53.1
Write sentences beginning I went to .. .. Choose from the boxes.
fche-sta-tkm
the cafe
the post office
the supermarket
buy some food
get some stamps
m eet a friend
1 (...went to.the station to
2 I w e n t................................................................
3 ............................................................................
4 ............................................................................
53.2
Finish the sentences. Choose from the box.
to open this door
1
2
3
4
5
6
53.3
?
Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to ....
I went to the shop to buy a. new spaper.
I’m very busy. I haven’t got time ....................................................................
I phoned A n n ......................................................................................................
I’m going o u t ......................................................................................................
I borrowed some m oney....................................................................................
Put in to or for.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
53.5
to see w ho it was
to get some fresh air
I turned on the television tp
th e new s,
Alice sat down in an a rm c h air......................................................................
Do I need a key ...............................................................................................
1 went for a walk by the r iv e r ........................................................................
1 knocked on the door o f David’s r o o m ......................................................
T he doorbell rang, so I looked out o f the w in d o w ....................................
1
2
3
4
5
53.4
to wake him up
to read the newspaper
Paula went to the shop
buy some bread.
We went to a restaurant
have dinner.
R o b ert wants to go to university
study economics.
I’m going to L o n d o n ..........an interview next week.
I’m going to L o n d o n ..........visit some friends o f mine.
Have you got tim e
a eup o f coffee?
I got up late this m orning. I didn’t have tim e
wash.
Everybody needs m o n e y
live.
T he office is very small. T here’s space o n ly
a desk and chair.
A: Excuse me, are you w aitin g
use the phone?
B: No, I’m w aiting
somebody.
Finish these sentences. Choose from:
J oh n / p h o n e
1
2
3
4
it / to a rriv e
y o u / tell m e
th e film / b e g in
I can’t go out yet. I’m waiting ..fPL,vM lP.Jp P.!4?.hPr......
I sat down in the cinema and w a ite d ................................................................
We called an ambulance and w a ite d ................................................................
‘Do you know what to do?’ ‘N o, I’m w a itin g ..............................................
|115]
0
g o to ...
g o o n ...
go f o r . . .
go-ing
go to ... (go to w o rk / go to L o n d o n / go to a c o n c e r t etc.)
•
•
•
•
•
W hat time do you usually go to w ork?
I’m g o in g to F ran ce next week.
Tom didn’t want to go to th e c o n c e rt.
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘She’s g o n e to b ed .’
I w e n t to the d e n tist last week.
---------
go to
go to sleep = start to sleep:
• I was very tired and w e n t to sleep quickly.
go h o m e (without to)
• I’m g o in g h o m e now. (not ‘going to hom e’)
B
go o n ..
holiday
a trip
a tour
an excursion
a cruise
strike
W e’re g o in g o n h o lid ay next week.
Children often go o n sch o o l trips.
W hen we were in Scotland, we w e n t o n a lo t o f e x cu rsio n s
to different places.
T he workers have g o n e o n strike. (= they are refusing to
work)
go fo r ...
a walk
a run
a swim
go (somewhere) fo r
a drink
a meal
a holiday
D
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘She’s g o n e fo r a w alk.’
D o you go fo r a r u n every day?
T he sea looks nice. Let’s go fo r a sw im .
We w e n t fo r a d rin k after work yesterday.
Shall we go out fo r a m eal? I know a good restaurant.
They’ve g o n e to Scotland fo r a holiday.
(We say ‘o n h o lid a y ’ but ‘fo r a holiday’.)
go + -in g
We use go + -in g for m any sports (sw im m in g / sk iin g etc.) and also sh o p p in g :
I go
he is g o in g
we w e n t
they have g o n e
she wants to go
•
•
•
•
[1 1 6 ]
•
•
•
•
•
•
shopping
swim m ing
fishing
sailing
skiing
jogging etc.
Are you g o in g s h o p p in g this afternoon?
It’s a nice day. Let’s go s w im m in g , (or Let’s go fo r a swim.)
Rachel has a small boat and she often goes sailing.
I w e n t jo g g in g before breakfast this m orning.
U N IT
54
EXERCISES
54.1
Put in to/on/for where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1I
12
13
14
15
54.2
I’m going ..ifP. .. France next week.
Rachel often goes
sailing.
Sue w e n t
Mexico last year.
Would you like to g o
the cinema this evening?
Jack g o es
jogging every m orning.
I’m going o u t
a walk. Do you want to come?
I’m tired because I went to a party last night and w e n t
bed very late.
Martin is g o in g
holiday
Italy next week.
T he weather was warm and the river was clean, so we w e n t
a swim.
There will be no buses next week because the bus drivers are g o in g
strike.
I need some stamps, so I’m g o in g
the post office.
It’s late. I must g o
hom e now.
Would you like to g o
a tour o f the city?
Shall we go o u t
a meal this evening?
My parents are g o in g
a cruise this summer.
Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use go/goes/going/went + -ing.
2 last Saturday
54.3
every day
4 next month
GEORGE
RACHEL
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
LIN DA
Rachel has a boat. She often goes sailing
Last Saturday Diane w e n t...........................................................
G eo rg e .......................................................... every day.
Linda is going on holiday next m onth. She is ..........................................
Peter is going out later. He has t o ...........................................................
Sheila.......................................................... after w ork yesterday evening.
Use the words in the box to finish these sentences. Use to/on/for if necessary.
home
a walk
shopping
Portugal
holiday
riding
a swim
the bank
sleep
skiing
swuyi .
1 T he sea looks nice. Let’s go .for
2 ‘Is Ann at hom e?’ ‘No, she’s g o n e ....................................................to get some money.’
3 I’m g o in g ....................................................now. 1 have to buy some presents.
4 I was very tired last night. 1 sat down in an arm chair and w e n t.
5 I wasn’t enjoying the party, so 1 w e n t....................................................early.
6 We live near the mountains. In w inter we g o ..................................................... every weekend.
7 Richard has got a horse. He often g o es......................................................
8 The weather is nice. Shall we g o
in the park?
9 A: Are you g o in g ..................................................... soon?
B: Yes, next m onth. W e’re g o in g ......................................................
[1 1 7 ]
U N IT
55
get
g et a le tte r / g et a jo b etc. (get + noun) = receive/buy/fetch/find:
•
•
•
•
‘Did you g et my letter?’ ‘Yes, I g o t it yesterday.’ (= receive)
I like your pullover. W here did you get it? (= buy)
(on the phone) ‘Hello, can 1 speak to Ann, please?’ ‘O ne m om ent. I’ll g e t her.’ (= fetch)
It’s difficult to g e t a jo b at the m om ent. (—find)
also get a bus / a tra in / a taxi (— take a bus/train etc.):
• ‘Did you come here on foot.?’
‘No, I g o t the bus.’
g et h u n g ry / g e t c o ld / g e t tire d etc. (get + adjective) = become:
you g e t h u n g ry
you are h u n g r y
•
•
•
•
also
If you don’t eat, you g e t h u n g ry .
D rink your coffee. It’s g e ttin g cold.
I’m sorry your m other is ill. I hope she gets b e tte r soon.
We g o t very w et because we didn’t have an umbrella.
g e t m a r r ie d
g et dressed (= put your clothes on)
g et lo st (= lose your way)
• Linda and Frank are g e ttin g m a r r ie d soon.
• 1 got up and g o t d ressed quickly.
• We w ent for a walk and g o t lost.
g et to a place = arrive:
• I usually g et to w o rk before 8.30. (= arrive at work)
• We left London at 10 o ’clock and g o t to M a n c h e ste r
at 12.45.
• H ow did you g e t here? By bus?
g et h o m e (without to):
• W hat time did you g e t h o m e last night?
g et i n / o u t / o n / o f f
L U ,„ ,
«
g e t in (a car)
—
!<■»;
get on
g et o f f
(a bus / a train / a plane)
g et o u t (o f a car)
• Kate g o t in th e c a r and drove away. (You can also say: Kate got in to the car ...)
• A car stopped and a man g o t o u t. (but A man got out o f th e car.)
• We g o t o n th e bus outside the hotel and g o t o ff in Church Street.
[1 1 8 1
g e t to
UNIT
101
in /o u t/o n /o f f
=>
UNITS 103,107
get up
UNIT 107
get on :
APPENDIX 6
U N IT
55
EXERCISES
55.1
Complete these sentences. Use get(s) and choose from the box.
a taxi
your jacket
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
55.2
a doctor
th ejo b
Complete these sentences. Use getting + one of these words:
1
2
3
4
5
late
e o ld
read y
m a r r ie d
D rink your coffee. It’s
c^ld....
Turn on the light. It’s .......................................................................
‘I’m .....................................................................next week.’ ‘O h, really? Congratulations!’
‘W here’s Sally?’ ‘She’s ...................................................................... to go out.’
ft’s ....................................................................... It’s time to go home.
Complete the sentences. Use get/got + one of these words:
a n g ry
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
55.4
some milk
a ticket
I wrote to you last week. Did you .jjct.roy. Letter ?
W here did y o u
? It’s very nice.
Quick! This man is ill. We m u st.....................................................................
I don’t want to walk home. Let’s ....................................................................
I had an interview with the manager but I didn’t ........................................
W hen you go out, can y o u ...................................................................... ?
‘Are you going to the concert?’ ‘Yes, if I c a n ...............................
Margaret has got a well-paid job. S h e .......................................................................
d a rk
55.3
mydetter
a good salary
b e tte r
h u n g ry
lo st
m a r r ie d
n e rv o u s
o ld
w et
If you don’t eat, you
■■
D o n ’t go out in the rain. You’l l .......................................................................
My b ro th e r
last year. His wife’s name is Julia.
Why did y o u ...................................................................... w ith me? I didn’t do anything wrong.
We tried to find the hotel but w e .....................................................................
Everybody wants to stay young but we a ll.......................................................................
The beginning o f the film wasn’t very good but i t .......................................................................
Most p e o p le
before examinations.
Write sentences with I le ft ... and got to . . . .
1 hom e / 7.30 —> work / 8.15 . . ! . . ^ . . 7 - wor k
S;152 London / 10.15 —> Bristol / 11.45
1 left London at 10 .15 and ..................................................................................................................
3 the party / I 1.15 —> hom e / m idnight
4 Write a true sentence about yourself.
I le f t........................................................................................................................................................
55.5
Put in got in / got out of / got on / got off.
1
2
3
4
Kate 99^40 the car and drove away.
I ............................................. the bus and walked to my house from the bus stop.
A n n ............................................. the car, shut the door and went into a shop.
I made a stupid mistake. I ............................................... the wrong train.
[1 1 9 ]
U N IT
56
do and make
D o is a general word for actions:
• W hat are you d o in g this evening? (not 'W hat are you making?’)
• ‘Shall I open the window?’ ‘No, it’s OK. I’ll d o it.’
• Julia’s job is very boring. She d o es the same thing every day.
• I d id a lot o f things yesterday.
W h a t d o y o u do? = W hat’s your job?:
• ‘W hat do you do?’
‘I work in a bank.’
M ake = produce/create. For example:
She’s m a k in g coffee.
H e has m a d e a cake.
They m a k e umbrellas. It was m a d e in France.
Compare d o and m ake:
• I d id a lot o f things yesterday. 1 c le a n e d my room, 1 w ro te some letters and I m a d e a
cake.
• A: W hat do you d o in your free time? Sport? Reading? Hobbies?
B: I m ak e clothes. I m a k e dresses and jackets. I also m a k e toys for children.
Expressions with do
an exam (examination) / a test
a course
hom ework
(somebody) a favour
exercises
housework
do
•
•
•
•
•
•
I’m d o in g m y d riv in g te st next week.
John has just d o n e a tra in in g co u rse.
Have the children d o n e th e ir h o m ew o rk ?
Ann, could you d o m e a favour?
I go for a run and d o exercises every morning.
I hate d o in g h o u se w o rk , especially cleaning.
also d o th e s h o p p in g / th e w ash in g / th e w a sh in g -u p / th e iro n in g / th e c o o k in g etc.:
• I d id th e w ash in g but I didn’t d o th e sh o p p in g .
Expressions with m ak e
m ak e
a mistake
an appointm ent
a phone call
a list
a noise
a bed
•
•
•
•
•
•
I’m sorry, I m a d e a m istak e.
I must m a k e an a p p o in tm e n t to see the doctor.
Excuse me, I have to m a k e a p h o n e call.
Have you m a d e a sh o p p in g list?
It’s late. We m ustn’t m a k e a noise.
Sometimes I forget to m a k e m y b e d in the m orning.
We say m ak e a film but tak e a p h o to g ra p h :
• W hen was th is film m ade? but W hen was th is p h o to g ra p h taken?
[120]
d o /d o e s /d i d (negatives and questions) :
u n its 4 2 - 4 3
m a k e som ebody do som ething :
U N IT
EXERCISES
56.1
Put in make/making/made or do/doing/did/done.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
56.2
‘Shall 1 open the window?’ ‘No, it’s OK. I’ll A ? . it.’
W hat did y o u ............................at the weekend? D id you go away?
D o you know how t o ............................. bread?
Paper i s ........................... from wood.
Richard didn’t help me. He sat in an armchair a n d ............................. nothing.
‘W hat do y o u ............................ ?’ ‘I’m a doctor.’
I asked you to clean the bathroom. Have y o u ............................. it?
‘W hat do th e y .............................in that factory?’ ‘Shoes.’
I’m .............................some coffee. Would you like some?
Why are you angry with me? I didn’t .............................. anything wrong.
‘W hat arc y o u ............................tom orrow afternoon?’ ‘I’m working.’
What are these people doing?
1 He’s making a. cake.
2 T h e y ................................................................
3 H e.!..................................................................
4..............................................................................
5.... ..........................................................................
6
56.3
56
7
8.. ...............
9.................
10.................
11..................
12 .............
Putin make or do in the correct form.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
I hate .ApixyQ housework, especially cleaning.
W hy do you always............................. the same mistake?
‘Can y o u
me a favour?’ ‘It depends what it is.’
‘Have y o u .............................your hom ew ork?’ ‘N o t yet.’
I need to see the dentist but I haven’t ............................. an appointment.
I’m
a course in photography at the m om ent. It’s very good.
T he last time I ............................. an exam was ten years ago.
W hen you’ve finished Exercise 1, you c a n .............................Exercise 2.
T here’s something wrong with the car. T he engine i s ............................. a strange noise.
It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I’ve e v e r..............................
Let’s .............................a list o f all the things we havet o .............................today.
[1 2 1 ]
U N IT
57
have
have and have g o t (=> U nit 9)
I ’ve g o t (something) or I have (something) —it is mine:
• I’ve g o t a new car. or I have a new car.
• Sue has g o t long hair, or Sue has long hair.
• H ave they g o t any children? or D o they have any children?
• Tim h a s n ’t g o t a job. or Tim d o e s n ’t have a job.
• How m uch time have you got? or H ow m uch time d o you have?
also
I’ve g o t
I have
a headache / (a) toothache / a stomach ache / a pain (in my leg etc.)
a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature / flu etc..
• I’ve g o t a headache, or I have a headache.
• H ave you g o t a cold? or D o you have a cold?
The past is: I h a d (without ‘got’) / I d id n ’t have / D id you have? etc.:
• W hen I first m et Sue, she h a d short hair.
• He d id n ’t have any m oney because he d id n ’t have a job.
• How much time d id you have?
B
have b rea k fa st / have a sh o w er etc.
In these expressions have = eat/drink/take etc. You cannot use ‘have got’.
have
breakfast / lunch / dinner
a meal / a sandwich / a pizza etc.
a cup o f coffee / a glass o f milk etc.
something to eat/drink
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘She’s h a v in g lunch.’
I d o n ’t usually have breakfast.
I h a d three cups o f coffee this morning.
'H ave a biscuit!’ ‘O h, thank you.’
We also use have (not ‘have got’) in these expressions:
have
a bath / a shower
a rest / a holiday / a party
a nice time / a good journey etc.
a walk / a swim / a game (of tennis etc.)
a dream / an accident
a baby
a look ( a t...)
• I h a d a shower this m orning.
• W e’re h a v in g a party next week. You
must come.
• Enjoy your holiday. H ave a nice time!
• D id you have a good time in London?
• Sandra has just h a d a baby.
• Can I have a look at your newspaper?
fVrr\ Having oe\
Com pare I ’ve g o t and I have:
• I’ve g o t / I have a new shower. It’s very good.
(You can use I ’ve g o t or I have in this sentence.)
• I have a shower every m orning, (not ‘I’ve g o t’)
• A: W here’s Paul?
B: H e’s h a v in g a shower. (= he’s washing now)
[1 2 2 ]
I have / I ’ve g o t =s
I’ve (done) (present perfect) => UNITS 15-18
V. shower. J
SrS& l
I have to ... =s
UNIT
34
U N IT
57
EXERCISES
57.1
Put in the correct form of have or have got.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
57.2
time to do the shopping yesterday.
'Ha.5 Lcsa. got (OR Does Lt6 ft. hccye)' a car?’ ‘N o, she can’t drive.’
He can’t open the door................................................... a key.
...............................................a cold last week. H e’s better now.
W hat’s wrong? ...............................................a headache?
We wanted to go by taxi but w e ............................................. enough money,
Liz is very busy. ...............................................m uch free time.
...............................................any problems w hen you wrere on holiday?
What are these people doing? Choose from the list:
a rest
a c u p o f tea
d in n e r
a b a th
1 They're Having b re a kfa st.
2 She ..........................................
3 H e ...........................................
57.3
(1 / not / have)
(Lisa / have?)
(he / not / have)
(George / have)
(you / have?)
(we / not / have)
(she / not / have)
(you / have?)
a n ice tim e
4 They
5 .........
6
.........................
What do you say in these situations?
1 Ann is going on holiday. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
Have a. n i^ HplTcLtUj!
2 You meet Claire at the airport. She has just got off her plane. Ask her about the flight.
Did, you Hove cc good, flight?...
3 Tom is going on a longjourney. W hat do you say to him before he leaves?
4 It’s Monday morning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend.
5 Paul has just come hom e after playing tennis with a friend. Ask him about the game.
6 Rachel is going out for a meal tonight. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
57.4
Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list.
an a c c id e n t
a glass o f w a te r
a lo o k
a w alk
a-p ar t y
s o m e th in g to e a t
1
2
3
4
5
We h a rt a. poriy a few weeks ago. We invited fifty people.
‘Shall w e ..................................................................... ?’ ‘No, I’m not hungry.’
1 was thirsty so I .......................................................................
I like to get up early a n d ..................................................................... before breakfast.
Tina is a very good driver. She has n e v e r.......................................................................
6 T here’s something wrong with the engine o f my car. Can y o u ............................................ at it?
[123]
U N IT
58
I/me
he/him
they/them etc.
People
I
me
subject
object
we
us
you
you
I know Ann.
We know Ann.
You know Ann.
H e knows Ann.
She knows Ann.
T h e y know Ann.
Ann knows m e.
Ann knows us.
Ann knows you.
Ann knows h im .
Ann knows her.
Ann knows th em .
me
us
you
h im
h er
th e m
it
it
•
•
•
•
C
11 2 4 1
she
her
object
subject
I
we
you
he
she
th ey
he
h im
they
th e m
I don’t want th is b o o k . You can have it.
I don’t want these b o o k s. You can have th e m .
Diane never drinks m ilk. She doesn’t like it.
I never go to p a rtie s. 1 don’t like th e m .
We use m e / h e r / th e m etc. (object) after a preposition ( f o r /to /w ith etc.):
• This letter isn’t fo r m e. It’s fo r you.
• W ho is that woman? W hy are you looking a t her?
• W e’re going to the cinema. D o you want to come w ith us?
• Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. D o you want to go w ith th em ?
• ‘W here’s the newspaper?’ ‘You’re sitting o n it.’
give it/th e m to ...
• I want that book. Please give it to m e.
• R obert wants these books. Can you give th e m to h im , please?
m y /h is /th e ir etc.
G ive m e th a t b o o k / G ive it to m e =>
UNIT 9 5
they
th e m
U N IT
58
EXERCISES
58.1
Finish the sentences with him/her/them.
1
2
3
4
5
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
6 I don’t
7 I don’t
58.2
know
know
know
know
know
know
know
those girls. Do you know J . ... ?
that man. D o you k n o w ............................. ?
those people. D o you k n o w ............................. ?
David’s wife. D o you k n o w ............................. ?
M r Stevens. D o you k n o w ............................. ?
Sarah’s parents. Do you k n o w ............................?
the wom an w ith the black coat. Do you know ....
Complete the sentences. Use l/me/you/she/her etc.
1 I want to see h e r b u t d o e s n ’t want to see tY’e .
- d ____________________ _ J
1____________ 1
2 T h e y want to see m e b u t .......................... d o n ’t want to s e e ....
3 She wants to see h im b u t...........................doesn’t want to see .
4 We want to see th e m b u t .......................... don’t want to s e e ....
5 H e wants to see us b u t ............................don’t want to s e e .........
6 T h e y want to sec h e r b u t ...........................doesn’t want to see
7 I want to sec th e m b u t ............................don’t want to s e e .........
8 You want to see h e r b u t ............................doesn’t want to see ....
58.3
Write sentences beginning I like ..., I don’t l ik e ... or Do you l i k e ... ?
1 I don’t eat tomatoes. .
.
...
George is a very nice man. I lik e ................................................
This jacket isn’t very nice. 1 don’t ................................................
This is my new car. D o ............................................... ?
Mrs Clark is not very friendly. 1 ................................................
6 These are my new shoes.................................................. ?
2
3
4
5
5 8.4
Complete the sentences. Use l/me/he/him etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
58.5
W ho is that woman? W hy are you looking at her ?
‘D o you know that man?’ ‘Yes, 1 work w ith .........................’
W here are the tickets? 1 can’t fin d ........................
I can’t find my keys. W here a re ........................?
We’re going out. You can come w ith .........................
Margaret likes music.......................... plays the piano.
I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid o f .........................
I’m talking to you. Please listen t o .........................
W here is Ann? I want to talk t o .........................
My brother has a new jo b
doesn’t lik e ......................... very much.
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
I want that book. Can you
jm e, ?
He wants the key. Can you g iv e .......................................................................?
She wants the keys. Can y o u ...................................................................... ?
I want that letter. Can y o u .......................................................................?
They want the money. Can y o u .......................................................................?
6 We want the photographs. Can y o u ...................................................................... ?
[1 2 5 ]
U N IT
59
m y/his/their etc.
I
we
you
he
she
they
—> m y
—^ o u r
—> y o u r
his
—> h e r
—> th e ir
I
We
You
He
She
They
like
like
like
likes
likes
like
my
our
your
his
her
th e ir
Oxford (= it:) s famous for its university.
it —> its
We use m y /y o u r /h is etc. + a noun:
m y hands
his m other
o u r house
y o u r best friend
B
job.
jobs.
job.
job.
job.
jobs.
h e r new car
th e ir room
h is /h e r/th e ir
M
D
h e r car
(= D iane’s car)
h e r husband
•\ (= D iane’s
' husband)
h e r children
(= D iane’s
children)
his bicycle
[1 2 6 ]
rs
T
hom son
I /m e /m y /m in e =>
th e ir son
th e ir daughter
his parents
th e ir children
Oxford is famous for its university.
I like Oxford. I t ’s a nice city. (= It is a nice city.)
unit
60
m in e /y o u r s etc. => IM
A^J
M
his sister
its and i t ’s
its
i t ’s (= it is)
r and
A ndy
ia n c
UNIT 61
U N IT
59
EXERCISES
59.1
Finish these sentences.
4 H e’s going to w ash......
5 T hey’re going to wash
6 Are you going to wash
1 I’m going to wash
2 She’s going to wash ...................
3 We re going to wash .................
59.2
Finish these sentences.
1
2
3
4
59.3
He Lives
hrs pf^ents .
They live w i t h ...................................parents.
W e ....................................................... parents.
Julia lives..........................................................
5 I ......................................................... parents.
6 John ................................................................
7 D o you liv e ................................................... ?
8 Most c h ild ren ................................................
Look at the family tree and complete the sentences with his/her/their.
1 1saw Liz w ith
husband, Philip.
2 I saw Ann and Ted w ith
children.
3 I saw Ted w ith
wife, Ann.
4 I saw George w ith
brother, Bill.
5 Isaw Ann w ith
brother, Bill.
6 I saw Liz and Philip w ith
son, Bill.
7 I saw Ann w ith
parents.
8 I saw Diana and R o b e rt w ith
parents.
59.4
Put in my/our/your/his/her/their/its.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
59.5
D o you like yPPF .job?
I know Mr Watson but I don’t k n o w ............... wife.
M r and Mrs Baker live in London..................... son lives in Australia.
We re going to have a party. We’re going to invite a ll..................friends.
Ann is going out w ith
friends this evening.
1 like tennis. It’s ..................favourite sport.
‘Is th a t..................car?’ ‘No, I haven’t got a car.’
I want to phone Ann. Do you k n o w ..................phone number?
Do you think most people are happy i n ................. jobs?
I’m going to w ash ..................hair before I go out.
This is a beautiful tree
leaves are a beautiful colour.
John has a brother and a sister......................brother is 25 a n d ................... sister is 21.
Complete the sentences. Use my/his/their etc. with one of these words:
coat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
h o m e w o rk
h o u se
h u sb a n d
je B
key
nam e
Jim doesn’t enjoy JiM.J.P!?.
It’s not very' interesting.
I can’t open the door. I haven’t g o t......................................................
Sally is m arried...........................................................works in a bank.
It’s very cold today. Put o n ....................................................w hen you go out.
‘W hat are the children doing?’ ‘T hey’re d o in g ..................................................... .’
‘Do you know that man?’ ‘Yes, but I don’t k n o w ..................................................... .’
We live in Barton Street......................................................... is at the end on the left.
|1 2 7 |
U N IT
E yJ
Whose is this?
I
we
you
he
she
they
—> m y
m in e
o u rs
—> o u r
y o u r —> y o u rs
—> his
—» his
—> h er
hers
—> th e ir —> theirs
It’s mine/yours/hers etc.
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
m y money.
o u r money.
y o u r money.
his money.
h e r money.
th e ir money.
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
m in e .
ours.
yours.
his.
hers.
th eirs.
We use m y /y o u r etc. + a noun (m y h a n d s / y o u r b o o k etc.):
• M y h a n d s are cold.
• Is this y o u r book?
• Ann gave me h e r u m b rella.
• It’s th e ir p ro b le m , not o u r p ro b le m .
We use
•
•
•
•
m in e /y o u rs etc. without a noun:
Is this book m in e or yours? (= my book or your book)
I didn’t have an umbrella, so Ann gave me hers. (= her umbrella)
It’s their problem, not ou rs. (= not our problem)
We went in our car and they went in th eirs. (= their car)
You can use his with or without a noun:
• ‘Is this his c a m e ra or h ers?’
a friend
•
•
•
D
‘It’s his.
o f m in e / a friend o f his / some friends o f y o u rs etc.
I went out to m eet a friend o f m in e , (not ‘a friend o f m e’)
Tom was with a friend o f his. (not ‘a friend o f him ’)
Are those people friends o f yours? (not ‘friends o f you’)
W hose ... ?
• W h o se b o o k is this? ( - Is it your book? his book? my book? etc.)
You can use w h o se with or without a noun:
• W h o se m o n e y is this?
, T,
'
' Its mine.
W h o se is this?
• W hose shoes are these?
They’re John’s.
W h o se are these?
[128|
m y / h is /t h e ir etc.
UNIT 5 9
I /m e /m y /m in e => IUNIT 61
A n n ’s cam era / m y b ro th e r’s car => IUNIT 6 3
U N IT
60
EXERCISES
. 60.1
Finish the sentences with mine/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
' 60.2
It’s your money.It’s y°w|'S;
5 It’s their house. It’s ................
It’s my bag. It’s ....................................................
6T hey’re your books. T hey’re
It’s our car. It’s ....................................................
7T hey’re my glasses. T hey’re ..
They’re her shoes.They’r e ................................
8It’s his coat. It’s ......................
Choose the right word.
1
2
3
4
5
It’s their/-theirs-problem, not e u r/o u rs .
their and ours are right
This is a nice camera. Is it your/yours?
T hat’s not m y/m ine umbrella. M y/M ine is black.
W hose books are these? Your/Yours or m y/m ine?
Catherine is going out with her/hers friends this evening.
6 M y/M ine room is bigger than her/hers.
7 They’ve got two children but I don’t know their/theirs names.
8 Can we use your washing machine? Q u r/Q u rs is broken.
60.3
■N
s 60.4
Finish these sentences. Use friend(s) of mine/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 went to the cinema with a
o f nome.
They w ent on holiday with some •fytencLs o-f-theirs.
She’s going out with a frie n d ..........................................................
We had dinner with some ...............................................................
I played tennis with a .......................................................................
Tom is going to m eet a ....................................................................
Do you know those people? Are th e y ...........................................
Look at the pictures. What are the people saying?
?
U N IT
61
l/m e/m y/m ine
(=> U nit58)
(=> U nit 58)
(=> U nit 59)
(=> U nit 60)
• ‘D o you know that man?’ ‘Yes, I know h im but I can’t rem em ber his n a m e .’
• She was very pleased because w e invited h e r to stay w ith us at o u r house.
• A: W here arc the children? Have you seen them ?
B: Yes, th ey are playing with th e ir frie n d s in the park.
• T hat’s m y p en. Can you give it to m e , please?
• ‘Is this y o u r u m b re lla ? ’ ‘No, it’s y o u rs.’
• H e didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave h im h ers. (= she gave her umbrella to him)
• I ’m m eeting a friend o f m in e this evening, (not ‘a friend o f m e’)
m y se lf/y o u r se lf etc. =>
UNIT
62
G ive m e that b o o k
/ G ive it to m e =>
UNIT
95
U N IT
61
EXERCISES
61.1
Answer the questions in the same way.
Do you know
that woman?
[Do you know
Yes. I kMW Hern but l . c W t remember his
norme.
Yes, I k n o w ................................... but I can’t
rem em ber........................................................
Do you
know those
■y people?
know me?
names.
61.2
Finish these sentences in the same way.
1
2
3
4
5
6
61.3
Complete the sentences in the same way.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
61.4
We invited her
S^Ay
w&
0Mr bouse.
He invited us to stay w ith ............................................. house.
They invited me to stay w ith .................................... .........house.
I invited th e m ..............................................................
She invited u s ..............................................................
D id you invite h im .....................................................
I gave him .. .Ffiy. a d d re s s aund h e gave me h i s .
I gave h e r .......... . address and she gave me ...........................................
He gave m e ...... ... address and I g av e....................................................
We gave th e m ........... address and they g a v e ..........................................
She gave h im ... ......address and .............................................................
You gave u s ....... ...address a n d ................................................................
They gave you ........... address and ..........................................................
Put in him/her/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
W here’s Ann? Have you seen her ?
W here are nay keys? W here did I p u t ..................?
This letter is for Bill. Can you give it t o ..................?
We wrote to John but he didn’t answ er..................letter.
‘1 can’t find my pen. Can I u s e ..................?’ ‘Yes, o f course.’
We’re going to the cinema. W hy don’t you come w ith ..........
Did your sister pass..................exams?
Some people talk a b o u t................. jobs all the time.
Last night 1 w ent out for a meal with a friend o f ..................
1131]
myself/yourself/themselves etc.
H e’s looking at him self.
Help yourself!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I —> m e
he —> h im
she —» h e r
—> m y se lf
—> h im s e lf
h e rs e lf
[ y o u rse lf
you —> you -->
Lyourselves
we —> us
ourselves
they
th e m —» them selves
They’re enjoying them selves.
I looked at m y se lf in the mirror.
H e cut h im s e lf with a knife.
She fell off her bike but she didn’t hurt herself.
Please help yourself, (one person)
Please help yourselves, (two or more people)
We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.
They had a nice time. T h e y enjoyed them selves
Compare:
m e /h im /th e m etc.
m y se lf/h im se lf/th e m se lv e s etc.
h im
|
1— different people
• You never talk to m e.
• I didn’t pay for th e m .
• Did I hurt you?
H e is looking at h im s e lf
J
-the same person
• Sometimes I talk to myself.
• They paid for them selves.
• Be careful. D o n ’t hurt yourself.
by m y se lf / by y o u rse lf etc. = alone:
• I went on holiday by m yself. (= I went alone)
• ‘Was she with friends?’ ‘No, she was by herself.’
e ach o th e r
• Jill and Ann are good friends. They know e a ch o th e r well.
(= Jill knows Ann /A nn knows Jill)
• Paul and I live near each o th e r. (= he lives near me / I live near him)
Compare e a ch o th e r and -selves:
STEVE
• Steve and Sue looked at each other.
(= he looked at her / she looked at him)
• Steve and Sue looked at them selves.
(= he looked at himself / she looked at herself)
U N IT
62
EXERCISES
62>1
Finish the sentences with myself/yourself etc.
1
2
3
4
5
He looked at h .^ s e lf in the mirror.
I’m not angry with you. I’m angry w ith ....................................
Margaret had a nice time in London. She enjoyed....................................
My friends had a nice time in London. They enjoyed....................................
I picked up a very hot plate and b u r n t....................................
6 He never thinks about other people. H e only thinks a b o u t....................................
7 I want to know more about you. Tell me a b o u t..................................... (one person)
8 Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look a fte r................................... ! (two people)
62-2
Write sentences with by myself / by yourself etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I w ent on holiday alone.
W hen I saw him, he was alone.
D on’t go out alone.
1 went to the cinema alone.
My sister lives alone.
Many people live alone.
1 w ent on Holulay by m yself.
W hen 1 saw him, he ...................................................................
D on’t .............................................................................................
1 .....................................................................................................
My sister.......................................................................................
Many p e o p le ...............................................................................
62-3
Write sentences with each other.
62*4
Complete the sentences. Use: each other or ourselves/yourselves/themselves or us/you/them.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Paul and 1 live near
....
W ho ar.e those people? Do you know
.?
You can help Tom and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can h e lp ...................................
There’s food in the kitchen. If you and Chris arehungry, you can h e lp ...................................
We didn’t go to A nn’s party. She didn’t in v ite ....................................
W hen we go on holiday, we always e n jo y ..................................
Mary and Jane were at school together but they never s e e ..................................now.
Diane and I are very good friends. We’ve k n o w n ................................... for a long time.
‘Did you see David and Diane at the party?’ ‘Yes, but I didn’t speak t o ....................................’
Many people talk t o ...................................w hen they’re alone.
[133]
U N IT
63
- ’s (Ann’s camera / my brother’s car etc.)
Ann’s camera
(her camera)
my brother’s car
(his car)
the manager’s office
(his or h e r office)
We normally use - ’s for people:
® I stayed at m y siste r’s house. (not ‘the house o f my sister’)
® Have you m et M r K elly’s wife? (not 'the wife o f M r Kelly’)
® Are you going to J a m e s ’s party?
• Paul is a m a n ’s name. Paula is a w o m a n ’s name.
You can use - ’s w ithout a noun after it:
• M ary’s hair is longer than A n n ’s. (= A nn’s hair)
• ‘W hose umbrella is this?’ 'It’s m y m o th e r ’s.’ (= my m other’s umbrella)
® ‘W here were you last night?’ ‘I was at P a u l’s.’ (= Paul’s house)
B
friend’s and friends’
my friend’s house = one friend
( - his house or h e r house)
my friends’ house = two or morefriends
(= th e ir house)
We write - ’s after
f r ie n d /s tu d e n t/m o th e r etc. (singular):
my m other’s car (one mother)
my father’s car (one father)
We write - ’ after
friends/students/parents etc. (plural):
my parents’ car (two parents)
We use o f ... for things, places etc.:
•
•
•
•
•
•
[1 3 4 ]
Look at the roof o f th a t b u ild in g . (not ‘that building’s ro o f’)
We didn’t see the beginning o f th e film . (not ‘the film’s beginning’)
W hat’s the name o f this village?
D o you know the cause o f th e p ro b le m ?
You can sit in the back o f th e car.
M adrid is the capital o f Spain.
m in e /y o u r s etc. => D uIE lI
w h o se ...? = >
- ’s (he’s / M ary’s etc.]
APPENDIX 4.5
U N IT
63
EXERCISES
s 63.1
Look at the family tree. Write sentences about the people in the family.
1
2
3
4
5
DANIEL
Mary and Brian are married.
They have a son, James, and a
daughter, Julia.
Julia is m arried to Paul.
Julia and Paul have a son, Daniel.
63.2
8
9
10
11
(Julia/sister) .......
(Paul/husband) ...
(Paul/father) ......
(Daniel/nephew)
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
ANDY
1
63.3
(Brian/husband) Br
(Julia/mother) Jutta> is Dan iel’s mother .
(Mary/wife) Mary i s ..........................................wife.
(James/brother) J a m e s ...................................................
(James/uncle) ....................................................uncle.
6 (Julia/wife) J u lia ..........................................................
7 (M ary/grandm other)
ALICE
Whose is this?
Alice’s
And this?
Whose is this?
And these?
DAVID
DIANE
6^
r p j And these?
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
mg s is te r 's House
I stayed at( the house o f my sister.')
OK
W hat is the name of this village?
Do you like the colour o f this coat?
Do you know the phone num ber o f Bill?
The job o f my brother is very interesting.
W rite your name at the top o f the page.
For me the m orning is the best part of the day.
The favourite colour o f Paula is blue.
W hen is the birthday o f your m other?
The house o f my parents isn’t very big.
The walls o f this house are very thin.
The ear stopped at the end o f the street.
Are you going to the party7o f Silvia next week?
The manager o f the hotel is on holiday at the m oment.
[135]
a /a n ...
A C J -U -J J -U $
0
\
It’s a beautiful dav.
B
a ... =
•
•
•
•
one thing or person:
Alice works in a b ank. (not ‘in bank’/
Can I ask a q u estio n ? (not ‘ask question’/
I haven’t got a car.
T here’s a w o m a n at the bus stop.
an (not
•
•
•
‘a’) before a / e / i / o / u :
D o you want a n apple or a banana?
I’m going to buy a hat and an umbrella.
There was an interesting programme on TV last night.
also
but
an h o u r (h is not pronounced: an (h)our)
a univ ersity (pronounced yuniversity)
a E u ro p e a n country (pronounced yitropean)
a n o th e r (= an + oth er) is one word:
• Can I have a n o th e r cup o f tea?
We use a /a n ... when we say what a thing or a person is. For example:
• T he sun is a star.
• Football is a g am e.
• Dallas is a city in Texas.
• A mouse is an a n im a l. It’s a sm all a n im a l.
/-"7T
m ,
.
/ lm « t
• Joe is a very n ice p erso n .
^a ^ s t
We use a /a n ... for jobs etc.:
• A: W hat’s your job?
B: I’m a d en tist, (not ‘I’m dentist.’)
• ‘W hat does Mark do?’ ‘H e’s a n e n g in e e r.’
• Would you like to be a teacher?
• Beethoven was a c o m p o se r.
• Picasso was a fam o u s p a in te r.
• Are you a stu d en t?
[136]
a car / so m e m o n e y (countable/uncountable);
u nits
66-67
a and the
U N IT
64
EXERCISES
64.1
Write a or an.
1 .QQ.
2
3
64.2
6
7
.......... airport
.......... new airport
.......... organisation
8
9
...........university
.......... hour
.......... economic problem
What are these things? Choose from the list.
tTTiCt
flower
1
2
3
4
5
64.3
4
5
old book
window
horse
fruit
game
A duck is
A carrot i s
Tennis i s
A hammer is
Everest i s
m ountain
planet
river
tool
musical instrument
vegetable
6 Jupiter i s ...........
7 A pear i s ............
8 T he Amazon is
9 A rose i s ............
10 A trum pet i s .....
.
What are their jobs? Choose from the list and finish the sentences.
d entist
electrician
nurse p h o to g rap h er private detective
She’s a- d e n tist.
2 H e ’s ...................................................................
3
S h e .................................................................
4
.....................................................................
1
shop assistant
taxi driver
5
6.............................
7.............................
8 And you? I’m
64.4 Make sentences. Choose from Box A and Box B. Use a/an where necessary.
I want to ask you
Tom never wears
I can’t ride
My brother is
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Barbara works in
Ann wants to learn
Jim lives in
This evening I’m going to
B
old house
party
bookshop
hat
artist
question
foreign language
bicycle
! want to ask you a question.
........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
.....................................................
..........................................................
1137|
U N IT
65
flower(s)
bus(es) (singular and plural)
The plural o f a noun is usually -s:
singular (= one)
plural (= two or more)
a flower
a week —>
a nice place —>
this shop —>
so m e flowers
tw o weeks
m a n y nice places
these shops
s o m e flowers
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
-s / -sh / -c h / -x
—> -es
also
-y
but -ay / -ey / -oy
potato —> potatoes
—> -ies
baby —> babies
party —> parties
->
-ys
day —> days
-ves
shelf —> shelves
- f / -fe
®
bus —» buses
dish —> dishes
church —> churches
box —> boxes
tomato —> tomatoes
dictionary —> dictionaries
m onkey —> m onkeys
knife —> knives
boy —> boys
wife —> wives
These things are plural in English:
^
scissors
\S
glasses
3\
tro u se rs
® Do you wear glasses?
* W here are the scissors? I need th em .
You can also say a p a ir o f scissors / a p a ir o f tro u se rs / a p a ir o f p y jam as etc.:
® 1 need a new p a ir o f jea n s, or 1 need so m e new je a n s. (not ‘a new jeans ’)
^
Some plurals do not end in -s:
this m a n —> these m e n
a w o m a n —> some w o m e n
a ch ild —> many c h ild ren
one fo o t —> two feet
a to o th
all my tee th
a m o u se —> some m ic e
that sh eep —» those sheep
a fish —> a lot o ffish
also: a p e rs o n —> tw o p e o p le / so m e p e o p le / a lo t o f p e o p le etc.
but
® She s a nice p e rso n .
* T h e y are nice p eo p le, (not ‘nice persons’)
P eo p le is plural (= they), so we say p e o p le are / p e o p le have etc.:
® A lo t o f p e o p le sp eak English, (not ‘speaks’)
® I like th e p e o p le here. T h e y are very friendly.
P o lice is plural:
* ‘T h e p o lic e are here.’
[138]
‘Why? W hat d o th ey want?’
U N IT
EXERCISES
65.1
Write the plural.
1
?
3
4
65.2
65
flower flow er? ...................
boat
woman
................... ...
c i^
........................ ...
5
umbrella
6 address
7 knife
8 sandwich
............... ............
............... ............
............... ............
............... .........................
family ...
foot
holiday ...
potato ...
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1 There arc a lot o f ..?.!?.®®P.... in the field.
2 George is cleaning h is ..............................
3 There are th re e ......................... at the bus stop.
65.3
9
10
11
12
4 Jill has got tw o ..............................
5 There are a lot o f ........................ in the river.
6 T h e ........................are falling from the tree.
Some of these sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
I’m going to buy some flowers. PK-...
1 needfa new jeans.) ..I
., ° ' f . ■.... OR
It’s a lovely park with a lot o f beautiful tree....................
There was a woman in the car with two mens..............
Sheep eat grass.....................................................................
David is married and has three c hiIds..............................
Most o f my friend are student...........................................
He put on his pyjama and went to bed............................
We went fishing but we didn’t catch many fish.............
Do you know many persons in this town? ...................
1 like your trouser. W here did you get it? .....................
The town centre is usually full o f tourist.........................
I don’t like mice. I’m afraid o f them.................................
This scissor isn’t very sharp................................................
1 need some new je«cns.
Which is right? Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
It’s a nice place. Many people 9°...there for a holiday.
Some p e o p le ...................... always late.
T he president is not popular. T he p e o p le ...................... . like him.
A lot o f p e o p le ...................... television every day.
Three p e o p le ...................... injured in the accident.
H ow many p e o p le ...................... in that house?
...................... the police carry guns in your country?
The p o lic e ...................... looking for the stolen car.
1 need my glasses but I can’t f in d ........................
I’m going to b u y ...................... new jeans today
(go or goes?)
(is or are?)
(d o n ’t or d o e s n ’t?)
(w atch or w atches?)
(was or were?)
(live or lives?)
(D o or Does?)
(is or are?)
(it or them ?)
(a or som e?)
1139]
a c a r / s o m e money
(countable/uncountable 1)
A noun can be countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns
For example: (a) c a r
(a) m a n
(a) key
(a) h o u se
(a) flow er
(an) id ea
(an) a c c id e n t
You can use o n e /tw o /th r e e (etc.) + countable nouns (you can count them):
Cl
one c a r
two cars
three m e n
four houses
Countable nouns can be singular (= one) or plural (= two or more):
singular:
plural:
a car
cars
m y car
tw o cars
th e c a r etc.
th e cars
s o m e cars
m a n y cars etc.
* I’ve got a car.
* There aren’t m a n y cars in the car park.
* N ew cars are very expensive.
You cannot use the singular (c a r/h o u s e /k e y etc.) alone. You need a /a n (=> U nit 64):
* We can’t get in w ithout a key. (not ‘w ithout key’)
B
Uncountable nouns
For example: w a te r
w a te r
a ir
ric e
salt
salt
p lastic
m oney
m oney
m u sic
m u sic
You cannot say o n e /tw o /th r e e (etc.) + these things: o n e w a te r
tw o m usics
Uncountable nouns have only one form:
m oney
the m o n e y
my m o n e y
much m o n e y etc.
some m o n e y
• I’ve got so m e m oney.
• There isn’t m u c h m o n e y in the box.
• M o n ey isn’t everything.
You cannot use a /a n + uncountable nouns: /a m o n e y
)t(m u sic
But you can say a p iec e o f ... / a glass o f ... etc. + uncountable noun:
a glass o f water
a c a n o f oil
a b a r o f chocolate
a p iece o f cheese
a b o ttle o f milk
a p iec e o f music
a bow l o f rice
a c u p o f coffee
a g a m e o f tennis
[1 4 0 ]
ten n is
a /a n =>
UNIT
64
countable/uncountable 2
=>
UNIT 67
U N IT
gg
EXERCISES
66.1
What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write a/an if necessary.
The names of these things are:
bucket
eS 8
66.2
m ilk
m oney
salt
sa n d
spoon
to o th b ru s h
to o th p a s te
w allet
Some of these sentences are right, but some of them need a/an. Put in a/an where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
66.3
envelope
J US
I haven’t got [watchT;................. ...
D o you like cheese?
.............
Ann never wears hat.....................................
Are you looking for job? ...........................
Mary doesn’t eat m eat..................................
Mary eats apple every day. .........................
I’m going to party tonight...........................
Music is wonderful thing.............................
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Jamaica is island.................................
I don’t need key. ...............................
Everybody needs food.....................
I’ve got good idea.............................
Can you drive car? .........................
Do you want cup o f coffee?...........
I don’t like coffee w ithout m ilk......
D o n ’t go out w ithout umbrella......
What are the things in the pictures? Write a ... of ...fo r each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
bar
bottle
bowl
cup
glass
jar
1 .&..bpfche.p£ milk...
2... ............................................
3... ............................................
loaf
piece
piece
4
5
6
bread
chocolate
honey
milk
paper
soup
tea
water
wood
7
8
9
[1 4 1 ]
U N IT
67
a c a r/s o m e money
(countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and so m e
a /a n + singular countable noun (c a r/a p p le /s h o e etc.):
• I need a new car.
• Would you like an apple?
so m e + plural countable nouns (cars/apples/shoes etc.):
• I need so m e new shoes.
• W ould you like s o m e apples?
so m e
•
•
•
+ uncountable nouns ( w a te r/m o n e y /m u s ic etc.):
1 need so m e m o n ey .
Would you like s o m e cheese?
(or W ould you like a p iec e o f cheese?)
so m e cheese or
a p iec e o f cheese
Com pare a and som e:
• Linda bought a hat, so m e shoes and so m e p e rfu m e .
• I read a n e w sp a p e r, wrote so m e le tte rs and listened to so m e m u sic.
B
Many nouns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable. For example:
Compare a p a p e r (= a newspaper) and s o m e pap er:
• I want something to read. I’m going to buy a p a p e r.
but • I want to make a list. I need s o m e p a p e r / a p iec e o f p a p e r. (not ‘a paper’)
Be careful w ith these nouns —they are usually uncountable:
in fo rm a tio n
ad v ice
w e a th e r
new s
b re a d
h a ir
fu rn itu re
• I need s o m e in fo rm a tio n about hotels in London, (not ‘informations’)
It’s nice w e a th e r today, (not ‘a nice weather’)
Listen! I’ve just had so m e good new s, (not ‘a good news’)
I’m going to buy so m e b rea d , (not ‘a bread’)
• Sue has got very long hair, (not ‘hairs’)
• They’ve got s o m e very nice fu rn itu re in their house, (not ‘furnitures’)
• ‘D o you like your job?’ ‘Yes, but it’s hard w ork.’ (not ‘a hard w ork’)
We say a j o b (but not ‘a w ork’):
• I’ve got a new jo b . (not ‘a new w ork’)
[142|
countable/uncountable 1
so m e and any
w ork
U N IT
67
EXERCISES
67.1
What did you buy? Use the pictures to make sentences (I bought ...).
1
I bought some per-fume^ OL h<& &n(L sow& shoes.
2 I b o u g h t................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................
4 ..............................................................................................................
67.2
Write sentences with Would you like a ... ? or Would you like so m e ... ?
\
W o u U t y o u Uk e so m e d g e e s e ?
2 Would you lik e ........................................... ?
3 Would .......................................................... ?
?
?
6
Putin a/an or some.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
67.4
..............................................................................................?
5
I read ,®r.. book and listened to
music.
I need
money. I want to b u y
food.
Wc m e t
interesting people at the party.
I’m going to o p e n
w indow to g e t
fresh air.
She didn’t eat much for lunch —o n ly
apple a n d
bread.
We live i n
big house. T here’s n ice garden w ith
beautiful trees.
I’m going to make a table. First I n e e d
wood.
Listen to me carefully. I’m going to give y o u
advice.
I want to write a letter. I n e e d .......... paper a n d ............. pen.
.
67.3
4
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
I’m going to buy some new shoe/shoes.
shoes is right
Martin has got brown eye/eyes.
Paula has got short black hair/hairs.
The tourist guide gave us some inform ation/inform ations about the town.
W e’re going to buy some new chair/chairs.
6 W e’re going to buy some new furniture/furnitures.
7 It’s difficult to get a w ork/job at the m oment.
8 Wc had lovely weather / a lovely weather when we were on holiday.
14 3 J
a/an and the
th e
a /a n
Can you open
th e window?
There is only one window here —th e
window.
There are three windows here,
a window = w indow 1 or 2 or 3
• I’m going to clean th e c a r tomorrow.
(= my car)
• I’ve got a car.
(there are many airs and I ’ve got one)
• Can I ask a q u estio n ?
(there are many questions —can I ask one?)
• Can you repeat th e q u e stio n , please?
(= the question that you asked)
• Is there a h o te l near here? (there are
many hotels —is there one near here?)
• We enjoyed our holiday. T h e h o te l was
very nice. (= our hotel)
• Paris is an in te re s tin g city, (there are
• Paris is th e cap ital o f F rance.
(there is only one capital o f France)
many interesting cities and Paris is one)
• Lisa is th e y o u n g e st s tu d e n t in her class.
• Lisa is a stu d e n t.
(there are many students and Lisa is one)
(there is only one youngest student in her class)
Com pare a and the:
• I bought a ja c k e t and a sh irt. T h e ja c k e t was cheap but th e s h irt was expensive.
(= th e jacket and th e shirt th a t I b o u g h t)
B
We say th e ... w hen it is clear which thing or person we mean. For example:
th e d o o r / the ceilin g / th e flo o r / th e c a rp e t / the lig h t etc. (of a room)
the r o o f / th e g a rd e n / th e k itc h e n / th e b a th r o o m etc. (of a house)
th e c e n tre / th e s ta tio n / th e a ir p o r t / th e to w n hall etc. (of a town)
• ‘W here’s Tom?’ ‘In th e k itc h e n .’
(= the kitchen in this house or flat)
• Turn off th e lig h t and close th e d o o r.
(= the light and the door o f the room)
• Do you live far from th e centre?
(= the centre o f your town)
• I’d like to speak to th e m a n a g e r, please.
(= the manager o f this shop etc.)
[1 4 4 ]
the :
units
69-72
U N IT
EXERCISES
68*^
Putin a/an or the.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
88-2
68
We enjoyed our holiday. T b e .. hotel was very nice.
‘Can I ask W question?’ ‘O f course. W hat do you want to ask?’
You look very tired. You n e e d
holiday.
‘W here’s Tom?’ ‘H e’s in
bathroom.’
jane is
interesting person. You must m eet her.
A: Excuse me, can you tell rne how to get t o
city centre?
B: Yes, go straight on and then ta k e
next turning left.
A: Shall we go out f o r
meal this evening?
B: Yes, that’s
good idea.
It’s
nice m orning. Let’s go f o r
walk.
Amanda i s ..........student. W hen she finishes her studies, she wants to b e
journalist.
She lives with two friends i n
flat n e a r
college where she is studying............... flat
is small but she likes it.
Peter and Mary have got two children,
boy a n d
girl
boy is seven years
old a n d
girl is three. Peter works i n
factory. Mary hasn’t g o t
job at the
moment.
Complete the sentences. Use a or the + one of these words:
a ir p o r t
cup
do e r
flo o r
p ic tu re
ra d io
put jn a/an or the where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D on’t forget to /Turn off light)when you go out.
o f f fy & M s h i
Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me postcard................................................................
W hat is name o f this village?
..............................................................
Canada is very big country.
..............................................................
W hat is largest city in Canada?............................................... ..............................................................
1 like this room but I don’t like colour o f carpet.
..............................................................
‘Are you OK ?’ ‘No, I’ve got headache.’
..............................................................
We live in old house near station.
..............................................................
W hat is name o f director o f film we saw last night?
..............................................................
1145|
U N IT
M
We use th e w hen it is clear which thing or person we mean:
• W hat is th e n a m e of this street? (this street has only one name)
• W ho is th e b est player in your team?
• Can you tell me th e tim e , please? (= the time now)
• M y office is on th e first floor. (= the first floor o f the building)
D o n ’t forget the:
• Do you live near th e city cen tre? (not ‘near city centre’)
• Excuse me, w here is th e n e a re st bank? (not ‘where is nearest . . . ’)
B
th e sam e ...
• We live in th e sam e street, (not ‘in same street’)
• ‘Are these two books different?’ ‘No, they’re th e sam e.’ (not ‘they’re same’)
C
We say:
th e su n / th e m o o n / th e w o rld / th e sky / th e sea / th e c o u n try :
• T h e sky is blue and th e su n is shining.
• D o you live in a town or in th e c o u n try ?
th e p o lice / th e fire b rig a d e / th e a rm y (of a city, country etc.):
• M y brother is a soldier. H e’s in th e a rm y .
th e to p / th e e n d / th e m id d le / th e left etc.:
• W rite your name at th e to p o f the page.
• My house is at th e e n d o f this street.
• The table is in th e m id d le o f the room.
• D o you drive on th e r ig h t or on th e left in your country?
< 5= 2
the top
the right
the left
the botto m
(play) th e p ia n o / th e g u ita r / th e tr u m p e t etc. (musical instruments):
• Paula is learning to play th e p ian o .
th e radio:
• I listen to th e ra d io a lot.
D
We do not use th e with:
television:
• I watch telev isio n a lot.
• W hat’s on telev isio n tonight?
but • Can you turn off th e television? (= the TV set)
b rea k fa st / lu n c h / d in n er:
• W hat did you have for breakfast? (not ‘the breakfast’)
• D in n e r is ready!
n e x t / last + w e e k /m o n th /y e a r/s u m m e r/M o n d a y etc.:
• I’m not working n e x t w eek, (not ‘the next w eek’)
• Did you have a holiday last su m m e r? (not ‘the last summ er’)
[146|
a /a n and the =S
the :
units 7 0 - 7 2
the o ld est / the m o st ex p en siv e etc.
X "
X
>
<
U N IT
69
EXERCISES
69.1
Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is already correct.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
69.2
Complete the sentences. Use:
1
2
3
4
5
69.3
W hat is (nam e) o f this street?
W hat’s on television tonight? ..QK............
O u r apartment is on second floor.................................................................................
Would you like to go to moon? ..................................................................................
W hich is best hotel in this town? ...............................................................................
W hat time is lunch? ......................................................................................................
How far is it to city centre? .........................................................................................
We’re going away at end o f May. ................................................................................
W hat are you doing next weekend? ..........................................................................
I didn’t like her first time I m et her. ...........................................................................
I’m going out after dinner..............................................................................................
W hat’s biggest city in world? ......................................................................................
My sister got married last month..................................................................................
Mv dictionary is on top shelf on right.........................................................................
We live in country about five miles from nearest village..........................................
the same
+
age
colour
problem
street
time.
I live in North Street and you live in N orth Street. We live in
I arrived at 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30. We arrived a t ............................................
Jim is 25 and Sue is 25. Jim and Sue a r e .......................................................................
My shirt is dark blue and so is my jacket. My shirt and jacket a r e ............................
I’ve got no money and you’ve got no money. We’ve got ..........................................
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.
1
. is shining.
2 She’s playing.................................................
3 They’re having..............................................
4 H e’s listening to..........
5 T hey’re w atch in g ......
6 They’re swimming in
Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
cap ital
d in n e r
p o lic e
lu n c h
m id d le
nam e
sky
television
1
2
3
4
5
We had
at a restaurant last night.
We stayed at a very nice hotel but 1 don’t rem em b er................................................
...............................................is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.
Did you see the film o n ............................................... last night?
Somebody was trying to break into the shop so I called................................................
6 Tokyo i s ............................................... ofjapan.
7 ‘W hat did you have f o r
?’ ‘A salad.’
8 1 w'oke up i n
o f the night.
[1 4 7 ]
go to work
go home
go to the cinema
H e ’s in bed.
T hey’re going to school.
She’s a t w ork.
We say:
(go) to w o rk , (be) a t w o rk , start w ork, finish w ork:
• Goodbye! I’m g o in g to w o rk now. (not ‘to the w ork’)
• I finish w o rk at 5 o ’clock every day.
(go) to school, (be) a t sch o o l, start school, leave sc h o o l etc.:
• W hat did you learn a t sc h o o l today? (not ‘at the school’)
• Some children don’t like school.
(go) to u n iv ersity /c o lle g e , (be) a t u n iv ersity /co lleg e:
• Helen wants to go to u n iv ersity when she leaves school.
• W hat did you study a t college?
(go) to h ospital, (be) in hospital:
• Jack was in an accident. He had to go to h ospital.
(go) to p riso n , (be) in p riso n :
• W hy is he in priso n ? W hat did he do?
(go) to c h u rc h , (be) i n /a t chu rch :
• David usually goes to c h u rc h on Sundays.
(go) to b ed, (be) in bed:
• I’m tired. I’m g o in g to b ed. (not ‘to the bed’)
• ‘W here’sjill?’ ‘She’s in b ed .’
(go) h o m e , (be) a t h o m e etc.:
• I’m tired. I’m g o in g h o m e , (not ‘to hom e’)
• Are you going out tonight or are you sta y in g a t h o m e?
B
Wc say:
(go to) th e c in e m a / th e th e a tre / th e b a n k / th e p o s t office:
• I never go to th e th e a tre but I often go to th e c in e m a.
• ‘Are you going to th e b an k ?’ ‘N o, th e p o s t office.’
(go to) th e d o c to r, th e dentist:
• You’re not well. W hy don’t you go to th e d o cto r?
• I’m going to th e d e n tis t tomorrow.
also th e s ta tio n / th e a ir p o r t / th e city c e n tre ( => U nit 68)
th e =>
i n / a t =>
t o / i n / a t =}
(at) h o m e
Li]
in
UNI T
EXERCISES
70.1
lit
Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1 H e’s in hefL
2 They’re a t .........................
70.2
3 She’s in
4 She’sa t
5 They’re at
6 H e’s in
Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
bank
bed
c h u rc h
hom e
p o s t office
sch o o l
sta tio n
1 I need some money. I must go to
.
2 David usually goes to c^1’4rc^1 on Sundays.
3 In Britain, children go t o ............................................... from the age o f five.
4 There were a lot o f people a t ............................................... waiting for the train.
5 I phoned you last night but youweren’t a t .................................................
6 I’m going t o ............................................ now. Goodnight!
7 I’m going t o ............................................ to get some stamps.
70.3
Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1
2
3
4
5
If you want to catch a plane, you ..9
?
•
.
If you want to see a film, you go t o .........................................................................
If you are tired and you want to sleep, you ............................................................
If you rob a bank and the police catch you, y o u ...................................................
If you have a problem w ith your teeth, y o u ..........................................................
6 If you want to study after you leave school, y o u ...................................................
7 If you are injured in an accident, you .....................................................................
70.4
Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is complete.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
We w ent ftp cinem a)last night.
^ 1eI finish work at 5 o ’clock every day. QK-......................
Mary wasn’t feeling well yesterday, so she went to doctor..................................
I wasn’t feeling well this m orning, so I stayed in bed...........................................
W hy is Angela always late for work? ....................................................................
‘W here are the children?’ ‘T hey’re at school.’ .................................................
W e’ve got no money in bank...................................................................................
W hen I was younger, I went to church every Sunday. .....................................
W hat time do you usually get hom e from work? ..............................................
D o you live far from city centre? ..........................................................................
‘W here shall we m eet?’ ‘At station.’ ..................................................................
Jim is ill. H e’s in hospital...........................................................................................
Margaret takes her children to school every day. ................................................
Would you like to go to university? ......................................................................
Would you like to go to theatre this evening? ....................................................
[1 4 9 ]
U N IT
71
I like music
I hate exams
I like, music.
(j »
M Tr
II1
D o not use th e for general ideas:
• I like m u sic, especially classical m usic.
(not ‘the music ... the classical music’)
• We don’t eat m e a t very often. (not ‘the m eat’)
• Life is not possible w ithout w ater, (m l ‘The life ... the water’)
• I hate exam s, (not ‘the exams’)
• Do you know a shop that sells fo re ig n new spapers?
• I’m not very good at w riting letters.
D o not use th e for games and sports:
• My favourite sports are te n n is and skiing, (not ‘the tennis ... the skiing’)
D o not use th e for languages or academic subjects (h is to ry /g e o g ra p h y /p h y s ic s/b io lo g y etc.):
• D o you think E n g lish is difficult? (not ‘the English’)
• Tom’s brother is studying physics and c h e m istry .
B
flow ers or th e flowers?
Compare:
• Flow ers are beautiful.
(= flowers in general)
• This is a lovely garden.
T h e flow ers are beautiful.
(= the flowers in this
garden)
[150]
• I don’t like co ld w eath er.
(— cold weather in general)
• T h e w e a th e r isn’t very
good today.
(= the weather today)
• We don’t cat fish very often.
(= fish in general)
• We had a very nice meal
last night. T h e fish was
very good.
v .
(= the fish we ate last night) v
• Are you interested in
history?
(= history in general)
• Are you interested in th e
h isto ry o f your country?
the =>
units 6 8 - 7 0 , 7 2
U N IT
71
EXERCISES
71.1
What do you think about these things?
dogs
museums
big cities
tea
m otor racing
basketball
T V quiz shows
com puter games
exams
loud music
parties
hard work
Choose seven of these things and write sentences beginning:
I like ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
71.2
I d o n ’t like ...
I love ...
i h a te ...
I d o n ’t m in d ... (= it’s OK)
I h o ie exam s.
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...................... .........................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with:
I’m (very) interested in ...
I’m not interested in ...
I know a lot a b o u t...
I know a little about ...
I don’t know much a b o u t...
I don’t know anything about ...
1 (history) I’m very interested, in History.
2 (politics) 1 .....................................................................................................................................
3 (sport) .............................................................................................................................................
4 (art) ..................................................................................................................................................
5 (astronomy) ...................................................................................................................................
6 (economics) ...................................................................................................................................
71.3
Which is right?
1 My favourite sport is tennis /-the tennis.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
tennis is right
1 like this hotel. dTooins-/ The rooms are very nice.
The rooms is right
Everybody needs friends / the friends.
Jane doesn’t go to parties / the parties very' often.
I went shopping this m orning. Shops / The shopswere very
busy.
‘W here’s milk / the milk?’ ‘It’s in the fridge.’
I don’t like milk / the m ilk. I never drink it.
‘Do you do any sports?’ ‘Yes, I play football / the football.’
These days a lot o f people use computers / the com puters.
We went for a swim in the river. Water / T he water was very cold.
I don’t like swimming in cold water / the cold water.
Excuse me, can you pass salt / the salt, please?
I like this town. I like people / the people here.
Vegetables / T he vegetables are good for you.
‘W here are children / the children?’ ‘They re in the garden.’
I can’t sing this song. I don’t know words / the words.
I enjoy taking photographs / the photographs. It’s my hobby.
1 must show you photographs / the photographs that I took when I was on holiday.
English / The English is used a lot in international business / the international business.
M oney / T he m oney doesn’t always bring happiness / the happiness.
|151]
U N IT
72
the ... (names of places)
Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns etc.)
In general we do not use th e + names o f places:
• F ra n ce is a very large country. (not ‘the France’)
TJ 4 P * C a iro is the caj>ital o f E gypt.
• C o rsica is an island in the M editerranean.
• P eru is in S o u th A m e ric a .
But we use th e in names with ‘republic7‘states7‘kingdom ’:
th e R e p u b lic o f Ireland (or th e Irish R ep u b lic)
th e United S tates of America (the USA)
th e U nited K in g d o m (the UK)
th e -s (plural names)
We use th e + plural names o f countries/islands/mountains:
THE
th e Netherlands
th e Canary Islands
th e Philippines
th e Andes
Seas, rivers etc.
We use th e + names o f oceans/seas/rivers/canals:
th e Atlantic (Ocean)
th e M editerranean (Sea)
the (River) Nile
th e Suez Canal
D
th e Amazon
th e Black Sea
Places in towns (streets, buildings etc.)
In general we do not use th e + names o f streets, squares etc.:
• Kevin lives in N e w to n S treet.
• W here is H ig h lie ld R o a d , please?
• T im e s S q u are is in N ew York.
We do not use th e + name o f place (or person) + airport/station/university/castle etc.:
K en n ed y A ir p o r t
V ic to ria S ta tio n
C a m b rid g e U niversity
W e stm in ste r A b b ey
E d in b u rg h C astle
London Zoo
But usually we use th e + names o f hotels, restaurants, pubs, cinemas, theatres, museums:
th e H ilton (Hotel)
th e Star o f India (restaurant)
THE
th e Science M useum
th e O deon (cinema)
th e National Theatre
th e Tate Gallery (art gallery)
th e ... o f .
We use th e + names with ... o f ... :
th e Republic o f Ireland
th e Great Wall o f China
th e Bank o f England
th e Tower o f London
We say: th e n o r th / th e s o u th / th e e a st / th e w est / th e m id d le (o f...):
• I’ve been to th e n o r th o f Italy but not to th e so u th .
[I52|
th e =>
u n it s
68-71
U N IT
72
EXERCISES
These are geography questions. Choose your answer from the box. Sometimes you need The.
1 ..CM®..................................is the capital o f Egypt.
2 .
.................... is betw een Africa and America.
3 ............................................. is a country in northern Europe.
4 ............................................. is a river in South America.
5 ............................................. is the largest continent in the world.
6................................................is the largest ocean.
7... .............................................is a river in Europe.
8... .............................................is a country in East Africa.
9... .............................................is between Canada and Mexico.
I () ............................................. are mountains in South America.
II ............................................. is the capital ofjapan.
12 ............................................. are m ountains in central Europe.
13 ............................................. is between Saudi Arabia and Africa.
14 ............................................. is an island in the M editerranean.
15 ............................................. are a group o f islands near Florida.
Put in the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write
Alps
Amazon
Andes
Asia
Atlantic
Bahamas
Cairo
Kenya
Malta
Pacific
R ed Sea
R hine
Sweden
Tokyo
U nited States
OK.
....
1 Kevin lives in N ew ton Street.
2 We went to see a p lav Cat National Theatre).
Na&pvyd- THcaire3 Have you ever been to China? .......................................................................
4 Have you ever been to Philippines? ...............................................................
5 Have you ever been to south o f France? .......................................................
6 Can you tell me where Regal Cinema is? ....................................................
7 Can you tell me where M errion Street is? ....................................................
8 Can you tell me where M useum o f M odern Art is? ..................................
9 Europe is bigger than Australia.........................................................................
10 Belgium is smaller than Netherlands...............................................................
11 W hich river is longer - Mississippi or N ile ? .................................................
12 Did you go to National Gallery w hen you were in London? ...................
13 ‘W here did you stay?’ ‘At Park H otel in Hudson Road.’ .......................
14 How far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria Station (in London )? ........
15 R ocky M ountains are in N orth America.......................................................
16 Texas is famous for oil and cowboys................................................................
17 Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pacific O cean...............................
18 I hope to go to U nited States next year...........................................................
19 Mary comes from a small town in west o f Ireland.........................................
20 Alan studied physics at M anchester University. ...........................................
[153|
U N IT
73
this/that/these/those
A
th o se (plural)
I)o you like
th a t picture
this picture
(= this picture
this
these
We use
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
these flowers
(= these flowers here)
W ho are those
people?
th a t
th o se
th o se people
(= those people there)
th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e with a noun (this p ic tu re / th a t girl etc.) or without a noun:
T h is h o te l is expensive but it’s very nice.
W ho’s th a t girl?’ ‘1 don’t know.’
with a noun
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
T h o se apples look nice. Can I have one?
T h is is a nice hotel but it’s very expensive.
‘Excuse me, is this your bag?’ ‘O h yes, thank you.’
W h o ’s that? (= W ho is that person?)
W hich shoes do you like most? T h e se or those?
unthout a noun
th a t = something that has happened:
• ‘I’m sorry I forgot to phone you.’ ‘T h a t’s all right.’
• T h a t was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
DAVID
th a t = what somebody has ju s t said:
• ‘You’re a teacher, aren’t you?’ ‘Yes, th a t’s right.’
• ‘M artin has got a new job.’ ‘Has he? I didn’t know th at.’
• ‘I’m going on holiday next week.’ ‘O h, t h a t’s nice.’
We use this is ... and is th a t
• Hello, this is David.
• Is th a t Sarah?
Heflo, Sarah
T h is is D avid. J
. ? on the telephone:
(this = the speaker)
(th at = the other person)
We use this is ... to introduce people:
• A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris - pleased to meet you.
C: Hello.
LINDA
|154]
this o n e / that o n e =>
BRIAN
CHRIS
U N IT
EXERCISES
73.1
73
Complete the sentences. Use this/that/these/those + these words:
bird s
h o u se
plates
p o stc a rd s
scat
shoes
73.2
Write questions: Is this/that yo u r ... ? or Are these/those y o u r... ?
73.3
Complete the sentences with this is or that’s or that.
1 A: I’m sorry I’m late.
B:
5 all right.
2 A: I can’t come to the party tomorrow.
B: O h ,
a pity. W hy not?
3 (on the telephone)
Sue: Hello, A nn................................ Sue.
Ann: O h, hello, Sue. How are you?
4 A: You’re lazy.
B: .............................not true!
5 A: Jill plays the piano very well.
B: Really? I didn’t k n o w ..............................
6 M ark meets Paul’s sister (Ann):
Paul: M a rk ,........................ my sister, Ann.
Mark: Hello, Ann.
7 A: I’m sorry 1 was angry yesterday.
B: .............................OK. Forget it!
8 A: You’re a friend o fjo h n ’s, aren’t you?
B: Yes,............................. right.
1155|
U N IT
74
one/ones
o n e (= a
Would you like o n e
= Would you like a dh<
o n e = a /a n ... (a chocolate / an apple etc.)
• 1 need a pen. Have you got one? (one = a pen)
• A: Is there a b a n k near here?
B: Yes, there’s o n e at the end o f this street, (one = a bank)
6
on e and ones
o n es (plural)
o n e (singular)
W hich ones? = W hich flow ers?
o n e s - flow crs/cars/girls etc,
o n e ~ h a t/c a r /g ir i etc.
[1 5 6 ]
this o n e / th a t o n e
• W hich c a r is yours? T h is o n e or
th a t one? (= this car or that car)
th e s e /th o s e (usually without ‘ones’):
• W hich flowers do you want? T h e se or
those? (not usually ‘these ones/those ones’)
th e o n e ...
• A: W hich h o te l did you stay at?
B: T h e o n e opposite the station.
th e ones ...
• A: W hich keys are yours?
B: T h e o nes on the table.
th e ... o n e
• I don’t like the black c o a t but 1 like th e
b ro w n one.
• D on’t buy that c a m e ra . Buy th e o th e r
one.
th e ... ones
• 1 don’t like the red shoes but I like the
g re e n ones.
• D on’t buy those apples. Buy th e o th e r
ones.
a /a n ... o n e
• This c u p is dirty. Can I have a clean
one?
• That biscuit was nice. I’m going to have
a n o th e r one.
so m e ... ones
• These cu p s are dirty. Can we have so m e
c lean ones?
• My shoes are very old. I’m going to buy
so m e n e w ones.
w h ich
UNIT 4 6
a n o t h e r => UNIT 6 4
t h is / t h a t
etc. =>
UNIT 7 3
U N IT
74
EXERCISES
74.1
A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B’s answers. Use one (not ‘a/an ...’) in
the answers.
B doesn’t need a car
there’s a chemist in Mill Road
B hasn’t got a pen
1
2
3
4
5
6
74.2
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
B has just had a cup o f coffee
B is going to buy a bicycle
B hasn’t got an umbrella
BB:
B:
B:
B:
B:
Can you lend me a pen?
Would you like to have a car?
Have you got a bicycle?
Can you lend me an umbrella?
Would you like a cup o f coffee?
Is there a chemist near here?
I’m sorry 1 haven’t got one.
No. I don’t ................................................................
No, b u t...................................................................
I’m sorry but .............................................................
N o, thank you............................................................
Yes, .............................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use a/an ... one. Use the words in the list,
b e tte r
b ig
etetrn
d iffe re n t
new
old
1
2
3
4
5
This cup is dirty. Can 1 have
?
I’m going to sell my car and buy ..............................................................
T hat’s not a very good photograph but this i s ........................................
I want today’s newspaper. This is ..............................................................
This box is too small. I n e e d ......................................................................
6 Why do we always go to the same restaurant? Let’s go to ....................
74.3
Use the information in the box to complete these conversations. Use one/ones.
the coat is black
the girl is tall with long hair
the hotel is opposke-tTe-st-arion
the house has got a red door
the flowers are yellow
I took the photographs on the beach last week
tire shoes are green
the pictures are on the wall
the books are on the top shelf
the man has got a moustache and glasses
6 A: Are those your books?
B:
A:
I A: We stayed at a hotel.
B: Which one ?
A: The one opposite th e sta tio n .
2 A: Those shoes are nice.
B:
A:
?
7 A: D o you know that girl?
B:
A:
3 A: T hat’s a nice house.
B:
A: ........................... w ith ......................
?
8 A: Those flowers are beautiful.
B:
A:
4 A: I like that coat.
B:
A
?
9 A: W h o ’s that man?
B:
A:
5 A: I like those pictures.
B:
?
10 A: Have you seen my photographs?
B:
?
P
U N IT
75
A
some and any
any
so m e
I’ve got some'
money.
Use so m e in positive sentences:
• I’m going to buy so m e clothes.
• T here’s so m e ice in the fridge.
• We did so m e exercises.
B
i Haven't got
any money.
Use any in negative sentences:
• I’m n o t going to buy any clothes.
• There isn’t any orange juice in the fridge.
• We didn’t do any exercises.
any and so m e in questions
In most questions (but not all) we use any:
• Is there any ice in the fridge?
• Has he got any friends?
• D o you need any help?
We normally use so m e (not any) when we offer
things (W ould you like ... ?):
• A: W ould you like so m e coffee?
B: Yes, please.
or w hen we ask fo r things (C an I have ... ? etc.):
• A: Can I have s o m e soup, please?
B: Yes. Help yourself.
• A: Can you lend me s o m e money?
B: Sure. H ow much do you need?
so m e and any without a noun
• I didn’t take any photographs but Ann took so m e . (= some photographs)
• You can have some coffee but I don’t want any. (= any coffee)
• I’ve just made some coffee. Would you like som e? (= some coffee)
• ‘W here’s your luggage?’ ‘I haven’t got any.’ (= any luggage)
• ‘Are there any biscuits?’ ‘Yes, there are s o m e in the kitchen.’ (= some biscuits)
D
[1 5 8 ]
s o m e th in g / so m e b o d y (or so m eo n e)
• She said so m e th in g .
• I saw so m e b o d y (or s o m e o n e ).
• Would you like s o m e th in g to eat?
• Quick! S o m e b o d y ’s coming.
a and so m e
s o m e b o d y /a n y th in g etc.=> |
a n y th in g / a n y b o d y (or anyone)
• She didn’t say an y th in g .
• 1 didn’t see a n y b o d y (or anyone).
• Are you doing a n y th in g this evening?
• W here’s Ann? Has a n y b o d y seen her?
U N IT
EXERCISES
75.1
75
Put in some or any.
1 I bought
_cheese but I didn’t buyJPPB.... bread.
I’m going to the post office. I n e e d ............stamps.
There aren’t
shops in this part o f town.
George and Alice haven’t g o t
children.
Have you g o t............brothers or sisters?
6 There a re
beautiful flowers in the garden.
7 Do you k n o w ............good hotels in London?
8 ‘Would you lik e
tea?’ ‘Yes, please.’
9 W hen we were on holiday, we visited
very interesting places.
10 D on’t b u y
rice. We don’t n e e d .............
11 1 went out to b u y m ilk but they didn’t h av e
in the shop.
12 I’m thirsty. Can I h av e
water, please?
.
2
3
4
5
75.2
Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words:
air
b a tte rie s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
75.3
cheese
frien d s
h elp
lan g u ag es
le tte rs
m ilk
p h o to g ra p h s
sh a m p o o
I want to wash my hair. Is there
?
This evening I’m going to w r ite .......................................................................
I haven’t got my camera, so 1 can’t ta k e .......................................................................
Do you speak................... fo reign........................................................................ ?
Yesterday evening I w ent to a restaurant w ith ................................................................... o f mine.
Can I h a v e ...................................................................... in my coffee, please?
The radio isn’t working. There aren’t ..................................................................... in it.
It’s hot in this office. I’m going out f o r ............................ fresh.......................................................
‘Would you lik e
?’ ‘N o, thank you. I’ve had enough to eat.’
I can do this job alone. I don’t n e e d .......................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use some or any.
1
2
3
4
5
Ann didn’t take any photographs but
.... (I/take)
‘W here’s your luggage?’ ‘J.
^ 3?^.AflB .’ (I/not/have)
‘D o you need any money?’ ‘No, thank you................................................................. .’ (1/have)
‘Can you lend me some money?’ ‘I’m sorry b u t .................................................’ (I/not/have)
The tomatoes in the shop didn’t look very good, s o ................................................ (1/not/buy)
6 There were some nice oranges in the shop, s o .................................................................. (I/buy)
75.4
Put in something/somebody/anything/anybody.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
She said sometHung . to me but 1 didn’t understand it.
‘W hat’s wrong?’ ‘T here’s ............................. in my eye.’
Do you k n o w
about politics?
1 went to the shop but I didn’t b u y ..............................
.............................has broken the window. I don’t know who.
There isn’t ............................in the bag. It’s empty.
I’m looking for my keys. H a s ............................. seen them?
Would you lik e ............................. to drink?
1 didn’t e a t............................because I wasn’t hungry.
This is a secret. Please don’t te ll..............................
[1 5 9 ]
U N IT
76
not + any
no
none
T he car park is empty.
There aren’t any cars 1 . ,
,
1 m the car park.
1here are n o cars
j
How many cars are there in the car park?
N one.
n o t (n’t) + any
• There aren’t any cars in the car park.
• Sally and Steve haven’t got any children.
• You can have some coffee but I d o n ’t want any.
n o + iiottn (no cars / n o g a rd e n etc.)
n o ... = n o t + any or n o t + a:
• There are n o cars in the car park. (= there aren’t any cars)
• We’ve got n o coffee. '(= we haven’t got any coffee)
• It’s a nice house but there’s n o g a rd e n . (= there isn’t a garden)
We use n o ... especially after have (got) and th ere is/a re .
negative verb + any = positive verb + no:
• They h a v e n ’t got any children, or They’ve got n o children.
(not ‘They haven’t got no children’)
• There isn ’t an y sugar in your coffee, or T here’s n o sugar in your coffee.
B
n o and
Use n o
•
•
none
+ noun (no m o n e y / n o c h ild ren etc.):
We’ve got n o m o n ey .
Everything was OK. There were n o p ro b le m s.
Use n o n e alone (without a noun):
• ‘How m uch m oney have you got?’ ‘N o n e .’ (= no money)
• ‘Were there any problems?’ ‘N o, n o n e .’ (= no problems)
n o n e and n o -o n e
n o n e = 0 (zero)
N o n e is an answer for H o w m u c h ? / H o w m any? (things or people):
• ‘H o w m u c h m oney have you got?’ ‘N o n e .’ (= no money)
• ‘H o w m a n y people did you m eet?’ ‘N o n e .’ (= no people)
n o -o n e = nobody (=s U nit 77)
N o -o n e is an answer for W ho?:
• ‘W h o did you meet?’ ‘N o -o n e .’ (or N o b o d y .)
[1 6 0 ]
negatives:
UNIT 4 2
s o m e and a n v =>
|UNIT 7 5
a n y b o d y / n o b o d y / n o t h i n g etc. = >
1UNITS 7 7 - 7 8
U N IT
76
EXERCISES
76.1
Write these sentences again with no.
1
2
3
4
Wo haven’t got any money.
There aren’t any shops near here,
Carol hasn’t got any free time.
There isn’t a light in this room.
We’ve gob no money.
There are
Write these sentences again with any.
5 We’ve got no money.
6 T here’s no tea in the pot.
7 There are no buses today.
8 Tom has got no brothers or sisters.
76.2
We haven’t got any money.
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
Put in no or any.
1
2
3
4
5
T here’s TP. .. sugar in your coffee.
My brother is m arried but he hasn’t g o t ...........children.
Sue doesn’t speak
foreign languages.
I’m afraid there’s
coffee. W ould you like some tea?
‘Look at those birds!’ ‘Birds? W here? I can’t s e e ......birds.’
6 ‘Do you know where Jane is?’ ‘No, I’ve g o t
idea.’
Put in no, any or none.
7
8
9
10
1I
12
76.3
There aren’t ................pictures on the wall.
T he weather was cold but there w a s...............wind.
1 wanted to buy some oranges but they didn’t h av e.................in the shop.
Everything was correct. There w e re ............. mistakes.
‘H ow much luggage have you got?’ ‘...............’
‘H ow much luggage have you got?’ ‘1 haven’t g o t .................’
Complete the sentences. Use any or no + one of these words:
answ er
d ifferen ce
film
p h o to g ra p h s
p ro b lem s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
76.4
frie n d s
q u estio n s
fu rn itu re
h e a tin g
m oney
Everything was OK. There were ...TP. P.I'P.^.^TIP.....
They want to go on holiday but they’ve g o t ...........................................................
I’m not going to answ er...........................................................
H e’s always alone. H e ’s g o t ...........................................................
There i s ....................................................between these two machines. T hey’re exactly the same.
There wasn’t .........................................................in the room. It was completely empty.
I tried to phone you yesterday but there w a s...........................................................
The house is cold because there isn’t ...........................................................
I can’t ta k e ..................................................... T here’s
in the camera.
Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
H ow
H ow
How
How
How
many letters did you w rite yesterday? . Tw? %... OR A Lot. OR None...............................
many sisters have you got? .........................................................................................................
m uch coffee did you drink yesterday? .....................................................................................
many photographs have you taken today? ..............................................................................
many legs has a snake got? .........................................................................................................
[1 6 1 ]
not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no-one/nothing
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e
n o b o d y /n o -o n e
n o t + a n y th in g
n o th in g
(for people)
(for things)
• There isn ’t
an y b o d y
a n yone
There is I n ° k o tty 1
n o -o n e
in the room.
• There isn ’t a n y th in g in the bag.
t|le roonl
• There is n o th in g in the bag.
• A: W h o is in the room?
B: N o b o d y . / N o -o n e .
• A: W h a t’s in the bag?
B: N o th in g .
anybody = anyone
n o b o d y = n o -o n e
(-b o d y and -o n e are the same)
B
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e
• I d o n ’t know a n y b o d y (or anyone) here.
n o t + a n y th in g
• I can’t rem ember a n y th in g .
n o b o d y = n o t + an y b o d y
n o -o n e = n o t + anyone
• I’m lonely. I’ve got n o b o d y to talk to.
(= I haven’t got anybody)
• The house is empty. There is n o -o n e in it.
(= There isn’t a n y o n e in it.)
n o th in g = n o t + a n y th in g
• She said n o th in g .
(= She didn’t say an y thing.)
• T here’s n o th in g to eat.
(= There isn’t a n y th in g to eat.)
You can use n o b o d y /n o - o n e /n o th in g at the beginning o f a sentence or alone (to answer a
question):
• T he house is empty. N o b o d y lives there.
(not ‘Anybody lives there’)
• ‘W ho did you speak to?’ ‘N o -o n e .’
Rem em ber:
• N o th in g happened.
(not ‘Anything happened’)
• ‘W hat did you say?’ ‘N o th in g .’
negative verb + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e /a n y th in g
positive verb + n o b o d y /n o - o n e /n o th in g
• He doesn’t know a n y th in g , (not ‘He doesn’t know nothing’)
• D o n ’t tell a n y b o d y , (not ‘D o n ’t tell nobody’)
• There is n o th in g to do in this town, (not ‘There isn’t nothing’)
[ 162]
s o m e and a n y =>
a n y and n o :
s o m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h e r e etc.
U N IT
77
EXERCISES
77.1
Write these sentences again with nobody/no-one or nothing.
1
2
3
4
5
There isn’t anything in the bag.
? nofcHuag bn tile bag.
There isn’t anybody in the office.
T here’s .....................................
I haven’t got anything to do.
I....................................................
There isn’t anything on TV..................... .....................................................
There wasn’t anyone at home......................................................................
6 We didn’t find anything................................................................................
77.2
Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything.
1
2
3
4
5
T here’s nothing in the bag.
There was nobody on the bus.
I ’ve got nothing to read.
I’ve got no-one to help me.
She heard nothing.
6 We’ve got nothing for dinner.
77.3
There i-sta t
m th e bag.
There wasn’t .....................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
.............................................................
Answer these questions with nobody/no-one or nothing.
la
2a
3a
4a
W hat did you say? Nothfog.
W ho saw you? ... typbpdy •
W hat do you want? .....................................
W ho did you meet? .....................................
5a
6a
7a
8a
W ho knows the answer?
W hat did you buy? .......
W hat happened? ...........
W ho was late? ................
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use nobody/no-one/nothing or anybody/anyone/anything.
I b .!
....
5b
2b Nobody sa w roe.
6b
3b I don’t
...................................
7b... ....................................................................
4b I ............................................................................
8b... ...................................................................
77.4
the answ
Complete the sentences. Use nobody/no-one/nothing/anybody/anyone/anything.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
That house is empty................. ...lives there.
Jack has a bad memory. H e can’t rem em ber.......................
Be quiet! D o n ’t say....................................
I didn’t know about the m eeting.......................................told me.
‘W hat did you have to eat?’ ‘
Iwasn’t hungry.’
I didn’t e a t....................................I wasn’t hungry.
Jenny was sitting alone. She wasn’t w ith ....................................
I’m afraid I can’t help you. T here’s ..................................I can do.
I don’t k n o w ..................................about car engines.
The museum is free. It doesn’t c o s t.................................. to go in.
I heard a knock on the door but w hen I opened it there w as................................... there.
She spoke very fast. I didn’t understand....................................
‘W hat are you doing this evening?’ ‘..................................... Why?’
Helen has gone away. .............................
knows where sheis.She didn’t tell
...................................where she was going.
[163]
somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
?
?
LONDON
?
B
9
?
?
^
?
S o m e b o d y (or so m eo n e)
has broken the window.
She has got s o m e th in g in
her m outh.
Tom lives so m e w h e re near
London.
s o m e b o d y /s o m e o n e = a
person but we don’t know who
s o m e th in g = a thing but we
so m e w h ere —in /to a place but
don’t know what
we don’t know where
people (-b o d y or -o n e)
so m e b o d y or so m e o n e
a n y b o d y or anyone
n o b o d y or n o -o n e
•
•
•
•
There is s o m e b o d y (or so m e o n e ) in the garden.
Is there a n y b o d y (or anyone) in the garden?
There isn’t a n y b o d y (or anyone) in the garden.
There is n o b o d y (or n o -o n e ) in the garden.
- b o d y and -o n e are the same: s o m e b o d y = so m e o n e , n o b o d y = n o -o n e etc.
igs (-thing)
s o m e th in g
a n y th in g
n o th in g
•
•
•
•
She said s o m e th in g but 1 didn’t understand her.
Are you doing a n y th in g at the weekend?
1 was angry but I didn’t say a n y th in g .
‘W hat did you say?’ ‘N o th in g .’
•
•
•
•
They live s o m e w h e re in the south o f England.
Did you go an y w h e re interesting for your holidays?
I’m staying here. I’m n o t going an y w h ere.
1 don’t like this town. There is n o w h e re to go.
places (-w here)
so m e w h ere
an y w h ere
n o w h e re
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y etc. + adjective (b ig /c h e a p /in te re s tin g etc.)
• D id you m eet a n y b o d y in te re s tin g at the party?
• We always go to the same place. Let’s go so m e w h e re d ifferent.
• ‘W hat’s that letter?’ ‘It’s n o th in g im p o r ta n t.’
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y etc. + to ...
• I’m hungry. I want s o m e th in g to eat. (= something that I can eat)
• H e hasn’t got a n y b o d y to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
• There is n o w h e re to go in this town. (= nowhere where people can go)
so m e and an y
11 6 4 ]
UNIT 7 5
e v ery th i n g /- b o d y /- w h e r e
a n y and n o =>
UNIT 7 6
a n y b o d y /n o th in g etc. =>
UNIT 7 7
U N IT
78
EX E R C I S E S
78.1
Put in somebody (or someone) / something / somewhere.
She said somethmg.
I’ve lo s t......................
They w e n t......................
’in going to p h o n e ......................
2
3
4
78.2
W hat did she say?
W hat have you lost?
W here did they go?
W ho are you going to phone?
Put in nobody (or no-one) / nothing / nowhere.
A
la
2a
3a
4a
-
Nothing.
W hat did you say?
W here are you going?
W hat do you want?
W ho are you looking for?
Now answer the same questions with full sentences. Use not + anybody/anything/anywhere.
\ didin b s<uj a n y th in g ..............................
2b I’m not
78.3
4b
Put in somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
78.4
3b
It’s dark. I can’t see
.....
Tom lives. somewhere . near London.
Do you k n o w ...............................................about computers?
‘Listen!’ ‘What? I can’t h e a r................................................’
‘W hat are you doing here?’ ‘I’m waiting f o r ............................................... .’
Please listen carefully. T here’s
1 want to tell you.
‘D id ...............................................see the accident?’ ‘N o ,...............................
We w eren’t hungry, so we didn’t e a t.
‘W hat’s going to happen?’ ‘I don’t know. ............................................... knows.’
‘Do you k n o w
in London?’ ‘Yes, a few people.’
‘W hat’s in that cupboard?’ ‘................................................ It’s empty.’
I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find th e m ................................................
I don’t like cold weather. I want to live............................................... warm.
Is th e re ...............................................interesting on television tonight?
Have you ever m e t..............................................famous?
Complete the sentences. Choose from Box A and Box B.
A
something
somewhere
anything
anywhere
nothing
nowhere
B
do
play
drink
read
eat
sit
stay
You can use these words more than once.
1
2
3
4
5
We don’t go out very m uch because there’s ...hpwhere to go .
There isn’t any food in the house. We haven’t g o t ...........................................................
I’m bored. I’ve g o t ...........................................................
‘Why are you standing?’ ‘Because there isn’t ........................................................... ’
‘Would you lik e .......................................................... ?’ ‘Yes, please - a glass o f orange juice.’
6 All the hotels were full. There w a s...........................................................
7 I w ant
I’m going to buy a magazine.
8 Children n e e d ...........................................................
[165]
every and all
j.a—
—
e—
—
e—©
—
•©
■—
&■ ■©
I 1 I mti s i
|l u IB B|BII5II
every
We use
•
•
•
E v ery h o u se in the street is the same.
every h o u se in the street = all th e houses
in the street
every + singular noun (every h o u se / every c o u n try etc.):
Alice has been to every c o u n try in Europe.
E v e ry s u m m e r we have a holiday by the sea.
She looks different every tim e I see her.
Use a singular verb after every ... :
• E v ery h o u se in the street is the same. (not ‘are the same’)
• E very c o u n try h as a national flag. (not ‘have’)
Compare every and all:
• All the students in the class passed the
exam.
• All c o u n trie s have a national flag.
• E v ery s tu d e n t in the class passed the
exam.
• E very c o u n try h as a national flag.
every day and all day
all day = the complete day:
every day = on all days:
how often?
SU N
+ MON
.. 1
+
1
TUE
.
.1
t- W ED
I
E V E R Y
+ TH UR
.
4_
+
FRI
....
+
SAT
Beginning
of the day
liow long?
ALL
End of
the day
DAY
1
DAY
• A: How often do you read a newspaper?
B: E v ery day.
• Bill watches TV for about two hours
every evening. (= on all evenings)
• T he weather was bad yesterday. It rained
all day.
• I was tired after work yesterday, so I
watched TV all evening. (= the complete
evening)
also every m o r n in g /n ig h t/s u m m e r etc.
also all m o r n in g /n ig h t/s u m m e r etc.
e v e ry b o d y (or everyone) / e v e ry th in g / e v ery w h ere
e v e ry b o d y or everyone
(people)
e v e ry th in g
(things)
ev ery w h ere
(places)
• E v e ry b o d y (or E veryone) needs friends. (= all peopl
need friends)
• Have you got e v e ry th in g you need? (= all the tilings
you need)
• I’ve lost my watch. I’ve looked e v ery w h ere for it.
(= I’ve looked in all places)
Use a singular verb after e v e ry b o d y /e v e ry o n e /e v e ry th in g :
• E v e ry b o d y has problems. (not ‘Everybody have’)
U N IT
79
EXERCISES
79.1
Complete the sentences. Use every + one of these words:
day
ro o m
s tu d e n t
tim e
w o rd
1
student- jn the class passed the exam.
2 My job is very boring................................................... is the same.
3 Kate is a very good tennis player. W hen we play, she w in s ................................................
4 ............................................. in the hotel has a private bathroom.
5 ‘Did you understand w hat she said?’ ‘Most o f it but n o t ................................................ ’
79.2
Complete the sentences with every day or all day.
...
Yesterday it rained
I buy a new spaper..................................but sometimes I don’t read it.
I’m not going out tomorrow. I’ll be at h o m e ....................................
I usually drink about four cups o f coffee....................................
Paula was ill yesterday, so she stayed in b e d ....................................
6 Last year we went to the seaside for a week and it ra in e d ....................................
7 I’m tired now because I’ve been working h a rd ....................................
1
2
3
4
5
79.3
Put in every or all.
1
2
3
4
5
.
6
Bill watches TV for about two hours ,.® Y evening.
Barbara gets up at 6 .3 0 .................. m orning.
T he weather was nice yesterday, so we sat in the g ard en .................. afternoon.
I’m going away on Monday.I’ll be aw ay.................week.
‘H ow often do you go skiing?’ ‘..................year. Usually in March.’
A: Were you at home at 10 o ’clock yesterday?
B: Yes, I was at h o m e m orning. I w ent out after lunch.
My sister likes cars. She buys anew o n e ................. year.
I saw Jack at the party.He wasn’t very friendly. H e didn’t speak to m e ...................evening.
We go away on holiday for two or three
w eeks.................summer.
7
8
9
79.4
Put in everybody/everything/everywhere.
1 Everybody needs friends.
computers.
2 Chris k n o w s................................... about
3 I like the people here................................................. is very friendly.
4 This is a nice hotel. It’s comfortable a n d ............................................... is very clean.
5 Kevin never uses his car. He g o es............................................... by m otor-bike.
6 Let’s have dinner
is hungry.
7 Sue’s house is full o f books. There are b o o k s................................................
8 You are right
you
say is true.
79.5
Put in a verb (one word).
1
2
3
4
5
Everybody
problems.
Are you ready yet? E verybody............................waiting for you.
T he house is empty. E veryone............................gone out.
George is very popular. Everybody............................him.
This town is completely different. E verything ............................. changed.
6 I arrived hom e very late. I came in quietly because everyone............................. asleep.
7 E verybody.............................mistakes!
1167|
U N IT
80I I
all
most
some
any
no/none
Compare:
B
c h ild re n /m o n e y /b o o k s etc. (in general):
th e children / th e money / these books etc.:
• Children like playing. (= children in general)
• M o n ey isn’t everything. (= money in
general)
• I enjoy reading books.
• Everybody needs friends.
• W here are th e children? (= our children)
• I want to buy a car but I haven’t got th e
m o n e y . (= the m oney for a car)
• Have you read these books?
• 1 often go out with m y friends.
m o s t/m o s t o f . . . , s o m e /s o m e o f . . . etc.
m o s t o f/s o m e o f etc. + th e /th is /m y ... etc.
m o s t/s o m e etc. + noun:
all
m o st
so m e o f
any
no
all
m o st
so m e
any
none
cities
c h ild ren
bo o k s
m oney
(of)
of
th e ...
th is /th a t ...
th e s e /th o s e ...
m y /y o u r ... etc.
vTTCT7y
t C> .
\V :
•
Vit•
•
•
•
•
W\V0,Vn
V v t'S
LX’-SV
?
all
m o st
so m e
M o st c h ild ren like playing. (= children
in general)
I don’t want any m o n ey .
S o m e b o o k s are better than others.
H e ’s got n o friends.
All cities have the same problems.
(= cities in general)
D o not use o f in these sentences:
• M ost p e o p le drive too fast, (not ‘M ost o f
people’)
• S o m e birds can’t fly. (not ‘Some o f birds’)
any
n o / n o n e / n o t + any
M ost o f th e c h ild re n a t th is school are
under 11 years old.
I don’t want any o f this m o n ey .
S o m e o f th ese b o o k s are very old.
N o n e o f m y frie n d s live near me.
We say all th e ... / all m y ... etc. (usually
w ithout of):
• All th e s tu d e n ts in o u r class passed the
exam.
• Silvia has lived in London all h e r life.
all o f it / m o s t o f th e m / n o n e o f us etc.
• You can have s o m e o f th is cake but not all o f it.
all
it
• A: Do you know those people?
m o st
th e m
B: M o st o f th e m , but not all o f th e m .
so m e o f
us
• S o m e o f us are going out tonight. W hy don’t you come with us?
any
you
• I’ve got a lot o f books but I haven’t read any o f th e m .
none
• ‘H ow many o f these books have you read?’ ‘N o n e o f th e m .’
th e ... (c h ild re n / th e c h ild re n etc.) => ^ ^ 5 1 1
[1 6 8 1
all and e v ery => UNIT 7 9
s o m e and an y => [fBTH?!
n o /n o n e / a n y =>
UNIT 7 6
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (some/most etc.). Sometimes you need of (some of /
most of etc.).
1............. ...children like playing, (most)
2 Some o f this money is yours, (some)
3 ........................... people never stop talking, (some)
4 ........................... the shops in the city centre close at 6.30. (most)
5 You can change your money i n ............................. banks, (most)
6 I don’t lik e .............................the pictures in the living room, (any)
7 H e’s lo st
his money, (all)
8 ............................my friends are married, (none)
9 Do you k n o w ...............................the people in this photograph? (any)
10 ........................... birds can fly. (most)
11 I enjoyed.............................the film but I didn’t like the ending, (most)
12 ........................... sports are very dangerous, (some)
13 We can’t find anywhere to stay. ............................. the hotels are full, (all)
14 You must h av e............................... thischeese. It’s delicious, (some)
15 The weather was bad when
we were on holiday. It ra in e d ....................the time, (most)
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use all/most/some/none + of them / of it.
1
2
3
4
5
H ow
How
How
H ow
H ow
6 How
many
many
many
many
many
m uch
o f the people are women?
o f the boxes are on the table?
o f the m en are wearing hats?
o f the windows are open?
o f the people are standing?
o f the m oney is B en’s?
Most of them ....
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
....................... .....................................
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong. Write
,...........
OKif the sentence is correct.
1( Most o f children) like playing. Most cHtLdre-n....
2 All the students failed the exam. QK.....................
3 Some o f people work too hard..................................................................................
4 Some o f questions in the exam were very easy. ....................................................
5 I haven’t seen any o f those people before.................................................................
6 All o f insects have six legs...........................................................................................
7 Have you read all these books? ................................................................................
8 Most o f students in our class are very nice...............................................................
9 Most o f my friends are going to the party. .............................................................
10 I’m very tired this m orning - I was awake most o f night......................................
U N IT
81
both
either
neither
We use b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r to talk about two things or people:
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r (n o t + either)
• Rosemary has two children. B o th are married. (B oth = the two children)
• Would you like tea or coffee? You can have e ith e r. (= tea or coffee)
• A: Do you want to go to the cinema or the theatre?
B: N e ith e r. I want to stay at home. (N e ith e r = not the cinema or the theatre)
Com pare e ith e r and n e ith e r:
• ‘Would you like tea o r coffee?’
B
‘E ith e r. I don’t mind.’ (= tea or coffee)
‘I d o n ’t want e ith er.’ (not ‘I don’t want neither’)
‘N e ith e r.’ (= not tea or coffee)
b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r + noun
b o th
+
plural:
e ith e r
n e ith e r
+
singular:
b o th w in d o w s /b o o k s /c h ild re n etc.
e ith e r
J w in d o w /b o o k /c h ild etc.
n e ith e r
• Last year I w ent to Paris and Rom e. 1 liked b o th cities very much.
• First I worked in an office, and later in a shop. N e ith e r j o b was very interesting.
• There are two ways from here to the station. You can go e ith e r way.
b o th o f ... / e ith e r o f ... / n e ith e r o f
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r
of
th e ...
these / th o se ...
m y / y o u r / A n n ’s ... etc.
I Like both o-f those
pictures .
• N e ith e r o f m y p a re n ts is English.
• I haven’t read e ith e r o f th ese books.
You can say b o th (of) th e ... / b o th (of) th o se ... /
b o th (of) m y ... etc. (with or w ithout of):
• I like b o th o f th o se p ictu res, or I like b o th th o se p ictu res.
• B o th o f A n n ’s sisters are married, or B o th A n n ’s sisters are married.
b o th o f th e m / n e ith e r o f us etc.
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r
[1 7 0 ]
of
• Ann has got two sisters. B o th o f th e m are married.
• Tom and I didn’t eat anything. N e ith e r o f us w as hungry.
• W ho are those two people? I d o n ’t know e ith e r o f th em .
th e m
us
you
I can ’t either / neith er can I =>
UNIT
41
U N IT
81
EXERCISES
81.1
Put in both/either/neither. Use of where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
81.2
Last year I went to Paris and Rom e. I liked ....8®$?... cities very much.
There were two pictures on the wall. I didn’t like . ^ 0 ^ °.f..... them.
It was a good football m atch................................ teams played well.
It wasn’t a good football m atch...................................team played well.
‘Is your friend English or American?’ ‘.............................. She’s Australian.’
We went away for two days but the weather wasn’t good. It rained o n ............................. days.
A: 1 bought two newspapers. W hich one do you want?
B :............................... It doesn’t m atter which one.
I invited Diana and Mike to the party b u t ............................. them came.
‘Do you go to
work by car or by bus?’ ‘
I always walk.’
‘W hich jacket
do you prefer, this one or that one?’ ‘I don’t lik e .................. them.’
‘Do you work
or are you a student?’ ‘.....................I’vegot a job and I study too.’
Paula and I didn’t know the time because
us had a watch.
Ann has got two sisters and a brother................................. sisters are m arried.
Ann has got two sisters and a brother. I’ve m et her brother but I haven’t m e t..........................
her sisters.
Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both ... and N either ....
6
AMSWER
74H3
7*6 - 16
1 Both cwps W'C... empty.
2 ..............................................................arc open.
3 .................................................... wearing a hat.
81.3
a
4
cameras.
5
to the airport.
6 ................................................................ right.
man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences with
Both/Neither of them ....
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Are you married?
H ow old are you?
Are you a student?
Have you got a car?
W here do you live?
D o you like cooking?
Can you play the piano?
Do you read newspapers?
No
21
Yes
No
London
Yes
No
Yes
9
Are you interested in sport? N o
No —
21
—
Yes —
No
London
Yes
No
Yes
]
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No
9
...NeiiJier;. o f
Both o f tiie™ are Z1,
..............................................students.
.....................................................a car.
..............................................................
................................
..............................................................
........................................................
[1 7 1 ]
U N IT
82
a lot
much
a lo t o f m o n e y
many
n o t m u ch m oney
a lo t o f b o o k s
no t m any books
We use m u c h + uncountable noun:
m u c h fo o d / m u c h m o n e y etc.:
We use many + plural noun:
m a n y b o o k s / m a n y p e o p le etc.:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Did you buy m u c h food?
We haven’t got m u c h luggage.
H ow m u c h m o n e y do you want?
A: Have you got any m oney?
B: I’ve got some but n o t m u c h .
Did you buy m a n y books?
We don’t know m a n y peo p le.
How m a n y p h o to g ra p h s did you take?
A: Did you take any p h o to g ra p h s?
B: I took some but n o t m an y .
We use a lo t o f + all types o f noun:
• We bought a lo t o f fo o d .
• Paula hasn’t got a lo t o f free tim e.
N ote that we say:
• There is a lot o f fo o d /m o n e y /w a te r ...
(singular verb)
• We bought a lo t o f books.
• Did they ask you a lo t o f questions?
• There are a lot o f tre e s /s h o p s /p e o p le ...
(plural verb)
• A lot o f p eo p le speak English, (not ‘speaks’)
We use
•
•
but •
•
m u c h in questions and negative sentences, but not usually in positive sentences:
Do you drink m u c h coffee / a lo t o f coffee?
I don’t drink m u c h coffee / a lo t o f coffee.
I drink a lo t o f coffee, (not ‘I drink m uch coffee.’)
‘D o you drink m u c h coffee?’ ‘Yes, a lo t.’ (not ‘m uch’)
We use
•
•
•
m a n y and a lo t o f in all types o f sentences:
Have you got m a n y frie n d s / a lo t o f friends?
We haven’t got m a n y frie n d s / a lo t o f friends.
We’ve got m a n y frie n d s / a lo t o f frien d s.
m u c h and a lo t without a noun
• Diane spoke to me but she didn’t say m u c h .
• ‘Do you watch T V m u c h ? ’ ‘N o, n o t m u c h .’ (= not often)
• We like films, so we go to the cinema a lot. (not ‘ m uch’ - See section B)
• I don’t like him very m u c h .
11 72]
countable/uncountable =>
units
66-67
U N IT
EXERCISES
82.1
8 2
Putin much or many.
1
2
3
4
Did you buy nrUAC)1 food?
There aren’t ..................hotels in this town.
We haven’t g o t ..................petrol.
Were th e re ..................people on the train?
5
6
7
8
D id .................students fail the examination?
Paula hasn’t g o t ..................money.
I wasn’t very hungry. 1 didn’t e a t ...................
I haven’t seen George f o r ..................years.
Put in How much or How many.
9
10
11
12
82.2
............................................. people are com ing to the party?
............................................. milk do you want in your coffee?
............................................. bread did you buy?
............................................. players are there in a football team?
Complete the sentences. Use much or many with one of these words:
books
c o u n trie s
lu g g ag e
p e o p le
tim e
tim es
1 I don’t read very much. I haven’t got ..
hPPkp...
Quick! We must hurry. We haven’t g o t .......................................................................
D o you travel a lot? Have you been t o .......................................................................?
Tina hasn’t lived here very long, so she doesn’t k n o w .......................................................................
‘Have you g o t ...................................................................... ?’ ‘No, only this bag.’
6 I know Paris very well. I’ve been th e re .......................................................................
2
3
4
5
82.3
Complete the sentences with a lot of + one of these:
ac cid e n ts
1
2
3
4
5
82.4
fu n
in te re s tin g th in g s
traffic
I like reading. I have P-JrP^ Pp. hppks f
We enjoyed our visit to the museum. We saw ..................................................................................
This road is very dangerous. There a r e ...............................................................................................
We enjoyed our holiday We had .........................................................................................................
It took me a long time to drive here. There w a s ...............................................................................
In some of these sentences much is not natural. Change the sentences or write
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
82.5
books
OK.
Do you drink much coffee?
^ ...................
I drinkpmuch tea?)
P- I^Pt P f tea.
It was a cold winter. We had m uch snow.
...................................
There wasn’t much snow last winter.
..............................................
It costs much money to travel around the world......................................................
We had a cheap holiday. It didn’t cost m uch.
..............................................
D o you know m uch about computers?
..............................................
‘Have you got any luggage?’ ‘Yes, m uch.’
..............................................
Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot.
1
2
3
4
5
Jim loves films, (go to the cinema)
Hp" flP.&P
Linda thinks TV is boring, (watch TV)
. She- dpesn fc wafxb TV m uch.
Tina is a good tennis player, (play tennis)
She ................................................
M artin doesn’t like driving, (use his car)
H e ..................................................
Paul spends most o f the time at hom e, (go out)
.......................................................
6 Sue has been all over the world, (travel)..........................................................................
1173|
(a) little
m
(a) few
V z ^7
B
c
a little w a te r
a few b o o k s
(a) little + uncountable noun:
(a) few + plural noun:
(a) little w a te r
(a) little tim e
(a) few books
(a) few p e o p le
(a) little m o n e y
(a) little so u p
a little = some but not much:
a few = some but not many:
• She didn’t eat anything but she drank
a little w ater.
• I speak a little S panish. (= some Spanish
but n ot much)
• A: Can you speak Spanish?
B: A little.
* Last night I wrote a few letters.
* We’re going away for a few days.
* I speak a few w o rd s o f Spanish.
^ l i t t l e (without a) = nearly no ... or nearly
nothing:
• There was little fo o d in the fridge. It was
nearly empty.
D
* A: Are there any shops in the village?
B: Yes, a few.
jtf few (without a) = nearly no ... :
* There were few p e o p le in the park. It
was nearly empty.
You can say very little:
• Dan is very thin because he eats very
little. (= nearly nothing)
You can say v ery few:
* Your English is very correct. You make
very few m istakes.
little and a little:
few and a few:
a little is a positive idea:
• They have a little money, so they’re not
poor. (= they have some money)
a few is a positive idea:
* I’ve got a few friends, so I’m not lonely.
(= I’ve got some friends)
X little is a negative idea:
k)few is a negative idea:
I’m sad and I’m lonely. I’ve got few
friends. (= nearly no friends)
• They have little money. They are very
poor. (= nearly no money)
/ I ’ve got o.
I’ve got littleA
~ r o o n e m j V . -----^rnoney. J
i
[1 7 4 |
(a) few questions
(a) few days
countable/uncountable =>
I
u n it s
' t ' T
6 6 -6 7
( I’ve goto.-few ) C __I’ve got -few')
S ' 'X - f n e n d s ^ / X A o e n c l s .J
(r-)XXu
r-i
)i r
U N IT
EXERCISES
83.1
83
Answer the questions with a little or a few.
1
2
3
4
5
‘Have you got any money?’ ‘Yes, ..A. Wjfcfo..
‘Have you got any envelopes?’ ‘Yes,............................
‘Do you want sugar in your coffee?’ ‘Y es,
, please.’
‘Did you take any photographs w hen you were on holiday?’ ‘Y es,............................. .’
‘Does your friend speak English?’ ‘Yes,..............................’
6 ‘Are there any factories in this town?’ ‘Y es,..............................’
83.2
Put in a little or a few + one of these words:
air
ch airs
days
frie n d s
le t te r s
m ilk
R u ssian
tim e s
1
2
3
4
5
Last night I wrote <*- few Letters to my family and friends.
Can I h av e...................................................................... in my coffee, please?
‘W hen didjulia go away?’ ‘...................................................................... ago.’
‘D o you speak any foreign languages?’ ‘I can speak ....................................................................... '
‘Are you going out alone?’ ‘No, I’m going w ith ........................................................................’
6 ‘Have you ever been to R om e?’ ‘Y es,........................................................................’
7 There wasn’t m uch furniture in the room - just a table a n d ............................................................
8 I’m going out for a walk. 1 n e e d .........................................fresh............................................
83.3
Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + one of these words:
coffee
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
83.4
h o tels
m istak e s
p e o p le
rain
tim e
w o rk
Your English is very good. You make
..'felt?...1™^*^.?'?.... .
I d rin k ........................................................................ Idon’t like it.
T he weather here is very dry in summer. There i s ......................................................
It’s difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There a re ..........................................
We must hurry. W e’ve g o t .......................................................................
The town is very quiet at night........................................................................... go out.
Some people in the office are very laity. They d o ........................................................
Put in little / a little / few / a few.
1
2
3
4
5
There was
food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.
‘W hen did Sarah go out?’ ‘............................. minutes ago.’
I can’t decide now. I n e e d ............................. time to think about it.
There w as.............................traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.
T he bus service isn’t very good at night - there a re
buses after 9 o ’clock.
6 ‘Would you like some soup?’ ‘Yes,............................. , please.’
7 I’d like to practise my English more but I h av e............................opportunity.
"X
83.5
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences where necessary. Write
1
2
3
4
5
0K\\ the sentence is correct.
We’re going away (lo r few days) next week.
Everybody needs little luck.
I can’t talk to you now - I’ve got few things to do.
I eat very little meat - 1 don’t like it very much.
Excuse me, can I ask you few questions?
6 There were little people on the bus —it was nearly empty.
daujs
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
[1 7 5 ]
1
U N IT
B 84
:til
A
old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)
adjective + noun (nice day / b lu e eyes etc.)
adjective + noun
It’s a n ice
Laura has got b ro w n
T here’s a very o ld
Do you like Italian
I don’t speak any fo re ig n
There are some b e a u tifu l yellow
......
day today.
eyes.
b rid g e in this village.
food?
languages.
flow ers in the garden.
The adjective is before the noun:
• They live in a m o d e r n h o u se, {not ‘a house m odern’)
• Have you m et any fa m o u s people? (not ‘people famous’)
The ending o f an adjective is always the same:
a d iffe re n t p lace
d iffe re n t places (not ‘differents’)
B
be (a m /is/w a s etc.) + adjective
The weather is n ice today.
These flowers are very beau tifu l.
• A re you cold? Shall 1 close the window?
I’m h u n g ry . Can 1 have something to eat?
The film w a sn ’t very g o o d . It w as b o rin g .
Please b e q u iet. I’m reading.
C
lo o k /f e e l/s m e ll/ta s te /s o u n d + adjective
It smells
good.
You sound"'
Happy.
It tastes
good. ^
• ‘You lo o k tired .’ ‘Yes, I feel tired .’
• George told me about his new job. It so u n d s very in te restin g .
• D on’t cook that meat. It doesn’t sm ell g o od.
Compare:
He
[176]
is
feels
looks
tire d .
Thev
g e t + adjective (g et h u n g r y /tir e d etc.) =>
are
lo o k
sound
IS
A m e ric a n .
It sm ells
tastes
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y + adjective :
good.
-
U N IT
84
EXERCISES
84.1
Put the words in the right order.
1
2
3
4
5
84.2
(new / live in / house / they / a)
(like / jacket / I / that / green) 1 ................................................................................................
(music / like / do / classical / you?) D o ...................................................................................
(had / wonderful / a / I / holiday) ............................................................................................
(went to / restaurant / a / Chinese / we) .................................................................................
The words in the box are adjectives (black/foreign etc.) or nouns (air/job etc.). Use an adjective and a
noun to complete each sentence.
air
black
foreign
fresh
clouds
dangerous
holiday
hot
job
knife
languages
long
sharp
water
Do you speak any f P f t 1 T*™)W 3 5 ?
Look at th o se
It’s going to rain.
Sue works very hard and she’s very tired. She needs a ..................................
I want to have a bath but there’s n o ..................................................................
Can you open the window? We need s o m e ..................................................
6 I need a ...................................................................... to cut these onions.
7 Fire-fighting is a .......................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
84.3
Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from Box A and Box B.
A
feel(s)
look(s)
look(s)
smell (s)
..... ...............
sound(s)
taste(s)
+
B
happy
horrible
ill
new
nice
surprised
N
( 1 You ..sPfoui. h«i>PM,...
4 You
84.4
( 2 “ ........................................ ) I 3 1 ..................
\f
f
J [ 5 T h e y ......................................( b It
A and B don’t agree. Complete B’s sentences. Use the word in brackets (...).
B
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
You look tired.
This is a new coat.
I’m American.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
That soup looks good.
D o I? 1 cion’t fe e l tirecl.
Is it? I t ................................
Are you? Y o u ....................
Do I? I ...............................
Are they? They ................
Does it? It ................................................................
(feel)
(look)
(sound)
(feel)
(look)
(taste)
[1 7 7 |
U N IT
85
quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
Q u ic k ly and su d d en ly are adverbs.
adjective + -ly —» adverb:
quick
quickly
adjective
adverb
bad
badly
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
B
sudden
suddenly
easy —» easily
careful
carefully
heavy
heavily
heavy —> heavily
Adverbs tell you how something happens or how
somebody does something:
• T he train sto p p e d suddenly.
• I o p e n e d the door slowly.
• Please listen carefully.
• I u n d e rs ta n d you p erfectly.
Compare:
adjective (=> U nit 84)
adverb
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sue is very q u iet.
B e careful!
It was a b a d gam e.
I feel nervous. (= I am nervous)
hard
fast
late
early
-"A
etc.
r
It’s ra in in g heavily.
Sue speaks very q u ietly . (not ‘speaks very quiet’)
L isten carefully! (not ‘listen careful’)
O u r team played badly. (not ‘played bad’)
I w a ite d nervously.
These words are adjectives and adverbs:
• Sue’s job is very hard.
• Ben is a fast ru n n e r.
• The bus was late /e a rly .
• Sue w o rk s very h a rd . (not ‘hardly’)
• Ben can ru n fast.
• I w e n t to bed la te /e a rly .
g o o d (adjective) —> well (adverb)
• Your English is very go o d .
• It was a g o o d g am e.
• You sp eak English very well, (not ‘very good’)
• O u r team played well.
But well is also an adjective (= not ill, in good health):
• ‘How are you?’ ‘I’m very w ell, thank you. And you?’
[1 7 8 ]
adjectives =>
UNIT
84
U N IT
85
EXERCISES
85.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with one of these adverbs:
a n g rily
b ad ly
d a n g e ro u sly
fast
3
heavily
4
q u ietly
5
6
fa
Ik
111
Ilf
1 It’s raining .
2 H e sings v e r y ..............
3 They came in .............
85.2
4 She shouted at me
5 She can run very ...
6 H e was d riv in g ....
Choose a verb (Box A) + an adverb (Box B) to complete the sentences.
A
come
explain
know
listen
sleep
think
win
work
+
B
eareftdly
carefully
clearly
easily
hard
quickly
well
well
1 I’m going to tell you something very important, so please
car&fwtly
2 Ann! I need your help................................................................!
3 T h e y ...........................................................At the end o f the day they’re always tired.
I’m tired this m orning. I didn’t .........................................................last night.
You’re a m uch better tennis player than me. W hen we play, you always...................
..........................................................before you answer the question.
I’ve m et Alice a few times but I don’t ..............................her v e ry ...............................
8 O u r teacher isn’t very good. Sometimes he doesn’t ........................ things v e ry ........
85.3
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
85.4
D on’t cat so-quick/quickly. It’s not good for you.
quickly is right
W hy are you angry/angrily? I haven’t done anything.
Can you speak slow/slowly, please?
Com e on, Dave! Why are you always so slow/slowly?
Bill is a very careful/carefully driver.
Jane is studying hard/hardly for her examinations.
‘W here’s Diane?’ ‘She was here but she left sudden/suddenly.’
Please be quiet/quietly. I’m studying.
Some companies pay their workers very bad/badly.
Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?
Put in good or well.
1 Your English is very 99®“ . You speak English very .19.^...
2 Jackie did v e ry
in her exams.
3 T he party was v e ry .............. I enjoyed it very much.
4 M artin has a difficult jo b but he does i t ............
5 H ow are your parents? Are th e y
?
6 Did you have a
holiday? Was the w e a th er
?
[1 7 9 ]
U N IT
86
old/older
expensive/more expensive
A
old
o ld e r
heavy
h eav ier
expensive
m o re expensive
O ld e r / h eav ier / m o re expensive are comparative forms.
T he comparative is - c r (older) or m o re ... (m o re expensive).
B
-e r (older/heavier etc.)
Short words (1 syllable) —> -er:
old —» older
nice —> nicer
c h e a p —» cheaper
b ig -» bigger
slow —> slower
late —> later
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
big —» bigger
hot —» h o tter
thin —» thinner
Words ending in -y —> -ier:
easy —> easier
•
•
•
•
•
heavy —» heavier
early —> earlier
R om e is old but Athens is o ld er. (not ‘more old’)
Is it c h e a p e r to go by car or by train? (not ‘more cheap’)
Helen wants a b ig g e r car.
This coat is O K but 1 think the other one is n icer.
D on’t write a letter. It’s easier to phone, (not ‘more easy’)
far —» fu rth e r:
• ‘How far is it to the station? A mile?’
‘N o, it’s fu rth e r. About two miles.’
m o re ...
Long words (2 /3 /4 syllables) —> m o re ... :
careful —> m o re careful
expensive —> m o re expensive
polite —> m o re polite
interesting —» m o re interesting
• You must be m o re careful.
• I don’t like my job. 1 want to do something m o re in te restin g .
• Is it m o re expensive to go by car or by train?
g o o d /w e ll —> b e tte r
b a d —» w o rse
• T he weather wasn’t very g o o d yesterday but it’s b e tte r today.
• ‘D o you feel b e tte r today?’ ‘No, I feel w orse.’
• W hich is w orse - a headache or a toothache?
[180]
o ld e r th a n ... / m o r e e x p e n siv e th a n
th e o ld e s t / th e m o s t e x p e n siv e =>
U N IT
86
EXERCISES
86.1
Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older / more interesting etc.).
86.2
Write the comparative.
1 old .°!4*r...
strong
happy
m odern
im portant......................................................
2
3
4
5
86.3
Write the opposite.
1 younger P(^e r
colder .............................................................
cheaper ..........................................................
2
3
864
6 good ....
7 large ....
8 serious .
9 pretty ....
10 crowded
4 better ....
5 nearer ...
6 easier ...
Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
H elen’s car isn’t very big. She wants a ...b<99.?L one.
My job isn’t very interesting. I want to do something
You’re not very tall. Your brother i s ...........................................................
David doesn’t work very hard, i w o r k .........................................................
My chair isn’t very comfortable. Yours i s ....................................................
Your plan isn’t very good. My plan i s ...........................................................
These flowers aren’t very nice. T he blue ones a re ......................................
My bag isn’t very heavy. Your bag i s ...........................................................
i ’m not very interested in art. I’m .......................................................... in history.
It isn’t very warm today. It w a s.......................................................... yesterday.
These tomatoes don’t taste very good. T he other ones tasted..................................
Britain isn’t very big. France i s ...........................................................
London isn’t very beautiful. Paris i s ...........................................................
This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a .......................................................... one?
People today aren’t very polite. In the past they w e re .................................................
11 8 1 ]
older than
more expensive than
T he Europa Hotel is m o re expensive th a n the Grand.
We use
•
•
•
•
•
th a n after comparatives (older th a n ... / m o re expensive th a n ... ctc.)\
Athens is o ld e r th an Rom e.
Are oranges m o re expensive th a n bananas?
It’s easier to phone th a n to w rite a letter.
‘H ow are you today?’ ‘N o t bad. B e tte r th a n yesterday.’
T he restaurant is m o re c ro w d e d th a n usual.
We say:
•
•
•
than m e / than h im / than h e r / than us / than th e m . You can say:
I can ru n faster th a n h im . or I can run faster th a n he can.
You are a better singer th a n m e. or You are a better singer th a n I am .
1got up earlier th a n her. or 1 got up earlier th a n she did.
m o re /le s s th a n ...
• A: How m uch did your shoes cost? £ 3 0 ?
B: No, m o re th a n that. (= m o re th a n £30)
• T he film was very short —less th an an hour.
• They’ve got m o re m o n e y th a n they need.
• You go out m o re th an me.
3 5-i
MORE THAN 30
■3 0
LESS THAN 30
2.5-1
D
a b it o ld e r / m u c h o ld e r etc.
Y/ZZL223-,
Box A is a b it b ig g e r than Box B.
a b it
m uch
[1 8 2 ]
bigger
older
better
more difficult
more expensive
Box C is m u c h b ig g e r than Box D.
• Canada is m u c h b ig g e r than France.
• Jill is a b it o ld e r than Gary —she’s 25 and he’s
than ...
old —» older, ex p en siv e —> m o re exp en sive
24 a.
• T he hotel was m u c h m o re expensive than I
expected.
• You go out m u c h m o re than me.
n o t as (old) as :
U N IT
87
EXERCISES
87.1
Write sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
87.2
I’m 26.
I’m not a very good swimmer.
I’m 1 metre 68 tall.
I start work at 8 o ’clock.
I don’t work very' hard.
1haven’t got much money.
I’m a very good driver.
I’m not very patient.
I’m not a very good dancer.
I’m very intelligent.
I speak French very well.
I don’t go to the cinema very much.
Liz is older th a n Ben.
Ben is <
k better swimmer
Liz.
Liz i s ..............................................................
Liz sta rts................................................Ben.
B e n ................................................................
Ben has g o t ...................................................
LIZ
/ /
/
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m 24.
I’m a very good swimmer.
I’m 1 metre 63 tall.
I start work at 8.30.
I work very hard.
I’ve got a lot o f money.
I’m not a very good driver.
I’m very patient.
I’m a good dancer.
I’m not very intelligent.
1 don’t speak French very well.
1go to the cinema a lot.
7 Liz is a ...............................................
8 Ben
9 Ben
10 Liz ...
11 Liz...
12 Ben
Complete the sentences. Use than.
1 He isn’t very tall. You Ve te lle r th a n him . (OR ... teiari he i s .)
She isn’t very old. You’r e ........................................................................
I don’t work very hard. You w o r k ........................................................
H e doesn’t watch TV very m uch. You ................................................
I’m not a very good cook. You .............................................................
We don’t know many people. Y o u ........................................................
They haven’t got m uch money. Y o u ....................................................
8 I can’t run very fast. You can ..................................................................
9 She hasn’t been here very long. Y o u .....................................................
10 They didn’t get up very early. You ........................................................
11 H e wasn’t very surprised. You ..............................................................
2
3
4
5
6
7
87.3
Complete the sentences with a bit or much +a comparative (older/better etc.).
1 Jill is 25. Gary is 24 'A.
J ill is <K b i i o ic ^ J ^ i m G q ^ .
2 Jack’s m other is 54. His father is 69.
Jack’s m o th e r.................................................................................................
3 My camera cost yj l 00. Yours cost £ 9 6 .
M y camera ....................................................................................................
4 Yesterday 1 felt terrible. Today I feel OK.
I feel ................................................................................................................
5 Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was ten degrees.
It’s ...................................................................................................................
6 Ann is an excellent tennis player. I’m not very good.
A n n .................................................................................................................
[183]
She’s old but she’s n o t as old as lie is.
•
•
•
•
llox A isn’t as b ig as Box B.
R om e is n o t as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
T he Grand Hotel isn’t as expensive as the Europa. (= the Europa is m o re expensive)
I d o n ’t play tennis as o fte n as you. (= you play m o re often)
The weather is better than it was yesterday. It isn’t as cold. (= as cold as it was
yesterday)
n o t as m u c h as ... / n o t as m a n y as ...
• I haven’t got as m u c h m o n e y as you. (= you’ve got m o re m o n ey )
• I don’t know as m a n y p e o p le as you. (— you know m o re people)
• I don’t go out as m u c h as you. (= you go out m o re)
Compare n o t as ... as and than:
• R o m e is n o t as old as Athens.
Athens is o ld e r th a n R om e. (not ‘older as R o m e ’)
• Tennis isn’t as p o p u la r as football.
Football is m o re p o p u la r th a n tennis.
• I d o n ’t go out as m u c h as you.
You go out m o re th a n me.
We say: as m e / as h im / as h e r etc.
You can say:
• She’s not as old as h im . or She’s not as old as he is.
• You don’t work as hard as m e. or You don’t work as hard as I do.
We say th e sa m e as ... :
• T he weather today is th e sam e as yesterday.
• My hair is th e sa m e c o lo u r as yours.
• I arrived at th e sam e tim e as Tim.
m u c h /m a n y =>
u n it 82
o ld e r th a n ... / m o r e e x p e n siv e th a n ... => UNIT 87
U N IT
gg
EXERCISES
.1
Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B and C.
1
2
3
4
5
6
88.2
A is bigger tHan C but not o s big o s B.
A i s .................................................................. ... B but not .............................. .............................. C.
C i s .................................................................. ... A b u t .....................................
A i s .................................................................. ... but .........................................
B has g o t ........................................................
C w o rk s.........................................................
Write sentences with a s ... a s ....
1
2
3
4
5
Athens is older than Rome.
My room is bigger than yours.
You got up earlier than me.
We played better than them.
I’ve been here longer than you.
6 She’s more nervous than him.
R om e tsn ’t 05 old. o s A thens.
Your room isn’t .................................
I didn’t ................................................
T h e y ....................................................
Y o u ......................................................
H e ........................................................
Put in as or than.
1
2
3
4
88.4
Athens is older bHan Rom e.
1 don’t watch TV as m u c h ........... .... you.
You eat m o re ................ me.
I feel b e tte r..................I felt yesterday.
5
6
7
8
Jim isn’t as clever............ ....he thinks.
Belgium is smaller
Brazil isn’t as b ig ............. ...Canada.
I can’t waitlo n g e r...................an hour.
Use the information to complete the sentences about Julia, Andrew and Caroline. Use the same age /the
same street etc.
ANDREW
JULIA
C A RO LIN E
I’m ZZ.
I live in HilL Street.
got up a t 7.15.
I Haven’t got a. car.
1 (age)
Andrew Is the, some oge as Caroline.
(street) Julia liv es........................................................
3 (time)
Julia got u p ...................................................
4 (colour) Andrew’s .........................................................
2
11 8 5 ]
the oldest
the most expensive
HOTEL PRICES IN K1NT0N
(per person . per nigHtf)
Europa H otel
Grantl Hotel
Royal
Arton. a.
Pa lace
Box A is b ig g e r th a n Box B.
Box A is b ig g e r th a n all the other boxes.
Box A is th e b ig g est box.
The Enropa Hotel
Grand.
The Europa Hotel
the other hotels in
The Europa Hotel
in the town.
£15
Grosrenor
£85-50
188
PO
{65
B ennetls
C a rlto n
S ta r
S ta tio n
is m o re expensive th a n the
is m o re expensive th a n all
the town.
is th e m o s t expensive hotel
Bigger / older / m o re expensive etc. are comparative forms (=> U nit 86 ).
Biggest / oldest / m o s t expensive etc. are superlative forms.
The superlative form is -e s t (oldest) or m o s t ... (m o st expensive):
Short words (o ld /c h e a p /n ic e etc.) —» th e -est:
but
o ld —> th e oldest
g o o d —> th e b e st
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
c h e ap —> th e cheapest
b a d —» th e w o rst
n ice —> th e nicest
big —> the biggest
hot —> the hottest
Words ending in -y (ea sy /h ea v y etc.) —> th e -iest:
easy —> th e easiest
heavy —» th e heaviest
pretty —> th e prettiest
Long words (c a rc fu l/e x p e n siv e /in te re stin g etc.) -A th e m o s t .. . :
careful —> th e m o s t careful
in te re s tin g —> th e m o s t interesting
We say: th e oldest ... / th e most expensive ... etc. (with the):
• T he church is very old. It’s th e o ld est building in the town.
(= it is older th a n all the other buildings)
• W hat is th e lo n g e st river in the world?
• M oney is important but it isn’t th e m o s t im p o r ta n t thing in life.
• Excuse me, where is th e n e a re st bank?
You can use th e o ld est / th e b e st / th e m o s t expensive etc. without a noun:
• Ken is a good player but he isn’t th e b est in the team.
(the b e st = the best player)
superlative + I’ve ever ... / y o u ’ve ever ... etc.
• T he film was very bad. I think it’s th e w o rs t film I’ve ever seen.
• W hat is th e m o s t u n u su a l thing y o u ’ve ever done?
[1 8 6 |
present perfect -I- ev er =>
old er / m o re exp en sive
u n it s 8 6 - 8 7
16 0
£58
155
is 0
J iS
U N IT
89
EXERCISES
89.1
Write sentences with comparatives (older etc.) and superlatives (the oldest etc.).
(b ig /sm all)
(A/D) A Is bigger th a n p .
(A)
A us tbe- b ^ e sfc .
(B )
(lo n g /sh o rt)
(C/A) C is ..
(D)
D is ..
(B)
B .....
A.
(y o u n g /o ld )
(D /C ) D ....
(B)
(C)
.........
(ex p en siv e/ch eap )
(D/A) .....................
(C)
.....................
(A)
.....................
RESTAURANT B
fxcttU nt
Yiot bad
RESTAURANT D
otwfuX
restau ran t a
restaurant c
89.2
goo cL
but nob
u io h c fe rfa l
(g o o d /b a d )
(A/C) .......
(A)
(D )
........
Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).
This building is very old. It’s...................................... ... . in the town.
It was a very happy day. It w as....................................................................... of my life.
It’s a very good film. It’s ....................................................................... I’ve ever seen.
She’s a very popular singer. She’s .......................................................................in the country.
It was a very bad mistake. It w as....................................................................... I’ve ever made.
6 It’s a very pretty village. It’s ....................................................................... I’ve ever seen.
7 It was a very cold day. It w as
o f the year.
8 H e’s a very boring person. H e’s ....................................................................... I’ve ever met.
1
2
3
4
5
89.3
Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.).
Sydney
Everest
Alaska
1
Brazil
Jupiter
the Nik-
large
long
high
country
tv
river
planet
state
mountain
the USA
Africa
the world
the solar system
South America
j'S t b e L argest c ity i n . A w stralia,.
2 E v erest................................................................
3
4
5
6
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
[1 8 7 ]
enough
She can’t buy a sandwich.
She hasn’t got e n o u g h m o n e y .
H e can’t reach the shelf.
H e isn’t tall en o u g h .
e n o u g h + noun (en o u g h m o n e y / e n o u g h p e o p le etc.)
• ‘Is there e n o u g h su g ar in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
• We wanted to play football but we didn’t have e n o u g h players.
• W hy don’t you buy a car? You’ve got e n o u g h m o n e y , (not ‘money enough’)
e n o u g h without a noun:
• I’ve got some money but not e n o u g h to buy a car.
(= I need more m oney to buy a car)
• ‘Would you like some more to eat?’ ‘No, thanks. I’ve had e n o u g h .’
• You’re always at hom e. You don’t go out e n o u g h .
adjective + e n o u g h (good e n o u g h / tall e n o u g h etc.)
• ‘Shall we sit outside?’ ‘No, it isn’t w a rm e n o u g h .’ (not ‘enough w arm ’)
• Can you hear the radio? Is it lo u d e n o u g h for you?
• D on’t buy that coat. It’s nice but it isn’t lo n g e n o u g h . (= it’s too short)
Rem em ber:
e n o u g h + noun
but
adjective + e n o u g h
e n o u g h money
e n o u g h time
e n o u g h people
D
[1 8 8 |
tall e n o u g h
good e n o u g h
old e n o u g h
We say:
e n o u g h fo r (somebody/something)
• This pullover isn’t b ig e n o u g h fo r m e.
• 1 haven’t got e n o u g h m o n e y fo r a car.
e n o u g h to (do something)
• I haven’t got e n o u g h m o n e y to b u y a car.
(not ‘for buy a car’)
• Is your English g o o d e n o u g h to have a
conversation? (not ‘for have’)
e n o u g h fo r (somebody/something)
to (do something)
• T here aren’t e n o u g h ch airs fo r e v e ry b o d y
to sit down.
to ... and fo r ... =>
UNIT
53
to o =>
UNIT
91
U N IT
gg
EXERCISES
90.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + one of these words:
ch airs
m oney
p a in t
w in d
1 She hasn’t got
...™ney....
2 There aren’t ..................................
90.2
3 She hasn’t got
4 There isn’t .....
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use one of these adjectives + enough:
b ig
lo n g
stro n g
taH
1
1 He
,.e«pugh.^
2 The car ..........................
90.3
Complete the sentences. Use enough with one of these words:
b ig
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
90.4
3 His legs aren’t
4 H e ..................
eat
fru it
4©ud
o ld
p ra c tise
su g a r
tim e
tire d
‘Is there enough sugar in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
Can you hear the radio? Is it
for you?
He can leave school if he wants —he’s ...........................................................
D id you h av e.......................................................... to answer all the questions in the exam?
This house isn’t .......................................................... for a large family.
Tina is very thin. She doesn’t ...........................................................
You don’t e a t .............................................................You should eat more - it’s good for you.
It’s late but I don’t want to go to bed now. I’m n o t .......
Lisa isn’t a very good tennis player because she doesn’t .
Complete the sentences. Use enough with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
We haven’t g o t..ewowsh.money..to buy a car.
This knife isn’t ...................................................................... tomatoes.
T he water wasn’t
a bath.
Have we got ...................................................................... sandwiches?
Wc played well but n o t ...................................................................... the game.
6 I don’t h av e.......................................................
newspapers.
(money / buy)
(sharp / cut)
(warm / have)
(bread / make)
(well / win)
(time / read)
U N IT
91
too
His shoes are to o b ig for him.
B
to o + adjective / adverb (too b ig / to o h a rd etc.)
• Can you turn the radio down?
It’s to o lo ud. (= louder than I want)
• I can’t work. I’m to o tired.
• l think you work to o h ard .
to o m u c h / to o m an y —more than you want, more than is good:
• I don’t like the weather here. There is to o m u c h rain . (= more rain than is good)
• Let’s go to another restaurant. There are to o m a n y p e o p le here.
• Emily studies all the time. I think she studies to o m u c h .
• Traffic is a problem in this town. There are to o m a n y cars.
Com pare to o and n o t e n o u g h :
• The hat is to o b ig for him.
• T he hat isn’t b ig e n o u g h
for him. (= it’s to o sm all)
• The radio is to o lo ud.
Can you turn it down,
please?
• T he radio isn’t lo u d
e n o u g h . Can you turn it
up, please?
• T here’s to o m u c h su g a r
in my coffee. (= more
sugar than I want)
• T here’s n o t e n o u g h
su g a r in my coffee.
(= I need m ore sugar)
n o t b ig e n o u
• You’re very thin. You d o n ’t eat en o u g h .
to o b ig
• I don’t feel very well. I ate to o m u c h .
We say:
[190]
to o ... fo r (somebody/something)
• These shoes are to o b ig fo r m e.
• It’s a small house - to o sm all fo r a large fam ily.
to o ... to (do something)
• I’m to o tire d to go out. (not ‘for go out’)
• It’s to o co ld to sit outside.
to o ... fo r (somebody/something)
to (do something)
• She speaks to o fast fo r m e to u n d e rsta n d .
to and for :
UNIT 5 3
m u c h / m a n y =>
UNIT 8 2
e n o u g h =>
UNIT 9 0
U N IT
91
EXERCISES
91.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + one of these words:
b ig
c ro w d e d
fast
heavy
lo u d
1 The radio is ty o \£>ud,.
2 The box i s
3 The net is .....................................................
91.2
6
7
8
9
10
11
6
She’sd riv in g ..
The ball i s .......
The restaurant
is
You’re always at home. You don’t go out PTP^gb .
I don’t like the weather here. T here’s
rain.
I can’t wait for them. I haven’t g o t ..............................time.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There w e re ............................. people.
You’re always tired. I think you w o rk ............................. hard.
‘Did you have............................. to eat?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
You d rin k .............................coffee. It’s not good for you.
You don’t e a t
vegetables. You should eat more.
I don’t like the weather here. It’s ............................. cold.
O ur team didn’t, play well. We m ad e ............................. mistakes.
‘W ould you like some milk in your tea?’ ‘Yes, but n o t ..............................’
Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
91 .4
4
5
Put in too / too much / too many / enough.
1
2
3
4
5
91.3
low
I couldn’t work. I ..W.PrP.i-PP^ .^ 4 '.>
Can you turn the radio up, please? It
.:.
I don’t want to walk home. It’s .................................................................................
D o n ’t buy anything in that shop. It .........................................................................
You can’t put all your thingsin this bag. I t ..............................................................
I couldn’t do the exercise. I t ....................................................................................
Your work needs to be better. It .............................................................................
I can’t talk to you now. I ..........................................................................................
I thought the film was boring. I t ..............................................................................
(tired)
(loud)
(far)
(expensive)
(big)
(difficult)
(good)
(busy)
(long)
Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to (do something).
1
2
3
4
5
(I’m not going out / cold)
(I’m not going to bed / early)
(they’re not getting married / young)
(nobody goes out at night / dangerous)
(don’t phone Ann now / late)
6 (I didn’t say anything / surprised)
(bp.fP.P PP(4; M.SP PYf-....
It’s ............................................................... ...............
T hey’r e ......................................................................
It’s ...............................................................................
It’s...............................................................................
I was ..........................................................................
[1 91]
U N IT
92
He speaks English very well,
(word order 1)
verb + object
Sue
reads a n e w sp a p e r
subject
verb
every day.
object
T he verb (reads) and the object (a n ew sp ap er) are
usually together. We say:
• Sue reads a n e w sp a p e r every day.
(not ‘Sue reads every day a newspaper.’)
A N E W S P A P E R (O B JE C T )
verb + object
He speaks E nglish very well,
(not ‘He speaks very well English.’)
I like Ita lia n fo o d very much,
Did you w atch
We in v ited
television all evening?
W hy do you always m a k e
I’m going to b o rro w
(not ‘Did you watch all evening ... ?’)
a lo t o f p e o p le to the party
Paul often w ears a b lac k hat.
I opened
(not ‘I like very m uch . . . ’)
(not ‘We invited to the party ... ’)
(not ‘Paul wears often ... j
th e d o o r quietly.
th e sa m e m istake?
so m e m o n e y from the bank.
place and time
We went to a p a rty last n ig h t.
place
time
Place (to a party ) is usually before time (last nig h t). We say:
• We went to a p a rty last n ig h t, (not ‘We went last night to a party.’)
place
(where?)
time
(when? how long? how often?)
Liz walks
to w o rk
every day.
Will you be
at hom e
this evening?
to b e d
early,
a t th e a ir p o r t
a t 7 o ’clock.
1 usually go
We arrived
T hey’ve lived
Jim ’s father has been
[1 9 2 ]
word order in questions :
u n its 4 3 - 4 5
(not ‘ ... this evening at hom e?’)
(not ‘ ... early to bed’)
in th e sa m e h o u se fo r 20 years.
in h o sp ita l
(not ‘ ... every day to work’)
since Ju n e .
a lw a y s/u su a lly /o ften etc. :
U N IT
92
EXERCISES
92.1
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 Did you watch(~all evening television? ~)
2 Sue reads a newspaper every day.
..Q.K....
.......................................................................
I like very much this picture.
Torn started last week his new job.
........................................................................
I want to speak English fluently.
........................................................................
Jane bought for her friend a present.
........................................................................
I drink ever)' day three cups o f coffee.
.......................................................................
D o n ’t eat your dinner too quickly!
.......................................................................
I borrowed from my brother fifty pounds..............................................................................
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
92.2
Put the words in order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
92.3
(the door / opened / I / quietly)
(two letters / I / this m orning / wrote)
(passed / Paul / easily / the exam)
(Ann / very well / French / doesn’t speak)
(a lot o f work / did / I / yesterday)
(London / do you know / well?)
(we / enjoyed / very much / the party)
(the problem / carefully / I / explained)
(we / at the airport / some friends / met)
(did you buy / in England / that jacket?)
(every day / do / the same thing / we)
(football / don’t like / very m uch / I)
.
.
!
.
.
.
.....
I ......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
Put the words in order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(to work / every day / walks / Liz)
..M*
work every cUy,...
(at the hotel / I / early / arrived)
I ......................................................................
(goes / every year / to Italy / Julia)
Julia ..............................................................
(we / since 1988 / here / have lived)
W e ..................................................................
(in London / Sue / in 1960 / was born) S u e .................................................................
(didn’t go / yesterday / Paul / to work)
P a u l................................................................
(to the bank / yesterday afternoon / w ent / Ann)
A n n ............................................................................................................................................
8 (1 / in bed / this m orning / my breakfast / had)
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
9 (in O ctober / Barbara / to university / is going)
B arb ara......................................................................................................................................
10 (I / a beautiful bird / this m orning / in the garden / saw)
1
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 (many times / have been / my parents / to the U nited States)
M y .............................................................................................................................................
12 (my umbrella / I / last night / left / in the restaurant)
I ..................................................................................................................................................
13 (to the cinema / tom orrow evening / are you going?)
A re .............................................................................................................................................
14 (the children / 1 / took / this m orning / to school)
I ..................................................................................................................................................
[193]
U N IT
93
A
always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
o ften
s o m e tim e s
always
usually
ever
nev er
rarely
se ld o m
also
ju s t
alread y
still
all
b o th
These words (alw ays/never etc.) are often with the verb in the middle o f a sentence:
• My brother nev er speaks to me.
• She’s always late.
• D o you o fte n go to restaurants?
• 1 so m e tim e s c a t too much, (or S o m e tim e s I eat too much.)
• I don’t want to go to the cinema. I’ve alread y seen the film.
• I’ve got three sisters. T hey’re all married.
B
alw ay s/n ev er etc. go before the verb:
1 alw ays go to work by car. (not 'I go always’)
Ann o fte n plays tennis. (not 'Ann plays often tennis’)
You s o m e tim e s lo o k unhappy.
They usually have dinner at 7 o ’clock.
We rarely (or seldom ) w a tc h television.
Richard is a good footballer. He also plays tennis and volleyba
(inot ‘H e plays also tennis’)
• I’ve got three sisters. They all live in London.
•
•
•
•
•
•
verb
always
o ften
never
etc.
g°
1- play
feel
etc.
but alw ay s/n ev er el
•
•
•
•
•
•
am
always
is
are + o fte n
was
never
w ere
etc.
I a m n ev er ill. (not ‘I never am ill’)
They are usually at hom e in the evenings.
It is o fte n very cold here in winter.
W hen I was a child, I w as alw ays late for school.
‘W here’s Linda?’ ‘She’s still in bed.’
I’ve got two brothers. They’re b o th doctors.
a lw ay s/n ev er etc. go between two verbs (have ... b e e n / c a n ... find etc.):
verb 1
will
can
do
etc.
have
has
t'erb 2
always
o fte n
n ev er
etc.
go
find
rem em b er
etc.
gone
been
etc.
a lw a y s /n e v e r + present simple
[194]
b o th => I l|'|i|:j|
still => fffffl
•
•
•
•
•
•
I w ill always r e m e m b e r you.
It d o e s n ’t o fte n rain here.
D o you usually go to work by car?
I c a n n ev er find my keys.
H ave you ever b e e n to Rom e?
A: W here’s Linda?
B: She’s j u s t g o n e out. (she’s = she has)
• A: W here are your friends?
B: T hey’ve all g o n e to the cinema.
ju st/a lrea d y + present perfect =
all
UNITS
79-80
U N IT
93
EXERCISES
93.1
Look at Paul’s answers to the questions and write sentences with often/never etc.
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
93.2
D o you ever play tennis?
D o you get up early?
Are vou ever late for work?
D o you ever get angry?
Do you ever go swimming?
Are you at hom e in the
evenings?
Write these sentences with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
93.3
My brother speaks to me. (never) My brotb er nev ey; sp eaks to tr>e .
Susan is polite, (always) Susan.....................................................................
I finish work at 5 o ’clock, (usually) I .......................................................
Jill has started a new job. (just) J i l l .............................................................
I go to bed before midnight, (rarely) .......................................................
T he bus isn’t late, (usually) .........................................................................
I don’t eat fish, (often) ................................................................................
I will forget what you said, (never) ...........................................................
Have you lost your passport? (ever) ..........................................................
D o you work in the same place? (still) .....................................................
They stay in the same hotel, (always) .......................................................
Diane doesn’t work on Saturdays, (usually) .............................................
Is Tina here? (already) .................................................................................
W hat do you have for breakfast? (usually) ...............................................
I can rem em ber his name, (never) .............................................................
Write sentences with also. Use the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
93.4
Pawl often plays te n n is .
lie ...................................................................
He ...................................................................
Yes, often.
Yes, always.
No, never.
Sometimes.
Yes, often.
Yes, usually.
D o you play football? (tennis)
D o you speak Italian? (French)
Are you tired? (hungry)
Have you been to England? (Ireland)
Did you buy any clothes? (some books)
Yes > aaad. I &Lsp play te n n is .
Yes, and I .....................................
Yes, and .....................................
Yes, .............................................
.....................................................
Write sentences with both and all.
K
I live in London.
I play football.
I’m a student.
I’ve got a car.
I’m married. I was born in England.
I live in N ew York.
I live in London.
I play football.
I’m a student.
I’ve got a car.
They both live in L o n i/m .
T h e y ...................................................football.
...................................................students.
cars.
2 T h e y .................................................married.
T h e y ................................................ England.
[195]
U N IT
still
yet
already
still
THE RAIN H A S N ’T S T O P P E D
An hour ago it was raining.
It is still raining now.
still = something is the same as before:
• I had a lot to eat but I’m still hungry. (= I was hungry before and I’m hungry now)
• ‘Did you sell your car?’ ‘No, I’ve still got it.’
• ‘Do you still live in Barcelona?’ ‘No, I live in M adrid now.’
B
yet
Twenty minutes ago they were
waiting for Bill.
They are still waiting for Bill,
Bill h a s n ’t c o m e yet.
yet = until now:
We use y et in negative sentences (He h a sn ’t come yet.) and in questions (Has h e come yet?).
Yet is usually at the end o f a sentence:
• A: W here’s Diane?
B: She isn’t here yet. (= she will be here but until now she hasn’t come)
• A: W hat are you doing this evening?
B: I d o n ’t know yet. (= 1 will know later but I don’t know at the moment)
• A: Are you ready to go yet?
B: N o t yet. Wait a m om ent. (= I will be ready but I’m not ready at the moment)
• A: Have you finished w ith the newspaper yet?
j5': iV o , f r n stiff reading it.
Compare yet and still:
• She hasn’t gone yet. = She’s still here, (not ‘She is yet here’)
• I haven’t finished eating yet. = I’m still eating.
alread y = earlier than expected:
• ‘W hat time is John arriving?’ ‘H e’s alread y here.’ (= earlier than we expected)
• ‘I’m going to tell you what happened.’ ‘T hat’s not necessary. [ alread y know.’
• Ann doesn’t want to go to the cinema. She has alread y seen the film.
[196]
alrea d y /y et + present perfect =
w ord order (still/already) :
U N IT
94
EXERCISES
94.1
You meet Lisa. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some questions with stiil.
LISA - T W O Y EA R S A G O
4[ I’ve got a.
* motor-bike.
1 ( I plot) tkie pLano.)^
I Live m Clare |
S treet.
5 [ I go to th e
cinema, a. Lot.
3 (Vm a s tu d e n t.)
94.2
1
2
3
4
5
Do you s tilt play th e ptario ?
D o y o u ........................................
Are ..............................................
......................................................
......................................................
6 .................................................
6 (T w a n t to be a t e a c h e r .)
Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example carefully.
before
now
1
(before)
—>
f
t
#
-
(still)
(yet)
-
(before)
—>
^ v Q ^ f o r a .jo b f )
JS ^
(before)
—>
—>
(before)
DINNER
M
94.3
He w a s.
H e .......
. yet.
She
(still)
(yet)
|l|l^
m NN FJ^
(still)
(yet)
...They,. were?
They a r e s till waitin g ,
The. bus h a s n ’t come y et.
J
L
They
(still)
(yet)
Write questions with yet.
1
You and Sue are going out together.You are waiting for her to get ready. Perhaps she is
ready now. You ask her:
y?u.
y^t?
2 You are waiting for Ann to arrive.She wasn’t here ten minutes ago.Perhaps she is here now.
You ask somebody: ................................ A n n ....................................................................................
3 Mary did an exam and is waiting for the results. Perhaps she has her results now.
You ask her: ...................................you...................................................................................................
4 A few days ago you spoke to Tom. H e wasn’t sure w here to go on holiday. Perhaps he has
decided now. You ask him: .................................................................................................................
94.4
Complete the sentences. Use already.
1
2
3
4
5
6
W hat time is John arriving?
Does Ann want to see the film?
1 must see Julia before she goes.
D o you need a pen?
Shall I pay the bill?
Shall I tell Paul about the meeting?
He’s^.Already, here.
No, she Has alre^duj seen jt .
It’s too late. S h e .....................................................
N o thanks. 1....................................................one.
No, it’s OK. 1 .......................................................
No, h e .................................................. I told him.
[1 9 7 ]
U N IT
95
Give me that book!
give
len d
pass
send
Give it to me!
show
After these verbs (g iv e/len d etc.), there are two
possible structures:
(give) s o m e th in g to so m e b o d y :
• I gave th e keys to Liz.
(give) s o m e b o d y so m e th in g :
• I gave L iz th e keys.
(give) s o m e th in g to s o m e b o d y
T hat’s my book.
These are Sue’s keys. Can you
Can you
I
Did you
W e’ve seen these photos. You
Give
give
give
le n t
send
show ed
something
to somebody
it
them
these flowers
my car
a postcard
them
to
to
to
to
to
to
me.
her?
your m other?
a friend o f mine,
Kate?
us.
(give) so m e b o d y s o m e th in g
Tom
1
How much m oney did you
I
Linda
Can you
Give
gave
le n t
lend
sent
show ed
pass
somebody
something
me
his m other
John
him?
you
us
me
that book. It’s mine,
some flowers,
some money.
a postcard. Did you receive it?
her holiday photos,
the salt, please?
You can also say ‘b u y /g e t somebody som ething’:
• I b o u g h t my m other some flowers. (= I bought some flowers fo r my mother.)
• Can you g e t me a newspaper w hen you go out? (= get a newspaper fo r me)
D
Compare:
• I gave the keys to Liz.
I gave L iz the keys. (but not ‘I gave to Liz the keys.’)
• T hat’s my book. Can you give it to m e?
Can you give m e that book? (but not ‘give to me that book’)
Wc prefer the first structure (give som ething to somebody) w hen the thing is it or th em :
• 1 gave it to her. (not ‘I gave her it’)
• Here are the keys. Give th e m to y o u r fath er, (not ‘Give your father them ’)
[1 9 8 ]
it /h im /t h e m etc. =>
UNIT
58
U N IT
95
EXERCISES
95.1
Mark had some
things that he
didn’t want. He
gave them to
different people.
Write sentences beginning He gave ....
1
2
3
4
5
W hat did Mark do with the armchair?
W hat did he do w ith the tennis racket?
W hat happened to the books?
W hat about the lamp?
W hat did he do with the pictures?
6 And the ladder?
95.2
He gave i t to his brother....
H e gave........................................................
He............................................... ...................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
........................................................................
You wanted to give presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures.
Write a sentence for each person.
JOANNA
I’AUL
R IC H A R D
1
I gave P au l a. book.
2 I gave ...........................
3 I ...................................
95.3
K EV IN
RACHEL
4
5
6
Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? / Can you pass me ... ? etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
95.4
D IA N E
(you want the salt)
(you need an umbrella)
(you want my address)
(you need ten pounds)
(you want some information)
(you want to see the letter)
(you want some stamps)
(pass)
(lend)
(give)
(lend)
(send)
(show)
(get)
Ccw you pass me. the s a lt?
Can y o u .......................................
C a n ..................................... your
Which is right?
1 4-gave -te Liz th e kevs^/ 1 gave Liz the keys.
I gave Liz the keys is right
2 I’ll lend to you some money if you want. / I’ll lend you some m oney if you want.
3 Did you send the letter m e? / Did you send the letter to m e?
4 I want to buy for you a present. / I want to buy you a present.
5 Can you pass to me the sugar, please?/ Can you pass me the sugar, please?
6 This is A nn’s bag. Can you give it to her? / Can you give her it?
7 I showed to the policeman my identity card. / I showed the policeman my identity card.
[1 9 9 1
U N IT
K
at 8 o’clock
kj
A
on Monday
in April
at
8 o ’clock
10.30
m idnight etc.
• I start work a t 8 o ’clock.
• T he shops close a t 5.30.
on
Sunday(s) / Monday(s) etc.
25 April / 6 June etc.
N ew Year’s Day etc.
• Goodbye! See you o n F riday.
• I don’t work o n Sundays.
• T he concert is o n 22 N o v e m b e r.
in
April/June etc.
1985/1750 etc.
sum m er/spring etc.
• I’m going on holiday in O c to b e r.
• Emma left school in 1993.
• The garden is lovely in sp ring.
on
/tA,n nft A ft >1
A PRIL,
A llT l M m lF lS /S
-—
/ 2 3 -f
S (, 7 8 S 10 It
I*. 13 ( 4 15- I t n t s
19 30 Zl 22 23 11,2s
It 21 2t 22 3031
B
We say:
at
at
at
at
at
th e w eekend
n ig h t
C h ristm a s / a t E a ste r
th e e n d o f . . .
th e m o m e n t
•
•
•
•
•
Are you going away a t th e w eekend?
I can’t sleep a t n ig h t.
Where wall you be a t C hristm as? (but o n Christmas Day)
I’m going on holiday a t th e e n d o f October.
Are you busy a t th e m o m e n t?
in th e m o rn in g / in th e a fte rn o o n / in th e e v en in g
• I always feel good in th e m o rn in g .
• D o you often go out in th e evening?
but
on M onday m o rn in g / on Tuesday a fte rn o o n / on Friday evening / o n Saturday n ig h t etc.:
• I’m m eetingjill on M o n d a y m o rn in g .
• Are you doing anything o n S a tu rd a y evening?
We do not use a t / o n / i n before:
this ... (this m o rn in g / this w eek etc.)
last ... (last A u g u st / last w eek etc.)
n e x t ... (next M o n d ay / n e x t w eek etc.)
every ... (every day / every w eek etc.)
E
in five m in u te s / in a few days / in six w eeks / in tw o years etc.
c = 0
now
[200]
• Are you going out this evening?
• T he garden was lovely last s u m m e r.
• I’m going on holiday n e x t M onday.
(not ‘on next M onday’)
in /a t/o n (places)
in five m in u te s
u n its 99-100
• Hurry! T he train leaves in five m in u te s.
(= it leaves five minutes from now)
• Goodbye! I’ll see you in a few days.
(— a few days from now)
U N IT
96
EXERCISES
-s 96.1
Write at/on/in.
on ... 6 June
... the evening
m
... half past two
........ ... Wednesday
........ .. 1987
........ ... September
\
2
3
4
5
6
96.2
8
9
10
11
12
... .......24 September
... .......Thursday
... .......11.45
... .......Christmas Day
... .......Christmas
... .......the m orning
13
14
15
16
17
18
... .......Friday m orning
... .......Saturday night
... .......night
... .......the end o f the day
... .......the weekend
... .......winter
Write at/on/in.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
96.3
7
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Goodbye! See you ...9.1? Friday.
W here were y o u
28 February?
! got u p
8 o’clock this m orning.
1 like getting up early
the m orning.
My sister got m a rrie d .......... May.
Diane and I first m e t
1979.
Did you go o u t .......... Tuesday?
Did you go o u t .......... Tuesday evening?
D o you often go o u t
the evening?
Let’s m e e t
7.30 tom orrow evening.
1 often go aw ay
the weekend.
I’m starting my new j o b ............3July.
We often go to the b each
summer.
George isn’t h e re ............the m om ent.
Julia’s birthday is
January.
D o you w o rk
Saturdays?
T he company started
1969.
I like to look at the stars..........night.
I’ll send you the m o n e y .......... the end
o f the m onth.
Look at Lisa’s diary for next week and complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
Lisa is going to the cinema ..9.1?
?:Y£l?i*?9.:..
She has to phone C h r is .....................................................
She isn’t doing anything special .......................................
She’s got a driving lesson ..................................................
She’s going to a p a rty .........................................................
6 She’s meeting S a m ..............................................................
96.4
Write sentences with in ....
1
2
3
4
96.5
It’s 17.25 now. The train leaves at 17.30.
It’s Monday today. I’ll phone you on Thursday.
Today is 14June. My exam is on 28 June.
It’s 3 o ’clock now. Tom will be here at 3.30.
The brabr\ leaves
I’l l .......................................................... days.
M y ........................................................
T o m ......................................................
Write at/on/in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
I’m leaving .211 Friday.
I’m leaving .~... next Friday, (no preposition)
I always feel tire d ............the evening.
Will you be at h o m e
this evening?
We went to F ran ce
last summer.
6 Laura was b o r n
1975.
7 W hat are you d o in g
the weekend?
8 I phone R o b e r t
every Sunday.
next Sunday?
9 Shall we play te n n is
I
can’t
go
to
the
p
a
rty
Sunday.
10
an hour.
11 I’m going out. I’ll be b a c k
12 I don’t often go o u t ...........night.
[2 0 1 ]
0
fro m ...to
until
since
for
fro m ... to ...
• We lived in Canada fro m 1982 to 1990.
• I work fro m Monday to Friday.
You can also say fro m ... u n til
• We lived in Canada fro m 1982 u n til 1990.
from Monday to Friday
Moriday
Fricay
u n til + the end o f a period
u n til F rid a y
u n til D e c e m b e r
u n til 3 o ’c lo c k
u n til I c o m e b ack
• They’re going away tomorrow. T hey’ll be away u n til F riday.
• 1 went to bed early but I wasn’t tired. I read a book u n til 3 o ’clock.
• Wait here u n til I c o m e back.
un^ Friday
You can also say till (= until):
• W iit here till I come back.
Compare:
• ‘H o w lo n g will you be away?’ ‘U n til Monday.’
• ‘W h e n are you com ing back?’ ‘O n Monday.’
Frioay
since + a time in the past (to now)
since M o n d ay
since 1968
since 2.30
sint e I a rriv e d
We use since after the present perfect (have b e e n / have d o n e etc.):
• John is in hospital. H e has been in hospital
since M onday. (= from Monday to now)
since Monday
• Mr and Mrs Kelly have been m arried since
1968. (from 1968 to now)
• It has been raining since I a rriv ed .
Moriday
Compare:
• We lived in Canada fro m 1982 to 1990.
We lived in Canada u n til 1990.
• N ow we live in France. We came to France in 199( ).
Wc have lived in France since 1990. (= from 1990 until now)
nc)W
We use fo r (not since) + a period o f time (three days / ten years etc.):
• John has been in hospital fo r th re e days. (not ‘sine e three days’)
fo r + a period o f time
fo r th re e days
•
•
•
•
[2 0 2 1
fo r te n y ears
fo r te n m in u te s
George stayed with us fo r th re e days.
I’m going away fo r a few w eeks.
I’m going away fo r th e w eekend.
They’ve been married fo r te n years.
present perfect -I- fo r /sin c e :
fo r a lo n g tim e
for three days
Monday
-
Tuesday
-
present perfect (I have lived) and past simple (I lived) :
Wednesday
U N IT
97
EXERCISES
97.1
Read the information about these people and complete the sentences. Use fro m ... to / u n til/ s in c e .
ALICE
I live in England now.
I live d In C anad a
before.
I come to England In
1990.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
live in Switzerland
now.
1 work In a
restaurant now.
lived in France
before.
worked In a Hotel
before.
came to Switzerland
In 1991.
started work In the
restaurant in 1993.
(Alex / Canada / 1982 -1990)
(Alex / Canada / —> 1990)
(Alex / England / 1990 —>)
(Alice / France / —> 1991)
(Alice / Switzerland / 1991 —>)
(Carol / a hotel / 1990 -1993)
(Carol / a restaurant / 1993 —>)
(Gerry / a teacher / 1983 —1989)
(Gerry / a salesman / 1989 —>)
I’m a salesm an now.
I was a teacHer
before.
I started work as a
salesm an In 1989.
Alex lived
in C an ad a from 198Z to 1990.
Alex lived in C anada............................ 1990.
Alex has lived in England ..................................
Alice lived in .......................................................
Alice has lived in .................................................
Carol w o rk e d .................................. 1990 .........
Carol has w o rk e d ................................................
G erry was a ..........................................................
G errv has been ....................................................
Now write sentences with for.
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
97.2
(Alex / Canada)
(Alex / England)
(Alice / Switzerland)
(Carol / a hotel)
(Carol / restaurant)
(Gerry / a teacher)
(Gerry / a salesman)
Alex Uvecl in Conad^ for ^ H t years.
Alex has lived in E n g la n d .............................
Alice h a s ..........................................................
Carol worked .................................................
Carol ................................................................
Gerry ...............................................................
G e r r y ...............................................................
Put in until/since/for.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
Mr and Mrs Kelly have been m arried AtOPA 1968.
I was tired this m orning. I stayed in b e d ........................ 10 o ’clock.
We waited for S u e ........................half an hour but she didn’t come.
‘Have you just arrived?’ ‘No, I’ve been h e re ........................half past seven.’
‘H ow long did you stay at the party last night?’ ‘........................midnight.’
David and I are good friends. Wehaveknown each o th e r ......................... ten years.
I’m tired. I’m going to lie d o w n ..................... a few minutes.
D on’t open the door o f the tra in ..................... the train stops.
This is my house. I’ve lived h e re ........................ 1 was seven years old.
Jack has gone away. H e ’ll be aw ay...................... Wednesday.
Next week I’m going to Paris........................three days.
1 usually finish work at 5.30, but sometimes I w o rk ........................six.
‘How long have you known Ann?’ ‘
we were at school together.’
Where have you been? I’ve been waiting for y o u ...................... twenty minutes.
[2 0 3 ]
before
after
b efo re
during
while
d u r in g
b e fo re the film
a fte r
d u rin g the film
a fte r the film
• Everybody is nervous b e fo re exam s.
• I went to sleep d u rin g th e film .
• We were tired a fte r o u r visit to the museum.
a fter
w hile
before
w h ile we were playing
b efo re we played
a fte r we played
• D on’t forget to close the w indow b e fo re you go out.
• J often go to sleep w h ile I ’m w a tc h in g television.
• They went hom e a fte r th ey d id the shopping.
d u rin g , w hile and fo r
We use d u rin g + noun (during th e film ). Wc use w hile + verb (while I’m w atching):
• We didn’t speak d u rin g th e m eal.
but
• We didn’t speak w hile w e w ere e a tin g . (not ‘during we were eating’)
Use fo r (not ‘during’) + a period o f time (three days / tw o h o u rs / a year etc.):
• We played tennis fo r tw o h o u rs. (not ‘during two hours’)
• 1 lived in London fo r a year, (not ‘during a year’)
You can use b e fo r e /a f te r + -in g (before going / a fte r eating etc.):
• I always have breakfast b e fo re g oing to work. (= before I go to work)
• A fter doing the shopping, they w ent home. (= after they did)
D o not. say ‘before to go’, ‘after to do’ etc.:
• B efo re eating the apple, I washed it carefully. (not ‘before to eat’)
• I started work a fte r reading the newspaper, (not ‘after to read’)
past continuous (I w as -in g )
b e f o r e /a f te r /w h ile /w h e n =
imwmt
UNIT 1 1 0
ro r:
prepositions + - i n g ;
UNIT 105
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
before
after
during
while
+
the concert
the course
the end
the exam
lunch
the night
they went to Australia
you are waiting
1
2
3
4
5
6
Everybody was nervous
.....
I usually work four hours in the m orning, and another two h o u r s ..............................................
T he film was very boring. We le f t......................................................................................................
Ann w ent to evening classes to learn German. She learnt a l o t .....................................................
M y aunt and uncle lived in L o n d o n ...................................................... .,...........................................
A: Somebody broke a w in d o w ............................................................... Did you hear anything?
B: No. I was asleep all the time.
7 Would you like to sit d o w n ................................................................................................................ ?
8 ‘Are you going h o m e ............................................................?’ ‘N o, w e’re going to a restaurant.’
Putin during/while/for.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
We didn’t speak .whM#.... we were eating.
We didn’t speak 4411.919... the meal.
George p h o n e d ...................... you were out.
I stayed in R o m e ........................five days.
Sally wrote a lot o f letters
she was on holiday.
The students looked very b o re d ...................... the lesson.
I fell out o f b e d ........................I was asleep.
Yesterday evening I watched T V ........................three hours.
I don’t usually watch T V ........................the day.
D o you ever watch T V ........................you are having dinner?
Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
After doing the shopping, they went home.
1 felt sick a fte r............................too m uch chocolate.
I’m going to ask you a question. Think carefully b e fo re .............................it.
I felt awful when I got up this morning. I felt better a fte r............................. a shower.
A fter
my work, I left the office and w ent home.
B efore.............................to a foreign country, it’s a good idea to learn a few words o f the
language.
Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing.
1 They did the shopping. Then they w ent home.
After doing tfie shopping, they w ent Horae.
2 John left school. Then he worked in a bookshop for two years.
John w o rk ed ............................................................................................................................................
3 I read a few pages o f my book. T hen I went to sleep.
B e fo re ......................................................................................................................................................
4 We walked for three hours. We were very tired.
A fte r.........................................................................................................................................................
5 Let’s have a cup o f coffee. T hen w e’ll go out.
Let’s ..........................................................................................................................................................
U N IT
in
at
on
(places 1)
m
i
i ti
/
in
in
in
in
a room
a shop
a car
the water
in
in
in
in
a garden
a town
the city centre
France
‘W here’s David?’ In th e k itc h e n . / In th e g ard en . / In L o n d o n .’
W hat’s in th a t b o x / in th a t b a g / in th a t c u p b o a rd ?
Angela works in a sh o p / in a b a n k / in a fac to ry .
1 had a swim in th e riv er / in th e sea.
Milan is in th e n o r th o f Italy.
1 live in a to w n hut I want to live in th e c o u n try .
B
a t the bus stop
a t the door
a t the traffic lights
• T here’s somebody a t th e bus sto p / a t th e d o o r.
• The car is waiting a t th e traffic lights.
• Julia is working a t h e r desk.
a t her desk
a t the top (of the page)
a t th e to p / a t th e b o tto m / a t th e e n d (o f...):
• W rite your name a t th e to p o f th e page.
• My house is a t th e e n d o f th e street.
on
on
on
on
on
•
•
•
•
a shelf
a plate
a balcony
the floor etc.
o n a wall
o n a door
o n the ceiling etc.
There are some books o n the s h e lf and some pictures o n th e wall.
There are a lot o f apples o n th o se trees.
D on’t sit o n th e grass. It’s wet.
There is a stamp o n th e envelope.
stamp
also o n a h o rse / o n a b icy c le / o n a m o to r-b ik e :
• W ho is that m an o n th e m o to r-b ik e ?
1206]
in /a t/o n (places 2):
UNIT 1 0 0
th e to p / th e b o tt o m etc. =>
UNIT 6 9
a t / o n / i n (time) =>
UNIT 9 6
U N IT
99
EXERCISES
99.1
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on + the words in brackets (...).
(the kitchen)
(tire box)
(the pool)
(the window)
1
2
3
4
5
Where is he? J n . f y e . k i^ e n .....
W here are the shoes? .................................
W here is the pen? ......................................
W here is the clock? ...................................
W here is the bus? .......................................
6 W here are the horses?................................
\
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
are they standing?
is she swimming?
is he standing? .....
is the spider? .......
is he sitting? ........
is she sitting? ......
Put in in/at/on.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
D on’t sit Pn the grass. It’s wet.
W hat have you g o t
your bag?
Look! T here’s a m a n
the roof. W hat’s he doing?
There are a lot o f fish
this river.
O ur house is num ber 45 - the num ber i s
the door.
‘Is the cinema near here?’ ‘Yes, turn le f t.......... the traffic lights.’
1 usually do my shopping
the city centre.
My sister lives
Brussels.
T here’s a small p a rk
the top o f the hill.
I think I heard the doorbell. T here’s so m ebody
the door.
M unich is a large c ity t he south
o f Germany.
There are a few shops.t he end o f the street.
It’s difficult to carry a lot o f th in g s............a bicycle.
I looked at the list o f names. My name w as
the bottom o f the list.
There is a m irro r
the w all
the living room.
.
99.2
7
8
9
10
1I
12
[2 0 7 ]
*IJ
in
at
on
(places 2)
in bed
• ‘W here’s Kate?’
‘She’s in b ed.’
in hospital / in prison
• David’s father is ill. H e’s in h o sp ita l.
in a street
• I live in a small s tre e t near the station.
in the sky
• I like to look at the stars in th e sky at night.
in the world
• W hat’s the largest city in th e w orld?
in a newspaper / in a book
• 1 read about the accident in th e n ew sp ap er.
in a photograph / in a picture
• You look sad in th is p h o to g ra p h .
in a car / in a taxi
• Did you come here in y o u r car?
in the middle (o f...)
• T here’s a big tree in th e m id d le o f the garden.
a t home
• Will you be a t h o m e this evening?
a t work / a t school
• ‘W here’s Kate?’
at university / a t college
• H elen is studying law a t university.
a t the station / a t the airport
• Do you want me to m eet you a t th e station?
‘She’s a t w o rk .’
a t Jane’s (house) / a t my sister’s (house) / a t the doctor’s / a t the hairdresser’s etc.
• ‘W here were you yesterday?’ ‘A t m y siste r’s.’
• I saw Tom a t th e d o c to r ’s.
a t a concert / a t a party / a t a football match etc.
• There w eren’t many people a t th e p a rty .
O ften it is possible to use in or a t for buildings (hotels, restaurants etc.):
• We stayed a t a nice hotel, or We stayed in a nice hotel.
o n the first floor
on the way from A to B
o n a bus / o n a train / o n a plane / o n a ship
• Did you come here o n th e bus?
o n the ground floor / o n the first floor etc.
• T he office is o n th e first floor, (not ‘in the first floor’)
o n th e w ay (to ...) / 011 th e w ay hom e
• I m et Ann o n th e w ay to work / o n th e w ay home.
[208]
in /a t /o n (places 1) :
UNIT 9 9
t o / i n / a t =>
1UNIT 1 0 1
o n th e le f t/r ig h t =>
IUNIT 1 0 2
U N IT
100
EXERCISES
■1
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on + the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
W here
W here
Where
W here
W here
6 W here
is she? .iH.h.psfrfaL...
are they? ........................................
is he? ..............................................
are they? ........................................
are the stars? ...................................
are they? ........................................
7 W here is Brian? ............
8 W here is the restaurant?
9 W here is she?...................
10 W here are they?...............
11 W here are they? ............
12 W here are they?...............
Put in in/at/on.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Helen is studying law .!*£.. university.
There was a hig tab le
the middle o f the room.
W hat is the longest riv e r......... the world?
Were there many p e o p le ......... the concert last night?
Will you b e
hom e tom orrow afternoon?
W ho is that m a n
this photograph? D o you know him?
W here are your children? Are th e y ...........school?
George is com ing by train. I’m going to m eet him
the station.
Charlie i s
hospital. H e ’s going to have an operation tomorrow.
How many pages are th e re
this book?
‘Are you hungry after your journey?’
‘No, I had a m e a l........... the train.’
I’m sorry I’m late. M y car broke d o w n
the way here.
‘Is Tom here?’ ‘No, he’s ........his brother’s.’
D on’t believe everything you s e e
the newspaper!
I walked to work but I came h o m e ...........the bus.
[2 0 9 ]
U N IT
101
to
in
at
(places 3)
A
i n /a t (=> Units 99—100)
g o /c o m e /r e tu r n /w a lk ('tic.) to ...
To L o d o n —
b e /s ta y /d o s o m e th in g (etc.) in ...
*-
• W e’re g o in g to L o n d o n next week.
• I want to go to Italy.
• We w alked from my house to th e city
c en tre.
• W hat time do you go to bed?
• Piccadilly Circus is in L o n d o n .
• My brother lives in Italy.
• T he m ain shops a re in th e city c e n tre.
• I like re a d in g in bed.
b e /s t a y /d o s o m e th in g (etc.) a t ...
•
•
•
•
B
The bus is g o in g to th e a irp o rt.
Sally didn’t go to w o rk yesterday.
I w e n t to a p a rty last night.
You must c o m e to o u r h o u se.
T he bus is a t th e a irp o rt.
Ann w asn ’t a t w o rk yesterday.
I m e t h e r a t a party.
Ann stayed a t h e r b r o th e r ’s house.
hom e
g o /c o m e /w a lk (etc.) h o m e (w ith o u t‘to'):
b e /s ta y /d o s o m e th in g (etc.) a t h o m e:
• I’m tired. I’m g o in g h o m e . (not ‘to hom e’) • I’m stay in g a t h o m e this evening.
• ‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘A t h o m e .’
• Did you w alk hom e?
a rriv e and g et
a rriv e in a country or town (arriv e in Italy / a rriv e in P aris etc.):
• They a rriv e d in E n g la n d last week, (not ‘arrived to England')
a rriv e a t other places (arrive a t th e s ta tio n / a rriv e a t w o rk etc.):
• W hat time did you a rriv e a t th e hotel? (not ‘arrive to the hotel’)
g e t to (a place):
• W hat time did you g e t to th e hotel?
• W hat time did you g e t to Paris?
g e t h o m e / a rriv e h o m e (no preposition):
• I was tired when I g o t h o m e , or I was tired when I a rriv e d h o m e .
[2 1 0 ]
b een to :
UNIT 1 7
g e t (to ...)= >
UNIT 5 5
m / a t => UNITS 9 9 - 1 0 0
U N IT
101
EXERCISES
101.1
Write to or in.
1 I like reading m bed.
2 W ere g o in g
Italy next month.
3 Sue is on holiday
Italy at the
m oment.
4 I must g o
the bank today.
101.2
Write to or at if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
101.3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
101.5
Paula didn’t go .&> work yesterday.
I’m tired. I’m going . 7. .. home, (no preposition)
Ann is not very well. She has g o n e
the doctor.
Would you like to c o m e
a party on Saturday?
‘Is L iz
hom e?’ ‘N o, she’s g o n e
work.’
There were 20,000 p e o p le .......... the football match.
Why did you g o
hom e early last night?
A boy jum ped into the river and sw am
the other side.
There were a lot o f people w aitin g
the bus stop.
We had a good m ea l
a restaurant and then we w ent b a c k
the hotel.
Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
101.4
5 I was tired, so I stayed............bed late.
6 W hat time do you usually g o
bed?
7 Does this bus g o
the centre?
8 Would you like to liv e ............another
country?
I’m not going out this afternoon. I’m staying 9 ^ home.
We’re g o in g .......... a concert tom orrow evening.
I w e n t.......... N ew York last year.
H ow long did you stay
N ew York?
Next year we hope to g o ...........Canada to visit some friends.
Shall we g o
the cinema this evening?
Is there a restaurant
the station?
After the accident three people were ta k e n
hospital.
How often do you g o
the dentist?
‘Is Diane here?’ ‘No, she’s
A nn’s.’
My house i s .......... the end o f the street on the left.
I w e n t...........M ary’s house but she wasn’t
home.
There were no taxis, so we had to w a lk
home.
‘W hat did you stu d y
university?’ ‘I didn’t g o
university.’
Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1 W hat time do you usually g e t ............work?
2 W hat time do you usually g e t ............home?
3 W hat time did you a rriv e
the party?
4 W hen did you a rriv e
London?
5 W hat time does the train g e t
Paris?
6 We arrived
hom e very late.
Complete these sentences about yourself. Use to/in/at.
1
2
3
4
5
At three o ’clock this m orning I was ...irP
...
Yesterday 1 w e n t ....................................................
At 11 o ’clock yesterday m orning I was .............
O ne day I’d like to g o ...........................................
I don’t like g o in g ...................................................
6 At 9 o ’clock yesterday evening I w as..................
[ 2 1 11
U N IT
102
A
under
behind
(prepositions)
opposite etc.
n e x t to (or beside) / b e tw e e n / in fro n t o f / b e h in d
A is n e x t to B. or A is b esid e B.
B is b e tw e en A and C.
D is in fro n t o f B.
E is b e h in d B.
also
A is o n th e left.
C is o n th e rig h t.
B is in th e m id d le (of the group).
o p p o site / in fro n t o f
A is sitting in fro n t o f B
A is sitting o p p o site C.
C is sitting o p p o s ite A.
by (= next to / beside)
• O ur house is by th e sea. (= beside the sea)
• W ho is that m an by th e w indow ?
• ‘Is there a public phone here?’ ‘Yes, by th e d o o r.’
by the window
• T he cat is u n d e r th e table.
• T he girl is standing u n d e r a tree.
• I’m wearing a jacket u n d e r m y c o a t.
u n d e r the table
u n d e r a tree
above and below
A is above th e line.
(= higher than the line)
T he shelves are below
th e p ictu res.
B is b e lo w th e line.
(= lower than the line)
u p /o v e r /th r o u g h etc. :
UNIT 1 0 3
i>
The pictures are above
th e shelves.
UNIT 1 0 4
EXERCISES
102
Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences.
Colin is standing
.. Frank.
Frank is sittin g .......................Emma.
Emma is sittin g ...................... Barbara.
Em ma is sittin g ...................... D onna and Frank.
Domra is sittin g ......................Emma.
Frank is sittin g .......................Colin.
Alan is standing.......................Donna.
/dan is standing....................... left.
Barbara is standing........................middle.
A = Alan
D = D onna
B = Barbara
E = Em ma
C = Colin
F = Frank
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences
1
2
3
4
5
T he cat is .
the table.
There is a big tre e ...................... the house.
T he plane is flying...................... the clouds.
She is standing...................... the piano.
T he cinema i s ...................... the right.
6 She’s sittin g ........................the phone.
7
8
9
10
11
12
T he switch i s ......................... the window.
T he cupboard i s ......................... the sink.
There are some shoes...................... the bed.
T he plant i s .........................the piano.
Paul is sitting........................ Fiona.
In Britain we d riv e .........................the left.
Write sentences about the picture. Use the words in brackets (...).
PA U I. S O F F I C E
S jl
K*
THEATRE
SU PERM ARKET
BOOK?;
SHOP '
HANK
\pO U N T A IN
(neXt to)
...te. n & x t .^1?!?r. bookshop.
(in front of) T h e .......................................................................
(opposite)
................................................................................
(next to)................................................................................
(above)
................................................................................
6 (between)
................................................................................
1
2
3.
4
5
U N IT
103
up
over
through etc. (prepositions)
• Jane is going to France next week.
• We walked fro m the hotel to the station.
• A lot o f English words come fro m Latin.
to
•
•
•
•
in to (in)
fro m
We jum ped in to the water.
A m an came o u t o f the house and got in to a car.
W hy are you looking o u t o f the window?
1 took the old batteries o u t o f the radio.
We say p u t something in ... (not usually ‘into’):
• I p u t the new batteries in the radio.
•
•
•
•
•
on
■ \
t
D o n ’t put your feet o n the table.
Please take your feet o f f the table.
I’m going to hang some pictures o n the vail.
Be careful! D o n ’t fall o f f your bicycle.
We got o n the bus in Princes Street.
o ff
£
\
Is
• We walked u p the hill to the house.
• Be careful! D on’t fall d o w n the stairs.
1
dow n
over
• The plane flew over the mountains.
• I jum ped over the wall into the garden.
• Some people say it is unlucky to walk
u n d e r a ladder.
th ro u g h
•
•
•
•
•
A bird flew into the room th ro u g h a window.
The old road goes th ro u g h the village.
T he new road goes ro u n d the village.
T he bus stop is just r o u n d the corner.
I walked r o u n d the town and took some
photographs.
You can also use a ro u n d (= round):
• We walked a ro u n d the town.
• They walked p a s t me w ithout speaking.
• A: Excuse me, how do I get to the hospital?
B: Go along this road, p a st the cinema,
under the bridge and the hospital is on
the left.
p ast
get in /o n etc.
ro u n d
th e to w n
• I was walking a lo n g the road with my dog.
• Let’s go for a walk a lo n g the river.
• T he dog swam across the river.
a lo n g
|214|
under
UNIT 5 5
in / o n =>
units 9 9 - 1 0 0
to = >
| UNIT 1 0 1
cinewfl
fall o f f / ru n a w a y etc. => | UNIT 1 0 7
U N IT
103
EXERCISES
103.1
Somebody asks you the way to a place. You say
which way to go. Look at the pictures and write
sentences beginning G o ....
1 0 3 .2
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
103.3
The dog swam .
t he river.
A book fe ll
the shelf.
A plane fle w ......................the village.
A woman g o t .................... the car.
A girl r a n ......................the road.
6
7
8
9
10
Suddenly a car c a m e .................... the corner.
They d ro v e ......................the village.
They g o t
the train.
T he M oon travels
the Earth.
They g o t
the h o u s e
a window.
Put in a preposition (over/from/into etc.).
1 I lo o k e d ..................the w indow and watched the people in the street.
My house is very near here. It’s j u s t ................ the corner.
Do you know how to put a film .................. this camera?
H ow far is i t ................ h e r e ....................the airport?
We w alked................ the museum for an hour and saw a lot o f interesting things.
6 You can put your c o a t..................the back o f the chair.
7 In tennis, you have to hit the b a ll
the net.
8 Silvia took a k e y ..................her bag and opened the door.
2
3
4
5
[2 1 5 )
on at by with
(prepositions)
104
on
on
on
on
on
on
B
c
holiday
television
th e ra d io
th e p h o n e
fire
tim e (= not late)
•
•
•
•
•
about
Jane isn’t at work this week. She’s o n holiday.
We watched the news o n television.
We listened to the news o n th e rad io .
1 spoke to Carol o n th e p h o n e last night.
T he house is o n fire! Call the fire brigade.
‘Was the train late?’ ‘No, it was o n tim e .’
a t (the age of) 21 / a t 50 k ilo m e tre s an h o u r /' a t 100 d e g re e s etc.:
• Lisa got m arried a t 21. (or . .. a t th e age o f 21.)
• T he car was travelling a t 50 k ilo m e tre s a n h o u r when the accident happened.
• Water boils a t 100 d eg rees Celsius.
by c a r / by bus / by p lan e (orby air) / by bike etc.:
• Do you like travelling by train?
.
• Jane usually goes to work by bike.
but on foot:
• She goes to work on foot. (— she walks)
a book by ... / a painting by ... / a piece o f music by ...
• Have you read any books by C h arles D ickens?
• W ho is that painting by? Picasso?
by after the passive (=> U nit 21):
• I was bitten by a dog.
D
w ith /w ith o u t:
• Did you stay at a hotel or w ith friends?
• Wait for me. Please don’t go w ith o u t m e.
• Do you like your coffee w ith or w ith o u t m ilk?
• 1 cut the paper w ith a p a ir o f scissors.
a man w ith a beard / a wom an w ith glasses etc.:
• D o you know that man w ith th e beard?
• I’d like to have a house w ith a b ig g ard en .
E
a man w ith
a beard
ta lk /s p e a k /th in k /h e a r/k n o w a b o u t ... :
• Some people talk a b o u t th e ir w o rk all the time.
• I don’t k n o w m uch a b o u t cars.
a b o o k / a q u e stio n / a p r o g ra m m e (etc.) a b o u t
Did you see th e p r o g ra m m e a b o u t c o m p u te rs on TV last night?
[216]
b y =>
units
2 1 , 6 2 ,1 0 2
a t / o n =>
units
9 6 ,9 9 -1 0 0
preposition
+ - i n g =>
|UNIT 1 0 5
a woman
w ith glasses
U N IT
104
EXERCISES
104.1
Complete the sentences. Use on + one ofthese:
holiday
__
""104.2
1
2
3
4
5
~\
“V
“N
-
th e -ra d ie
television
tim e
We listened to the news on th e radio.
Please don’t be late. Try to be h e re ....................................................
I w on’t be here next week. I’m g o in g ....................................................
‘Did you see Linda?’ ‘N o, but I talked to h e r .................................................... ’
‘W hat’s ................................................... this evening?’
‘T here’s a film at 9 o ’clock.’
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with a preposition (at/by etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
.04.3
th e p h o n e
I cut the paper
a pair o f scissors.
6 She’s listening to some m u sic
Mozart.
She usually goes to w o rk ....................... car. 7 The plane is flying
600 miles an hour.
W ho is the w o m a n
short hair?
8 They’r e ........... holiday.
They are talking
the weather.
9 Do you know the m a n ............sunglasses?
T he car i s
fire.
10 H e’s reading a b o o k
gram m ar..........
Vera P. Bull.
Complete the sentences with a preposition (at/by/with etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
In tennis, you hit the b a ll............a racket.
It’s cold today. D on’t go o u t
a coat.
Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth are plays
William Shakespeare.
D o you know anything
computers?
M y grandm other d ie d
the age o f 98.
H ow long does it take from N ew York to Los A ngeles............plane?
I didn’t go to the football match, but I watched i t
television.
My house is the o n e ............the red door on the right.
These trains are very fast. They can travel
very high speeds.
I don’t use my car very often. I prefer to g o
bike.
Can you give me some inform ation .......... hotels in this town?
I was arrested
two policemen and taken to the police station.
The buses here are very good. T hey’re nearly always............time.
W hat would you like to d r in k
your meal?
We travelled from Paris to M o sco w
train.
O ne o f the most famous paintings in the world is the Mona L is a
Leonardo da Vinci.
[2 1 7 ]
U N IT
105
A
afraid o f . . .
good a t . . . etc.
preposition + -ing (good at -ing etc.)
a fraid o f . . . / g o o d a t ... etc. (iadjective + preposition)
afraid o f ...
• Are you a fra id o f dogs?
a n g ry w ith somebody
a n g ry a b o u t something
• W hy are you a n g ry w ith me? W hat have I done?
• Are you a n g ry a b o u t last night? (= som ething that
happened last night)
d iffe re n t fro m ...
• Ann is very d iffe re n t fro m her sister.
fed u p w ith ...
• I’m fed u p w ith my job. I want to do something
different. (= I’ve had enough o f my job)
full o f ...
• T he room was full o f p eo p le.
g o o d a t ... / b a d a t . . .
• Are you g o o d a t maths?
• Tina is very b a d a t w riting letters.
in te re ste d in . ..
• I ’m not in te re s te d in sport.
m a r r ie d to ...
• Sue is m a r r ie d to a dentist. (= her husband is a dentist)
n ic e /k in d o f somebody to ...
(be) n ic e /k in d to (somebody)
• It was k in d o f you to help us. T hank you very m uch.
• David is very friendly. H e’s always very n ice to me.
s o rry a b o u t (something)
s o rry fo r (doing something)
• I’m afraid I can’t help you. I ’m s o rry a b o u t that.
• I’m s o rry fo r not phoning you yesterday, (or I’m sorry
I didn’t phone you)
preposition + -in g
After a preposition ( a t/w ith /f o r etc.), a verb ends in -ing:
I’m not very good a t
Are you fed up w ith
I’m sorry fo r
Mark is thinking o f
Tom left w ith o u t
A fter
[2 1 8 ]
b e fo r e /a fte r -in g =>
telling
doing
not pho n in g
buying
saying
doing
stories.
the same tiring every day?
you yesterday.
a new car.
goodbye. (= he didn’t say goodbye)
the shopping, they w ent home.
think a b o u t /o f =>
UNIT 1 0 6
105.1
105.2
105.3
105.4
105.5
U N IT
105
EXERCISES
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (of/in etc.).
1 H e’s afraid ° f dogs.
2 She’s interested
science.
3 She’s m arried
a footballer.
4 She’s very g o o d
languages.
5 H e’s fed u p
the weather.
6 ‘Can 1 help you?’ ‘O h, that’s very kind
you.
Put in the right preposition (of/in/with etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m not interested TV. sport.
I’m not very g o o d ................ sport.
1 like Sarah. She’s always very k in d ..................me.
I’m so rry ................ your broken window. It was an accident.
H e’s very brave. He isn’t afraid..................anything.
It was very n ic e
Julia to let us stay in her flat.
Life today is very different................ life 50 years ago.
Are you interested..................politics?
Some people are afraid..................spiders.
Chris was a n g ry ..................what happened.
These boxes are very heavy. They are fu ll..................books.
I’m so rry ................ getting a n g ry ................... you yesterday.
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
I’m not very good,
telling stories, (good / tell)
1 wanted to go to the cinema but Paula.wasn’t .................................................... (interested / go)
Sue isn’t v e ry
up in the morning, (good / get)
Let’s go! I’m ....................................................................... (fed up / wait)
I’m .....................................................................you up in the middle o f the night, (sorry / wake)
Complete the sentences. Use without -ing.
1
2
3
4
(Tom left / he didn’t say goodbye)
(Sue walked past me / she didn’t speak)
(D on’t do anything / ask me first)
(I w ent out / I didn’t lock the door)
Tom LeftwdJnou t saying goodbye.
Sue w alked ...........................................
D o n ’t .....................................................
1...............................................................................................................................................................
Write sentences about yourself. Use the words in brackets (...).
I
2
3
4
5
(interested)
. (afraid)
(not very good)
(not interested)
(fed up)
I’tn in te re s te d in sport.
I’m ......
I’m not
[2 1 9 ]
U N IT
listen to ...
look a t ... etc.
(verb + preposition)
106
ask (somebody) fo r ...
• A man stopped me and asked m e fo r money.
b e lo n g to ...
• Does this book b e lo n g to you? (= Is this your book?)
h a p p e n to ...
• 1 can’t find my pen. W hat’s h a p p e n e d to it?
listen to ...
• L isten to this music. It’s beautifi.il.
s p e a k /ta lk to somebody a b o u t
something
• Did you talk to Paul a b o u t the problem?
• (on the phone) Can I speak to Chris, please?
th an k somebody fo r ...
• T h a n k you very much fo r your help.
th in k a b o u t ... or th in k o f . . .
• He never th in k s a b o u t (or o f ) other people.
• Mark is th in k in g o f (or a b o u t) buying a new car.
w ait fo r ...
• D o n ’t go yet. W ait fo r me.
w rite to somebody
but (tele)phone somebody (no
• I never get letters. N obody w rite s to me.
• I must p h o n e my parents. (not ‘phone to my parents’)
preposition)
lo o k a t / lo o k fo r / lo o k a fter
lo o k a t .
She’s lo o k in g a t her watch.
L o o k a t these flowers! T hey’re beautiful.
W hy are you lo o k in g a t me like that?
lo o k fo r ...
(= try to find)
H e ’s lost his key. H e’s lo o k in g fo r it.
I’m lo o k in g fo r Sarah. Have you seen her?
lo o k a fte r ...
(= take care of, keep safe)
W hen Barbara is at work, a friend o f hers lo o k s a fter
her children.
D o n ’t lose this book. L o o k a fte r it. (= Keep it safe.)
depend
We say d e p e n d o n
• A: D o you like eating in restaurants?
B: Sometimes. It d e p e n d s o n the restaurant, (not ‘it depends o f’)
You can say it d e p e n d s w h a t/w h e re /h o w (etc.) with or without on:
• A: D o you want to come out with us?
B: It d e p e n d s w h e re you’re going, or It d e p e n d s o n w h e re ...
For word order (It depends where y o u ’re going.), see U nit 48.
12 2 0 ]
w ait :
preposition + - in g => UNIT
105
U N IT
106
EXERCISES
106.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for etc.).
1 She’s looking
her watch.
2 H e’s listening...........the radio.
3 They’re w aiting
a taxi.
Complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for/about etc.) if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
>
^06.3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Thank you very much fP.T.... your help.
This is not my umbrella. It belongs............a friend o f mine.
(on the phone) Can I speak
M r Davis, please?
(on the phone) Thank y o u
phoning. Goodbye.
W hat happened
M ary last night? Why didn’t she come to the party?
We’re th in k in g
going to Australia next year.
We asked the w aiter
coffee but he brought us tea.
‘D o you like reading books?’ ‘It depends
the book.’
John was talking but nobody was listening
w hat he was saying.
We w aited
Karen until 2 o ’clock but she didn’t come.
‘Are you w riting a letter?’ ‘Yes, I’m w ritin g
Diane.’
D o n ’t forget to p h o n e y our m other this evening.
H e’s alone all day. H e never talks
anybody.
‘How much does it cost to stay at this hotel?’ ‘It depends
the type o f room.’
Catherine is th in k in g
changing her job.
.
106.2
4 Paul is talking
Jane.
5 T hey’re lo o k in g .............a picture.
6 Sue is lo o k in g .............Tom.
Complete these sentences. Use at/for/after.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I lo o k e d
the newspaper but I didn’t read it carefully.
W hen you are ill, you need somebody to lo o k
you.
Excuse me, I’m lo o k in g ........... Hill Street. Can you tell me where it is?
Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and lo o k ............yourself.
I’m going to take a photograph o f you. Please l o o k ............the camera and smile.
Barry is lo o k in g
a job. H e wants to work in a hotel.
<06.4
[2 2 1 ]
U N IT
go in
fall off
(phrasal verbs 1)
107
run away etc.
A phrasal verb is a verb ( g o /lo o k /b e etc.) + i n / o u t / u p / d o w n etc.
out
m
G O IN
• Ann opened the door o f the car and g o t
in. (= in to the car)
• I waited outside the house. I didn’t go in.
°n
• T he car stopped and a woman g o t o u t.
(= o u t o f the car)
• I went to the window and lo o k e d ou t.
wuLoq
O'
/
□1
■A,
FALL OFF
GET O N
• Be careful! D o n ’t fall off.
T he bus arrived and I g o t on.
do w n
up
4
I
1
/ft ^
ST A N D UP
=
I
r jh)
• He s to o d u p and left the room.
• I usually g e t u p early. (= get out o f bed)
• We lo o k ed u p at the stars.
• Would you like to sit dow n?
• T he picture fell dow n.
• Lie d o w n on the floor.
aw ay or o f f
back
C O M E HACK
R U N AWAY
• The thief ra n away, (or ... ran ofl)
• Ann got into the car and drove away.
(o r... drove off)
• We w ent out for dinner and then w e n t
b a c k to our hotel.
• Go away and don’t c o m e back!
b e /g o away (= in /to another place)
• Ann has g o n e aw ay for a few days.
b e back:
• Ann is away. She’ll b e b a c k on Monday.
over
ro u n d (or aro u n d )
CLIMB O V E R
'/A,
• T he wall wasn’t very high, so we c lim b e d
over.
• T u rn over and look at the next page.
[2 2 2 ]
get
UNIT 5 5
o
• Somebody shouted my name, so I lo o k ed
ro u n d (or aro u n d ).
• We w ent for a long walk. After six miles we
tu rn e d ro u n d (or a ro u n d ) and went back.
p u t o n / t a k e o f f etc. (phrasal ve rb s 2) => UNIT 1 0 8
list o f phrasal verbs = » APPENDIX 6
U N IT
107
EXERCISES
07.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the list + in/out/up etc.
got
got
lo o k e d
lo o k e d
ro d e
sat
1%
1
2
3
4
07.2
07.3
I went to the window and (PPk^d. out.
T he door was open, so w e .......................
He heard a plane, so he ............................
She got on her bike and ............................
tu rn e d
w en t
,
5 1 said hello and he ................
6 T he bus stopped and s h e ....
7 There was a free seat, so she
8 A car stopped and two men
Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
‘W hat happened to the picture on the wall?’ ‘It fell <^own .’
Please don’t g o
! Stay here with me.
She heard a noise behind her, so she lo o k e d .........................
I’m g o in g
now to do some shopping. I’ll b e
at 5 o ’clock.
I’m feeling very tired. I’m going to l ie ........................on the sofa.
W hen you have read this page, t u r n
and read the other side.
Jim is from Canada. He lives in London now but he wants to g o ......................to Canada.
We haven’t got a key to the house, so we can’t g e t ......................
I was very tired this m orning. 1 couldn’t g e t .........................
Ann is going on holiday next m onth. She’s g o in g ...................... on the 5th and coming
on the 24th.
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box + on/off/up etc. If necessary, put the verb into the correct
form. All these phrasal verbs (wake up etc.) are in Appendix 6.
break
carry
fall
get
give
hold
slow
speak
take
wake
+
o n /o fF /u p /d o w n /o v e r
1 I went to sleep at 10 o ’clock and ..woke jap... at eight o ’clock the next morning.
‘It’s time to go.’ ‘......................................................... a m inute. I’m not ready yet.’
T he tra in .......................................................... and finally stopped.
1 like flying but I’m always nervous w hen the p lan e ...........................................................
How was your exam? H ow did y o u ......................................................... ?
6 It’s difficult to hear you. Can y o u
a little?
7 This car isn’t very good. It h a s .......................................................... many times.
8 W hen babies try to walk, they som etim es...........................................................
9 I told him to stop but h e ........................................................... Perhaps he didn’t hear me.
10 I tried to find a job but 1 ........................................................... It was impossible.
2
3
4
5
12 2 3 ]
U N IT
108
A
put on your shoes
(phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put o n / tak e o f f etc.) has an object. For example:
verb
object
verb
object
p u t o n your coat
tak e o f f your shoes
You can say:
p u t o n your coat
or p u t your coat on
tak e o ff your shoes
or take your shoes o ff
but i t/th e m (pronouns) always go before o n / o f f etc.:
put it o n (not ‘put on it’)
take th e m o ff (not ‘take off them ’)
• It was cold, so I p u t o n my coat,
(or I p u t my coat on)
• H ere’s your coat. P u t it on.
• I’m going to tak e o ff rny shoes.
(or tak e my shoes off)
• Your shoes are dirty. Take th e m off.
Some more phrasal verbs + object:
tu r n o n / tu rn o f f (lights, machines, taps etc.):
• It was dark, so I tu rn e d o n the light.
(or I tu rn e d the light on)
• I don’t want to watch this programme.
You can tu r n it off.
T U R N OFF
O FF
s w it c h
also sw itch on / sw itch o f f (lights, machines etc.):
• 1 sw itch ed o n the light and sw itc h e d o f f the television.
p ic k up / p u t dow n:
• Those are my keys on the floor. Can you
p ick th e m u p for me?
• I stopped reading and p u t my book d o w n,
(or p u t d o w n my book)
b r in g b a c k / tak e b a c k / give b a c k / p u t back:
• You can take my umbrella but please
b r in g it back.
• I to o k my new sweater b a c k to the
shop. 11 was too small for me.
• I’ve got D iane’s keys. I must give
th e m b a c k to her.
• I read the letter and then p u t it b a c k
in the envelope.
[224]
g o in / fall o f f etc. (phrasal verbs 1):
UNIT
107
TA K E
more phrasal verbs + o b ject;
APPENDIX
7
U N IT
EXERCISES
108.1
-|Q g
Look at the pictures. What did these people do?
W v
4
/# <4/L
s ip i
§
1 He tume<L on the light. (OR twpte.
l^ht on)
2 S h e ....................................................................
3 H e .....................................................................
' 108.2
I turned on the radio.
He put on his jacket.
S h e ......................................
Put down your pens.
They gave back the money.
1 tu rn e d th e radio on.
H e .........................................
She took her glasses off.
1 t u r n e d i t on.
H e ...........................................
I turned the lights off.
Complete the sentences. Use one of the verbs in the list + it/them.
b rin g
1
2
3
4
5
108.4
4 she
5 H e .................
6 She ...............
You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
1
2
5
4
5
6
108.3
8
p ic k
sw itch
tak e
ta rn
(+ o n /o f f /u p /b a c k )
I wanted to watch something on television, so I .
.....
1 bought a lamp but it doesn’t work. I’m going t o ............................................... to the shop.
There were some gloves on the floor, so I ............................................ and put them on the table.
W hen 1 finished working on the computer, I ................................................
Thank you for lending me these books. I w on’t forget t o ................................................
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. All these verbs are in Appendix 7.
your cigarette
a pair o f shoes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
glass
or
me / it / them
in
out
up
down
on
over
away
round
They knocked .ten,.Houses jte w n (OR d/)wn ..ten .houses),.,, w hen they built the new road.
That music is very loud. Can you turn ..te.dpw.h ?
1 k n o ck ed ............................................ and broke it.
If you want to know what a word means, you can lo o k ................................... in adictionary.
1 want to keep these magazines. Please don’t th ro w ................................................
Somebody gave m e a form and told m e to fill................................................
I trie d ...............................................in the shop but I didn’t buy them.
I visited the school. O ne o f the teachers show ed...............................................
‘D o you play the piano?’ ‘N o, I started to learn but I gave..............................after a m onth.’
You’re not allowed to smoke here. Please p u t ................................................
[2 2 5 ]
U N IT
109
and
an d
but
but
or
or
so
so
because
b ecau se
We use these words (conjunctions) to jo in two sentences. They make one longer sentence
from two shorter sentences:
sentence A
B
sentence B
a n d /b u t /o r
sentence A
We stayed at hom e
My sister is married
H e doesn’t like her
1 bought a newspaper
It’s a nice house
D o you want to go out
sentence B
and
an d
and
but
but
or
(we)* watched television.
(she)* lives in London.
she doesn’t like him.
I didn’t read it.
it hasn’t got a garden.
are you too tired?
* It is not necessary to repeat
‘w e’ and ‘she’.
Study these sentences. We use a n d between the last two things:
• i got hom e, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair a n d fell asleep.
71
‘
71
Z1
• Arin is at work, Sue has gone shopping a n d Chris is playing football.
so (the result o f something)
sentence B
sentence A
It was very hot,
The water wasn’t clean,
They like films,
0
so
so
so
I opened the window,
we didn’t go swimming,
they often go to the cinema.
b ecau se (the reason for something)
sentence A
I opened the window
We didn’t go swimming
Lisa is hungry
sentence B
b e c au se
b ecau se
becau se
it was verv hot.
the water wasn’t clean.
she didn’t have breakfast.
B ecause is also possible at the beginning:
• B ecause th e w a te r w a sn ’t clean, we didn’t go swimming.
E
12 2 6 1
In these examples there is m ore than one conjunction:
• It was late a n d I was tired, so I went to bed.
• I always enjoy visiting London, b u t I w ouldn’t like to live there b e c au se it’s too big.
w h e n /w h ile /b e fo r e etc. =>
UNIT 1 1 0
U N IT
109
EXERCISES
09.1
Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/but/or.
I staved at home.
j-be^gbt-^ newsp-.tpefr
1went to the window.
I wanted to phone you.
1jum ped into the river.
1 usually drive to work.
D o you want me to come w ith you?
j
2
3
4
5
6
7
J9.2
I didn’t have your number.
Shall I wait here?
1 didn’t read it.
I went by bus this m orning.
Twatehed television
I swam to the other side.
I looked out.
I staged, (^ howp ojncL waJxheel..t ^ v l s t o n ,....
.!...bought cl...rawspfl^er but I .dUx^’t re<5ui.
....
1 ................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/but/so/because.
1
2
3
4
5
It was verv hot, so h e opeaaedl th e wwdnw •
They didn’t play te n n is......................................
They went to the museum ...............................
Bill wasn’t h u n g ry ,..............................................
Ann was la te ........................................................
6 Sue s a id ................................................................
.09.3
Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/but etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(and)
(because)
(but)
(and)
(so)
(because)
Ixi the- evening I sfasujetl cithome. <m<i stw o U ^ .
' went to bed. very e^rly be^cmse. I was tired,.
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
[2 2 7 ]
U N IT
110
A
W hen.
W h e n I w e n t o u t, it was ra in in g .
This sentence has two xarts:
part A
+
w hen I w ent out
part B
it w as ra in in g
You can begin with part A or part B:
^ | W h e n I w e n t o u t, it was raining,
t It w as ra in in g w hen I went out.
Wc write a comma (,) if part A (W hen ...) is before part B:
^ j W h en you’re tired, don’t drive.
I D o n ’t drive w h e n you’re tired.
I Ann was very happy w h e n she passed her exam.
( W h e n Ann passed her exam, she was very happy.
We do the same in sentences w ith b e fo re /w h ile /a fte r:
^ f Always look both ways b e fo re you cross the road.
( B efore you cross the road, always look both ways.
( W hile I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
I It began to rain w hile I was waiting for the bus.
| j He never played football again a fte r he broke his leg.
I A fter he broke his leg, he never played football again.
B
W h en I a m ... / W h e n I g o ... etc.
N ext week Jill is going to N ew York. She has a friend,
Barbara, who lives in N ew York but Barbara is also
going away - to Mexico. So they w on’t meet in N ew
York.
Barbara w ill be in M exico w h e n Jill is in New York.
The time isfu tu re (next w eek) but we say:
... w h e n Jill is in N ew York. (not ‘when Jill will be’)
BARBARA
We use the present (I a m / I go etc.) w ith afu ture meaning after w hen:
• W h e n I g e t hom e this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
(not ‘W hen I will get hom e’)
• I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later w h e n I have m ore time.
Wc do
•
•
•
[228]
u n til:
the same after b e fo re /w h ile /a fte r/u n til:
Please close the w indow b e fo re you go out. (not ‘before you will go’)
Julia is going to live in our flat w h ile we are away. (not ‘while we will be’)
I’ll stay here u n til you c o m e back, (not ‘until you will come back’)
b e fo r e /w h ile /a fte r => I
i f and w h en :
UNIT
111
U N IT
110
EXERCISES
110.1
Make sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes.
T
run<• r-\iif
I nWvrrrtTCtt
I’m tired
I phoned her
I go on holiday
the programme ended
1 arrived at the hotel
I swi tched off the TV
1 always go to the same place
there were no rooms
it was raining
there was no answer
I like to watch TV
] \Vhe*i...!.. .wwt.oufc,
3
..........................................................................................................................................
4 ...................................................................................................................................................................
3
........................... ................................................................................................................
6 ............................................................
110.2
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
somebody broke into the house
before they crossed the road
they went to live in N ew Zealand
before they came here
while they were away
w hen they heard the news
they didn’t believe me
1
2
3
4
5
They looked both ways ...b&fpre. they c ro sse d , t h e j o a d , ....
They were very surprised ...................................................................................................................
After they got married, .......................................................................................................................
T he letter arrived .................................................................................................................................
W here did they liv e.............................................................................................................................
6 W hile they were asleep, ......................................................................................................................
7 W hen 1 told them the n e w s,..............................................................................................................
110.3
Which is right? Choose the correct form.
1 Tstay-/ I’ll stay here until you come / yeu-’-H-eem e back.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
110.4
I’ll stay and you come are right.
I’m going to bed w hen I finish / I’ll finish my work.
We must do something before it’s / it will be too late.
Julia is going away soon. I’m / I’ll be very sad w hen she leaves / she’ll leave.
D on’t go out yet. Wait until the rain stops / will stop.
We come / We’ll come and visit you w hen we’re / we’ll be in England again.
W hen 1 come / I’ll come to see you tomorrow, I bring / I’ll bring the photographs.
I’m going to Paris next week. I hope to see some friends o f m ine while I’m / I’ll be there.
‘D on’t forget to give me your address.’ ‘OK, I give / I’ll give it to you before 1 go / I’ll go.’
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Can you close the window before . iJP.Vf- 9?
.. ?
W hat are vou going to do w h e n ...................................................................
W hen I have more time, ...............................................................................
I’ll wait for you while ...................................................................................
W hen I start my new job, .............................................................................
Will you be here when....................................................................................
?
?
[2 2 9 ]
U N IT
111
If we go ...
If you see ... etc.
I f . . . , ... (if at the beginning)
I f we go by bus,
I f you don’t hurry,
I f you’re hungry,
I f the phone rings,
it will be cheaper.
you’ll miss the train.
have something to eat.
can you answer it, please?
i f ...
It wdll be' cheaper
You ’11 miss the train
I’m going to the concert
1Do you mind
(if in the middle)
i f we go by bus.
if you don’t hurry.
i f I can get a ticket.
i f I use your phone? (= Is it OK if I use it?)
In conversation, we often use the if-part o f the sentence alone:
• ‘Are you going to the concert?’ ‘Yes, i f I c a n g e t a tick et.’
I f you see A n n to m o r ro w ... etc.
After if, we use the present (not ‘will’). We say: i f you see ... (not ‘if you will see’):
• I f you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to phone me?
• I f I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me. (not ‘if I will be’)
• W hat shall we do i f it rains? (not‘if it will rain’)
• I f I d o n ’t feel well tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
i f and w h e n
I f I go out = it is possible that I will go out, but I’m not sure:
• A: Are you going out later?
• B: Perhaps. I f I go o u t. I’ll close the window'.
W h en I go out = I’m going out (for sure):
• A: Are you going out later?
• B: Yes, I am. W h en I go o u t, I’ll close the window.
• W h en I get hom e this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
• I f f ’nr late this evening, don’t wait for me. (not ‘W hen I’m late’)
• W e’re going to play tennis i f it doesn’t rain. (not. ‘when it doesn’t rain’)
[2 3 0 ]
w h en => iin iio h l
i f I had / i f w e w en t ... etc. => UNIT
112
U N IT
111
EXERCISES
<11.1
Make sentences beginning with if. Choose from the boxes.
yel, c|(>|14 g WTy
you pass the exam
you fail the exam
you don’t want this magazine
you want those pictures
you’re busy now
you’re hungry
you need money
+
we can have lunch now
you can have them
I can lend you some
you’ll get a certificate
you'll be-late
I’ll throw it away
we can talk later
you can do it again
1 ..If...ao u j h n t h m
111.2
Which is right?
1 If I’m /444-be- late this evening, don’t wait for me.
I’m is right
Will you write to me if I give / I’ll give you my address?
If there is /will be a fire, the alarm will ring.
If I don’t see you tom orrow m orning, 1 phone / I’ll phone you in the evening.
I’m / I’ll he surprised if M artin and Julia get / will get married.
6 Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite you?
2
3
4
5
111.3
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
'11.4
I’m going to the concert if
.......
If you don’t hurry yow If
I don’t want to go swimming i f ............................................................................................................
If you go to bed early to n ig h t,..............................................................................................................
Turn the television off i f ........................................................................................................................
Tina won’t pass her exams i f .................................................................................................................
If I have time to m o rro w ,.......................................................................................................................
We can go to the beach tom orrow i f ..................................................................................................
Putin if or when.
1 ..If. I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me.
I’m going to do some shopping now. ................ I come back, we can have lunch.
I’m thinking o f going to see T im ....................... I go, will you come with me?
................ you don’t want to go out tonight, we can stay at home.
D o you m in d ................ I close the window?
6 John is still at school....................... he leaves school, he wants to go to university.
7 Shall we have a picnic to m o rro w
the weather is good?
8 We’re going to Madrid next week. We haven’t got anywhere to stay - we hope to find a hotel
................. we arrive. I don’t know what w e’ll d o ..................we don’t find anywhere.
2
3
4
5
[2 3 1 ]
U N IT
112
A
If I had ...
If we w e n t ... etc.
Dan likes fast cars but he doesn’t have one.
He doesn’t have enough money.
I f he h ad the money, he w o u ld b u y a fast ca
Usually h a d is past, but in this sentence h a d i
not past. I f he h a d the money = if he had the
money now (but he doesn’t have it).
IF
I
you
it
they etc.
h a d /k n e w /liv e d /w e n t (etc.) ... ,
d id n ’t h a v e /k n o w /g o (etc.) ... ,
w a s/w e re ... ,
c o u ld ... ,
I
you
it
they etc.
w o u ld (n ’t)
c o u ld (n ’t)
buy ...
be ...
have ...
go ... etc.
You can say:
• I f he h a d the money, lie would buy a car. ( I f ... at (he beginning)
or
He would buy a car i f h e h a d the money. (... i f ... in the middle)
I’d / sh e ’d / th e y ’d etc. — I w o u ld / she w o u ld / they w o u ld etc.:
• 1 don’t know the answer. I f I k n e w the answer, I’d tell you.
• Its raining , so w e’re not going out. We’d g e t wet i f we w e n t out.
• jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She w o u ld n ’t b e happy i f she lived in the country.
• I f you d id n ’t have a job, what w o u ld you do? (but you have a job)
• I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’d h elp you i f I c o u ld , (but I can’t)
• I f we h a d a car, we c o u ld travel more, (but we haven’t got a car, so we can’t travel much)
B
I f (I) w a s/w e re ...
You can say: i f (I/he/she/it) was or w ere ... :
• It’s cold. I f I w ere you, I’d p u t your coat on.
(or If I w as you ...)
• It’s not a very nice place. I w o u ld n ’t go there
i f I w as you. (or ... if I w ere you)
• It. w o u ld b e nice if the w eather w ere (or was) better.
Compare:
i f I have / i f it is etc.
i f I h ad / i f it was etc.
• I must go and see Ann.
• I must go and see Ann.
I f I have time, I w ill go today.
I f I h a d time, I w o u ld go today.
(= perhaps I’ll have time, so perhaps I’ll go)
(= I don’t have time today so I will not go)
• I like that jacket.
I’ll b u y it i f it isn ’t too expensive.
(= perhaps it will not be too expensive)
• I like that jacket but it’s very expensive.
I’d buy it i f it w asn ’t so expensive.
(= it is expensive, so I’m not going to buy it)
• I’ll help you i f I can. (= perhaps I can help) • I’d h elp you i f I c o u ld but I can’t.
[2 3 2 ]
i f w e g o / i f I have / i f I can etc.
=>
UNIT
111
U N IT
112
EXERCISES
12.1
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12.2
I don’t know the answer. If 1 ...knew... the answer, I’d tell you.
1 have a car. I couldn’t travel very m uch it I
f'
. a car.
I don’t want to go out. If I .............................................to go out, I’d go.
We haven’t got a key. If w e ............................................a key, we could get into the house.
I’m not hungry. 1 would have something to eat if I ..............................................hungry.
Sue enjoys her work. She w ouldn’t do it if s h e ..............................................it.
You can’t drive. If y o u ..............................................drive, I would lend you my car.
hie speaks too fast. I could understand him better if h e ...........................................more slowly.
1 have a lot to do today. If 1 ............................................so m uch to do, we could go out.
Put the verb in the correct form.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12.3
12.4
If
... the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)
Jane likes living in a city. SHe wquUfn t be. happy if she lived in the country, (she/not/be)
If I wanted to learn Italian,.......................................................... to Italy. (I/go)
I haven’t told Ann what happened. She’d be angry i f .................... ........................ (she/know)
I f .......................................................... a map, I could show you where I live, (we/have)
W hat would you do i f ......................................................... a lot o f money? (you/win)
It’s not a very good hotel........................................................ there if I were you. (I/not/stay)
I f ...................................................... nearer London, we would go there more often, (we/live)
It’s a pity you have to go now. ............................................ nice if you had m ore time, (it/be)
I’m not going to take the job. I’d take it i f
better, (the salary/be)
I don’t know anything about cars. If the car broke down, .........................................................
what to do. (I/not/know )
If you could change one thing in the world, w h a t............................................ ? (you/change)
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form.
we (have) a bigger house
we (buy) a bigger house
we (have) some pictures on the wall
I (watch) it
every day (be) the same
the air (be) cleaner
it (be) a bit cheaper
I (be) bored
. bit.. cheaper..
If there was a good film on TV to n ig h t,.......
This room would be nicer if ..........................
If there wasn’t so m uch traffic,........................
Life would be boring i f ...................................
6 If 1 had nothing to d o ,.....................................
7 We could invite all our friends to stay i f .......
8 If we had more money, ....................................
1 I’d buy that jacket i f ..M?..w as..
2
3
4
5
Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
1
2
3
4
5
I’d go to the dentist if
If I could go anywhere in the world, ...........
I wouldn ’t be very happy i f ............................
I’d buy a house i f ..............................................
Ifl saw an accident in the street, ...................
6 The world would be a better place i f ...........
[2 3 3 ]
U N IT
113
B
a person who ... a thing that/which
(relative clauses 1)
w ho is for people (not tilings):
A thief is a p e rso n
Do you know a n y b o d y
The m an
T h e p e o p le
C
w ho
w ho
w ho
w ho
steals things,
can play the piano?
phoned
work in the office
didn’t give his name,
are very friendly.
th a t flies.
th a t is 500 years old.
th a t w ork in the office
are very friendly.
th a t is for things or people:
An aeroplane is a m a c h in e
Emma lives in a h o u se
T h e p e o p le
You can use th a t for people, but w h o is more usual,
w h ic h is for things (not people):
An aeroplane is a m a c h in e
Emma lives in a h o u se
w h ic h flies. (not ‘a machine who .. . ’)
w h ic h is 500 years old.
Do not use w h ic h for people:
• Do you rem ember th e w o m a n w h o was playing the piano at the party?
(not. ‘the woman which ... ’)
[2 3 4 |
w h o and w h ich in questions :
UNITS
44,46
the p eo p le w e m e t (relative clauses 2):
UNIT
114
U N IT
113
EXERCISES
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person w h o . . . . Use a dictionary if necessary.
a dentist
a fool
a genius
a liar
tlIII ICJ
a butcher
a musician
a patient
1
A
b
doesn’t tell die truth
looks after your teeth
is very intelligent
plays a musical instrument
is ill in hospital
is very stupid
sells meat
a. person who s t e a ls th in g s .
2 A butcher is a person .............................................................................................................................
3 A m usician...............................................................................................................................................
4 ...................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...................................................................................................................................................................
6 ...................................................................................................................................................................
7 ...................................................................................................................................................................
8 ...............................................................................................................................................
"^■2
Make one sentence from two.
1 (A man phoned. He didn’t give his name.)
T h e man who phoned, didua’fc give, h is name...
2 (A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)
The woman ....................................................................................................................a yellow dress.
3 (Some students took the exam. Most o f them passed.)
Most o f the students...............................................................................................................................
4 (A policeman stopped our car. He wasn’t very friendly.)
T h e ...........................................................................................................................................................
^•3
Putin who or which.
1 I m et a woman ..who . can speak six languages.
2 W hat’s the name o f the w o m a n ........................lives next door?
3 W hat’s the name o f the riv e r
flows through the town?
4 W here is the p ictu re ........................was hanging on the wall?
5 D o you know anybody....................... wants to buy a car?
6 You always ask questions........................are difficult to answer.
7 I have a frie n d ........................is very good at repairing cars.
8 I think everybody...................... went to the party enjoyed it very much.
9 Why does he always wear clothes........................are too small for him?
^■4
Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
1 A thief is a person ( which . steals things
2 An aeroplane is a machine that flies.
3 A coffee maker is a machine who makes coffee.
4 Have you seen the m oney that was on the table?
5 I don’t like people which never stop talking.
6 I know somebody that can help you.
7 1 know somebody w ho works in that shop.
8 Correct the sentences w ho are wrong.
. . . a person who steals ...
o k .........
[235]
U N IT
114
the people we met
(relative clauses 2)
the hotel you stayed at
T he man is carrying a bag.
It’s very heavy.
2 sentences
T h e b a g (that) he is c a rry in g is very heavy.
I----------------------- / sentence ----------------------- 1
Ann took some photographs.
Have you seen them?
2 sentences
Have you seen th e p h o to g ra p h s (that) A n n took?
I----------j sentence —
---- 1
You can say:
• The bag th a t he is carrying ... or T he bag he is carrying ... (with or without that)
• ... the photographs th a t Ann took? or ... the photographs Ann took?
You do not need th a t/w h o /w h ic h w hen it is the object:
subject
The man
Ann
You
We
verb
object
was carrying
took
wanted
met
a bag
some photographs
the book
some people
—> th e
th e
—> th e
—> th e
b a g (that) th e m a n w as c a rry in g
p h o to g ra p h s (that) A n n to o k
b o o k (that) you w a n te d
p e o p le (who) w e m e t
• Did you find th e b o o k you w anted? (or ... the book th a t you wanted?)
• T h e p e o p le we m e t were very nice, (or T he people w h o we m et ...)
• E v e ry th in g I said was true, (or Everything th a t I said ...)
N ote that we say:
• T he film w e saw was very good, (not ‘T he film we saw it was . . . ’)
Sometimes there is a. preposition ( to /in /a t etc.) after the verb:
Jill is ta lk in g to a man.
We stayed a t a hotel.
I to ld you a b o u t some books.
—> Do you know th e m a n Jill is ta lk in g to?
—> T h e h o te l w e stayed a t was near the station.
—> These are th e b o o k s I to ld you a b o u t.
N ote that we say:
... the books I to ld you a b o u t (not ‘the books I told you about them')
You can say: (a place) w h e re
• T h e h o te l w h e re we stayed was near the station. (= T he hotel we stayed a t . . .)
You must use w h o /th a t/w h ic h w hen it is the subject (=> Unit 113):
• 1 m et a woman w h o can speak six languages, (w ho is the subject)
• Jim was wearing a hat th a t w as too big for him. (th at is the subject)
[2 3 6 ]
a person w h o ..., a th in g th a t/w h ic h ... (relative clauses 2) =r
UNIT 1 1 3
U N IT
114
EXERCISES
4.1
Make one sentence from two.
1 (Ann took some photographs. Have you seen them?)
Have you seep tkie. pHotograpHs Ann took ?
2 (You gave me a pen. I’ve lost it.)
I’ve lost t h e ........................................................................
3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. 1 like it.)
I like the ............................................................................
4 (I gave you some flowers. W here are they?)
Where are t h e ...................................................................
5 (He told us a story. 1 didn’t believe it.)
I ............................................................................................
6 (You bought some oranges. How m uch were they?)
H o w ....................................................................................
14.2
Make one sentence from two.
1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
..The M
g . . . ! . . . . w
f t 5 . ....
2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)
T h e .........................................................................................
3 (I’m wearing shoes. They aren’t very comfortable.)
T he sh o e s...............................................................................
4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.)
T h e .........................................................................................
14.3
Complete the sentences. Use the information in the box.
1 looked at a map
I was sitting on a chair
yen-stayed at a hotel
they live in a house
we were waiting for a bus
Linda is dancing with a man
you were looking for some keys
you spoke to some people
1
2
3
4
5
W hat’s the name o f th e hotel you sttujed, a t ...?
W ho are the p e o p le ..........................................................................................................?
Did you find t h e ........................................................................................................ ?
T h e .........................................................................................................is too small for them.
T h e .........................................................................................................wasn’t very clear.
6 I fell o ff..........................................................................................................
7 ........................................................................................................ was very late.
8 W ho i s .
14.4
pead the situations and complete the questions. U s e ... where
1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him:
Did you like
hotel .w h e re - you sfa^ed.?
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her:
W hat’s the name o f the restaurant...................................
3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her:
Do you lik e ..........................................................................
4 Richard works in a factory. You ask him:
How b i g ...............................................................................
[2 3 7 |
Appendix 1
Active and passive
Present and past:
active
present
simple
past
simple
passive
We m ak e butter from milk.
Butter is m a d e from milk.
Somebody cleans these rooms every day.
These rooms are clean ed every day.
People never in v ite me to parties.
I a m never in v ited to parties.
How d o they m a k e butter?
How is butter m ade?
Somebody stole my car last week.
My car was sto le n last week.
Somebody stole my keys yesterday.
My keys w ere sto len yesterday.
They d id n ’t invite me to the party.
I w a sn ’t in v ited to the party.
W hen d id they b u ild these houses?
W hen w ere these houses built?
They arc b u ild in g a new airport at the
present
continuous m oment. (= it isn’t finished)
A new airport is b e in g b u ilt at the
m om ent.
They are b u ild in g some new houses
near the river.
Some new houses are b e in g b u ilt
near the river.
W hen 1 was here a few years ago, they
past
continuous w ere b u ild in g a new airport.
W hen I was here a few years ago, a
new airport w as b e in g built.
(= it wasn’t finished at that time)
present
perfect
Look! They have p a in te d the door.
Look! The door has b een p a in te d .
These shirts are clean. Somebody has
w ashed them .
These shirts are clean. They have
b e e n w ashed.
Somebody has sto len my car.
My car has b e e n stolen.
past perfect Ann said that somebody h a d sto len her
car.
1 -2
Ann said that her car h a d b een
sto len .
W i l l / c a n / m u s t / have to etc.
active
passive
Somebody will clean the office tomorrow.
Somebody must clean the office.
I think they’ll in v ite you to the party.
They can’t re p a ir my watch.
You should w ash this sweater by hand.
T he office will be c le a n e d tomorrow.
The office must be cleaned.
I think you’ll be in v ited to the party.
M y watch can’t be rep a ire d .
This sweater should b e w ash ed by hand.
They are going to b u ild a new airport.
Somebody has to w ash these clothes.
They had to take the injured man to hospital.
A new airport is going to b e built.
These clothes have to b e w ashed.
T he injured man had to be taken to hospital.
[2 3 9 ]
Appendix 2
List of irregular verbs
(=> U nit 24)
infinitive
past simple
past participle
infinitive
past simple
past participle
be
beat
become
begin
bite
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
get
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
leave
lend
w a s /w e r e
beat
becam e
began
b it
b le w
b ro k e
b ro u g h t
b u ilt
bought
caught
chose
cam e
cost
cut
d id
d rew
d ran k
d ro v e
a te
fell
fe lt
fo u g h t
fo u n d
flew
fo rg o t
got
gave
w ent
g rew
hung
had
h ea rd
h id
h it
h e ld
h u rt
kept
knew
le ft
le n t
been
b e a te n
becom e
begun
b itt e n
b lo w n
b ro k en
b ro u g h t
b u ilt
bought
caught
chosen
com e
cost
cut
done
d raw n
d ru n k
d r iv e n
e a te n
fallen
fe lt
fo u g h t
fo u n d
flo w n
f o r g o tt e n
got
g iv e n
gone
g ro w n
hung
had
h ea rd
h id d e n
h it
h e ld
h u rt
kept
know n
le ft
le n t
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read /ri:d/*
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
shine
shoot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand
steal
swim
take
teach
tear
ten
think
throw
understand
wake
wear
win
write
le t
la y
lit
lo s t
m ade
m eant
m et
p a id
put
r e a d /red/*
ro d e
ran g
ro s e
ra n
sa id
sa w
so ld
sen t
shone
shot
sh o w ed
sh u t
san g
sa t
s le p t
spoke
spent
s to o d
s to le
sw am
to o k
ta u g h t
to r e
to ld
th o u g h t
th r e w
u n d e r s to o d
w oke
w o re
w on
w r o te
le t
la in
lit
lo s t
m ade
m eant
m et
p a id
put
r e a d /red/*
r id d e n
ru n g
ris e n
ru n
sa id
se e n
so ld
sent
shone
shot
show n
shut
sung
sa t
s le p t
spoken
spent
s to o d
s to le n
sw um
ta k e n
ta u g h t
to rn
to ld
th o u g h t
th ro w n
u n d e r s to o d
w oken
w o rn
w on
w r i tte n
* pronunciation
T he following verbs can be regular (-ed) or irregular (-t):
infinitive
past simple / past participle
infinitive
past simple / past participle
burn
dream
b u r n e d or b u r n t
d r e a m e d or d r e a m t
leam
smell
le a r n e d or le a r n t
s m e lle d or s m e lt
Appendix 3
Irregular verbs in groups
past simple / past participle are the same:
cost
cut
hit
hurt
—> cost
-> cut
hit
-> hurt
lend —» lent
send -> sent
spend —» spent
build —> built
bum —> burnt
learn —» learnt
smell
smelt
feel
leave
meet
dream
mean
—>
—>
—>
—»
—>
let
put
shut
past simple / past participle are different:
-> let
—> put
-» shut
lose
shoot ->
get
-»
light ->
->
sit
lost
shot
got
lit
sat
keep -> kept
sleep -> slept
felt
left
m et
dream t /dremt/*
m eant /m ent/*
bring
brought /broit/*
buy —> bought /bo:t/*
fight —> fought /fo:t/*
think —■> thought /(b :t/*
catch —» caught /ko:l/*
teach —> taught /to:t/'*
break
choose
speak
steal
wake
—> broke
-» chose
spoke
-> stole
—> woke
broken
chosen
spoken
stolen
woken
drive
ride
rise
write
-» drove
—> rode
—> rose
—» w rote
driven
ridden
risen
w ritten
beat
bite
hide
—> beat
bit
—> hid
beaten
bitten
hidden
eat
fall
forget
give
see
take
—»
—>
—>
->
—>
->
ate
fell
forgot
gave
saw
took
eaten
fallen
forgotten
given
seen
taken
blow
grow
know
throw
fly
—)
—>
—»
—>
—>
blew
grew
knew
threw
flew
blown
grown
known
throw n
flown
drew
drawn
draw
sell
tell
—» sold
—> told
find
have
hear
hold
read
say
—>
—>
->
—»
->
—>
found
had
heard
held
read /red/*
said /sed/*
pay
—> paid
make —» m ade
stand
—> stood
understand —» understood
* p ro n u n c ia tio n
show
-> showed
shown
begin
drink
swim
-» began
—> drank
-> swam
begun
drunk
swum
ring
sing
—> rang
—> sang
rung
sung
run
ran
run
come
—> cam e
com e
become —> becam e becom e
Appendix 4
Short forms (he’s / I ’d / don’t etc.)
In spoken English we usually pronounce ‘I a m ’ as one word. The short form (I’m ) is a way o f
w riting this:
I am
it is
th ey have
• I’m feeling tired this morning.
• ‘D o you like this jacket?’ ‘Yes, it’s very nice.’
• ‘W here are your friends?’ ‘They’ve gone home.’
-> I ’m
i t ’s
—> th e y ’ve
etc.
W hen we write short forms, we use ’ (an apostrophe):
1 )(m —> I’m
he fs —> he’s
you |^ v e —> you’ve
4.2
she vyill —> she’ll
We use these forms with I /h e /s h e etc.:
am
’m
is
’s
are —> ’re
’ve
have
’s
has
had —> ’d
will —> ’11
’d
would
I ’m
h e ’s
sh e ’s
it’s
I ’ve
I ’d
I’ll
I ’d
h e ’s
h e ’d
h e ’ll
h e ’d
sh e ’s
sh e ’d
sh e ’ll
sh e ’d
w e ’re
w e’ve
y o u ’re
y o u ’ve
th e y ’re
th e y ’ve
w e’d
w e’ll
w e’d
y o u ’d
y o u ’ll
y o u ’d
th e y ’d
th e y ’ll
th e y ’d
it’s
• I’ve got some new shoes.
• We’ll probably go out this evening.
• It’s 10 o ’clock. You’re late again.
’s = is or has:
• She’s going out this evening, (she’s going = she is going)
• She’s gone out. (she’s gone = she has gone)
’d
=
w o u ld or had:
• A: W hat would you like to eat?
B: I’d like a salad, please. (I’d like = I w o u ld like)
• 1 told the police that I’d lost my passport. (I’d lost = I h a d lost)
D o not use ’m / ’s / ’d etc. at the end o f a sentence (=> U nit 39):
• ‘Are you tired?’ ‘Yes, 1 a m .’ (not ‘Yes, I’m.’)
4-3
[2 4 2 ]
We use short forms w ith I /y o u /h e /s h e etc. but you can use short forms (especially’s) with
other words too:
• W h o ’s your favourite singer? (= who is)
• W h a t’s the time? (= what is)
• T h e r e ’s a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
• M y siste r’s working in London. (= my sister is working)
• P a u l’s gone out. (= Paul has gone out)
• W h a t c o lo u r ’s your car? (= W hat colour is your car?)
Negative short forms (=> U nit 42):
isn ’t
a re n ’t
w asn ’t
w e re n ’t
h a sn ’t
h av en ’t
h a d n ’t
•
•
•
•
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
is not)
are not)
was not)
were not)
has not)
have not)
(— had not)
d o n ’t
d o e s n ’t
d id n ’t
(= do not)
(= does not)
(= did not)
c a n ’t
c o u ld n ’t
w o n ’t
w o u ld n ’t
s h o u ld n ’t
m u s tn ’t
n e e d n ’t
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
cannot)
could not)
will not)
would not)
should not)
must not)
need not)
We went to her house but she w asn’t at home.
W h e re ’s David?’ 4 d o n ’t know. I h a v e n ’t seen him.’
You work all the time. You s h o u ld n ’t work so hard.
I w o n ’t be here tomorrow. (= I will not)
’s (apostrophe + s)
’s can mean different things:
(1) ’s = is or h as (=> section 4.2 of this appendix)
(2) le t’s = let us (=» Unit 52)
• T he weather is nice. L e t’s go out. (= Let us go out.)
(3) A nn’s camera (= her camera) / my brother’s car (= his car) / the manager’s office
(= his/her office) etc. (=> U nit 63)
Compare:
• A n n ’s camera was very expensive. (A nn’s camera = h e r camera)
• A n n ’s a very good photographer. (A nn’s = Ann is)
• A n n ’s got a new camera. (Ann’s got = Ann has got)
Appendix 5
5.1
Spelling
Words + -s and -es (birds/watches etc.)
noun + s (plural) (=> Unit 65)
bird —> birds
mistake —» mistakes
verb + s (he/she/it -s) (=> Unit 5)
think —>thinks
live —» lives
hotel —>hotels
remember —> remembers
but
+ es after -s / -sh / -ch / -x:
pass —» passes
bus —>buses
dish —> dishes
wash —> washes
watch —>watches
teach —> teaches
box —> boxes
address —>addresses
finish —> finishes
sandwich —> sandwiches
also
potato —> potatoes
do —>does
- f / -fe —>-ves:
shelf —> shelves
5.2
tomato —> tomatoes
go —> goes
knife —» knives
/>wf roof —» roofs
Words ending in -y (baby —> babies / study —» studied etc.)
-y —>-ies:
study —> studies (wot ‘studys’)
story —> stories
city —>cities
try —» tries
marry —> marries
family —> families (wot ‘familys’)
baby —> babies
fly —> flies
-y —> -ied (=> Unit 11):
study —> studied (not ‘studyed’)
try —» tried
marry —» married
copy —>copied
-y —» -ie r/-ie st (=> Units 86 and 89):
easy —> easier/easiest (not ‘easyer/easyest’)
happy —> happier/happiest
heavy —> heavier/heaviest
lucky —»luckier/luckiest
funny —»funnier/funniest
-y -> -ily (=> Unit 85):
easy —> easily (wot ‘easyly’)
happy —> happily
lucky —» luckily
heavy —> heavily
y does not change to i if the ending is -a y /-ey /-o y /-u y :
holiday —> holidays (not ‘holidaies’)
enjoy —» enjoys/enjoyed
stay —> stays/stayed
but
say —» said
[2 4 4 ]
pay —>paid
(irregular verbs)
buy —> buys
key —> keys
5.3
-ing
Verbs that end in -e (m ake/w rite/drive etc.) —> -$/ing:
make —> making
write —» writing
come —> coming
Verbs that end in -ie —> -ying:
lie —» lying
die —> dying
5.4
dance —> dancing
tie —> tying
stop —> stopped, big —>bigger etc.
Vowels and consonants:
Vowel letters:
Consonant letters:
a
b
e i o n
c d f g k
l
m
n
p
r
s
t
w
y
Sometimes a word ends in a vowel + a consonant. For example: stop, big, get.
Before -in g /-e d /-e r/-e st, the consonant at the end ( -p /-g /- t etc.) is ‘doubled’ (-p p -/-g g -/-tt- etc.).
For example:
stop
run
get
swim
big
hot
thin
V +C
ST O P
RU N
GE T
SW I M
BI G
H O T
TH I N
P
n
t
m
g
t
n
—> PP
—> nn
—> tt
—» m m
—» gg
tt
nn
stopping
running
getting
swimming
bigger
hotter
thinner
stopped
V = vowel
C = consonant
biggest
hottest
thinnest
This does not happen
(1) if the word ends in two consonant letters (C + C):
help
work
fast
C+C
HE L P
WO R K
FA S T
helping
working
faster
helped
worked
fastest
(2) if the word ends in two vowel letters + a consonant letter (V + V + C):
need
wait
cheap
v+v+c
N E E D
W A I T
CH E A P
needing
waiting
cheaper
needed
waited
cheapest
(3) in longer words (two syllables or more) if the last part of the word is not stressed:
stress
happen
visit
remember
but
prefer
begin
H A P-pen
VIS-it
re-M EM -ber
pre-FER
be-G IN
—> happening/happened (not ‘happenned’)
-> visiting/ visited
—> remembering/remembered
(stress at the end)
(stress at the end)
—> preferring/preferred
—> beginning
(4) if the word ends in -y or -w. (At the end of words, y and w arc not consonants.)
enjoy —» enjoying/enjoyed
snow/snowing/snowed
few/fewer/fewest
[2 4 5 ]
Appendix 6
Phrasal verbs (look out / take off etc.)
This is a list o f some im portant phrasal verbs (=> U nit 107).
out
look out / watch out = be careful:
• Look out! There’s a car coming!
c o m e on = be quick / hurry:
(H old on ct m inute.)
• Com e on! Everybody is waiting for you.
hold on = wait:
• C a n you hold on
a
minute? (= can you wait?)
carry on = continue:
• Don’t stop working. Carry on. (= continue working)
•
A: Excuse me, where is the station, please?
B: Carry on along this road and turn right at the lights. (=Continue along ...)
also go on / walk on / drive on etc. = continue going etc.:
• Don’t stop here. Drive on.
get on = manage (in a job, at school, in an exam etc.):
• How are you getting on in your new job? (= are youdoing OK?)
off
take off = leave the ground (for planes):
• The plane took off 20 minutes late
but landed on time.
up
wake up = stop sleeping:
• 1often wake up in the middle of the night
W A K E UP
speak up = speak more loudly:
• 1 can’t hear you. Can you speak up a bit?
hurry up = do something more quickly:
• H urry up! We haven’t got much time.
wash up = wash the plates etc. after a meal:
• Do you want me to wash up?
(or ... to do the washing-up?)
grow up = become an adult:
• What docs your son want to do when he grows up?
give up = stop trying:
• I know it’s difficult but don’t give up. (= don’t stop trying)
down
slow down = go more slowly:
• You’re driving too fast. Slow down.
I1RF.AK D O W N
break down = stop working (for airs /machines etc.):
• Sue was very late because her car broke down.
over
[2 4 6 ]
fall over = lose your balance:
• 1 fell over because my shoes were too big for me.
FALL O V E R
Appendix 7
Phrasal verbs + object
in a form / put out a fire etc.)
This is a list o f some im portant phrasal verbs + object (=> U nit 108).
in
out
fill in (a form) = complete (a form):
• Can yon fill in this form, please?
p ut out (a fire / a cigarette):
• The fire brigade arrived and put the fire out.
Ilf PILL IN
...
PUT O U T
cross out (a mistake / a word etc.):
• If you make a mistake, cross it out.
/
CROSS O U T
on
try on (clothes) = put on clothes to see if they fit you:
• (in a shop) This is a nice jacket. Shall I try it on?
up
give up = stop something that you do:
• Tom gave up sm oking five years ago. (= lie stopped smoking)
• ‘Are you still learning Italian?’ ‘No, I gave it up.’
ring up = (tele)phone:
• Sue rang m e up last night. (also ‘Sue rang m e last night.’ without ‘up’)
look up (a word in a dictionary etc.):
• I didn’t know the meaning of the word, so 1looked it up in a dictionary.
turn up = make louder (TV, radio, music etc.)
• Can you turn the radio up? I can’t hear it.
down
knock down (a building) = demolish:
• They are going to knock dow n the school
and build a new one.
KNOCK
N
turn down = make more quiet (TV, radio, music etc.):
• The music is too loud. Can you turn it down?
away
throw away (rubbish, things you don’t want):
• These apples are bad. Shall I throw them away?
• Don’t throw away that picture. I want it.
put away = put something in the place where you usually keep it:
• After they finished playing, the children put their toys away.
back
pay somebody back (money that you borrowed):
• Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back next week.
over
knock over (a cup / a glass / a person etc.):
• Be careful. Don’t knock your cup over.
• 'There was an accident at the end of the
road. A man was knocked over by a car.
(or A man was knocked down by a car.)
round/ show (somebody) round/around = take somebody on a tour of a place:
around
• We visited a factory last week. The manager showed us round.
K N O C K O V E R 01KNOCK DOWN
Additional exercises
List o f exercises:
1-2
3
4
5 -7
8-9
10
14
-
3
15
16-18
19-22
23
2 4 -2 7
28
29
30
3 1 -3 2
33
a m /is /a re
present continuous
present simple
present simple, a m /is /a r e and have (got)
present continuous and present simple
w a s/w e re and past simple
past simple and past continuous
present and past
present perfect
present perfect and past simple
present, past and present perfect
passive
future
past, present and future
-in g and infinitive
a and the
prepositions
UNITS 1 -2
UNITS 3 -4
UNITS 5 -7
units
1 -2 , 5 -7 , 9
UNITS 3 -8
UNITS 1 0 -1 2
UNITS 1 1 -1 4
UNITS 3 -1 4
UNITS 1 5 -1 9
UNITS 1 8 -2 0
UNITS 3 -2 0
UNITS 2 1 -2 2
UNITS 2 6 -2 9
UNITS 3 -2 0 , 2 6 -2 9
units
5 0 -5 4 , 9 8 ,1 0 5
units
6 4 , 6 8 -7 2
M f l l U U 'U
am /is/are
UNITS 1 - 2
Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes +is/isn’t/are/aren’t.
ANN
0 ••>£f No, thank
V
you.
I iie-vemdows
.A 1114
/VI111
Kate
T he children
Bin
T he books
T he hotel
T he bus
on the table
hungry
asleep
open
full
near the station
a doctor
h /-in«\i r
frappy
1 The windows are. open.
2 Ann isn’t happy .
3 K a te ...............................
4
...............................................
5 ........................................
6 ...................................
7 ........................................
8 ...................................
Complete the sentences.
1 ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, but J.S?. thirsty.’
2 ‘Jiow <u'e your parents?’ ‘They’re very well.’
3 ‘Is Linda at hom e?’ ‘N o ,................................................at work.’
4... ‘............................................. my keys?’ ‘In the kitchen.’
5 W here is Pete from? .............................................. American or British?
6 ............................................. hot today. T he temperature is 35 degrees.
7 ‘Are you a teacher?’ ‘N o ,................................................. a student.’
8... ‘............................................. your umbrella?’ ‘Green.’
9 W here’s your car? ...............................................in the car park?
10... ‘............................................. tired?’ ‘No, I’m fine.’
11 ‘............................................. these oranges?’ ‘T hirty pence each.’
present co n tin u o u s (I’ m w orking / are you w o rkin g ? etc.)
UNITS3 -4
Use the words in brackets to write sentences.
1 A:
B:
2 A:
B:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
W here are your parents?
.I^V e.w atehh'gT V ,
(they/w atch/TV )
Paula is going out.
W h^e’sjshe.gomg?
(where/she/go?)
W here’s David?
................................................................................
...............................................................................?
No, they’re asleep.
...............................................................................?
No, not at the m om ent.
W here are Sue and Steve?
...............................................................................
.............................................................................. ?
...............................................................................
(he/have/a bath)
(the children/play?)
(it/rain?)
(they/com e/now )
(why/you/stand/here?)
(I/w ait/for somebody)
present sim ple (I w ork / she d o e sn ’t w ork / do you w ork? etc.)
UNITS 5-7
Complete the sentences. Use the present simple.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
arrwe-s.....at work early. (Sue/always/arrive)
We don t wgfck
TV very often, (w e/not/w atch)
H ow often A o . m . ^ h
.. your hair? (you/wash)
1 want to go to the cinema b u t...............................................................to go. (C hris/not/w ant)
.....................................................................to go out this evening? (you/want)
.....................................................................near here? (Ann/live)
.....................................................................a lot o f people. (Sarah/know)
I enjoy travelling b u t ...................................................................... very much. (1/not/travel)
W hat tim e .....................................................................in the morning? (you/usually/get up)
My parents are usually at hom e in the evening..........................................................................
very often, (they/not/go out)
work at five o ’clock. (Tim/always/fmish)
A: W h a t.....................................................................? (Jill/do)
B:
in a hotel, (she/work)
[249]
present sim ple, am /is/are and have (got)
units
1-2, 5-7, 9
Read the questions and Claire’s answers. Then write sentences about Claire.
_A\___________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
Are you married?
Do you live in London?
Are you a student?
Have you got a car?
D o you go out a lot?
Have you got a Jot o f friends?
Do you like London?
Do you like dancing?
Are you interested in sport?
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
[No. )
Complete the questions.
W Hoi’s your name ?
................. married?
✓
W here
any children?
H o w ...
Brian.
Yes, I am.
In Barton Road.
Yes, a daughter.
She’s three.
?
?
......................................................... your job?
................................................................ a car?
............................................... to work by car?
I’m 29.
I work in a supermarket.
No, I hate it.
Yes, I have.
N o, I usually go by bus.
W ho is this man?
..in London?
7
Make sentences from these words.
1 Sarah often / tennis
2 I / a new car
3 my shoes / dirty
4 Sonia / 32 years old
5 I / two sisters
6 we often / TV in the evening
7 Ann never / a hat
8 a bicycle / two wheels
9 these flowers / beautiful
10 Mary / Germ an very well
1250]
Sarah often plays te n n is.
l y e got a. new c a r .
My shoes are d irty .
S o n ia ..................................
T hat’s my brother.
Michael.
H e ’s a travel agent.
No, in Manchester.
present co n tin u o u s (I’ m w orking) and presen t sim p le (I work)
8
units 3 -8
Complete the sentences.
Please be quiet,
’m workmg, ( |/ Wori
/J ? o gow. often
(you/often/go) to
v the cinema? J
.....................(I/go)
now. Goodbye!
................................(it/rain)
Can I take this umbrella?
~\
Excuse me.
(I/not/watch) TV very much,
9
(we/look) for
museum.
.
W hat’s this word? How
/on/pronounce) it?
Which is right?
1 ‘An^yr-HH^eakdng-/ D o you speak English?’
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1l
12
‘Yes, a little.’
Do you speak is right
Sometimes w e’re going / we go away at weekends.
It’s a nice day today. T he sun is shining / shines.
(You meet A n n in the street.) Hello, Ann. W here are you i/oiny / do you go?
H ow often are you going / do you go on holiday?
Emily is a writer. She’s w riting / She writes books for children.
I’m never reading / I never read newspapers.
‘W here are Michael and Jane?’ ‘They’re watching / They watch TV in the living room.’
Helen is in her office. She’s talking / She talks to somebody.
W hat time are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
John isn’t at hom e at the m oment. H e’s visiting / He visits some friends.
‘Would you like some tea?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m not drinking / 1 don’t drink tea.’
[251
w as/w ere and past sim p le (I w orked / did you w ork? etc.)
10
UNITS 10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only.
1 I gof up early and
a shower.
Tom was tired last night, so h e ..................................to bed early.
I................................... this pen on the floor. Is it yours?
Kate got m arried w hen s h e ................................... 23.
Helen is learning to drive. S h e ................................. her first lesson yesterday.
6 ‘I’ve got a new job.’ ‘Yes, I know. D a v id ................................... me.’
7 ‘W here did you buy that book?’ ‘It was a present. A n n ...................................it to me.’
8 W e ...................................hungry, sowe had something to eat.
9 ‘Did you enjoy the film?’ ‘Yes, I ................................... it was very good.’
10 ‘D id Mary come to your party?’ ‘N o, w e
her, but she didn’t come.’
2
3
4
5
11
Look at the questions and Kevin’s answers.
Write sentences about Kevin when he was a child
W hen you were a child ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
12
Were you tall?
Did you like school?
Were you good at sport?
Did you play football?
1)ul vou work hard at school?
Did you have a lot o f friends?
Did you have a bicycle?
Were you a quiet child?
Complete the questions.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
No.
s
a nice holiday?
Where cUd. you go ?
..........................................there?
.............................. Amsterdam?
?
..........................................good?
......................................... back?
13
dL v
Yes, it was great, thanks.
To Amsterdam.
Five days.
Yes, very much.
I have friends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with them.
Yes, it was warm and sunny.
Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative or question).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[252]
1 He wasn’t tall.
2
3 He
4
5
6
7
8
It was a good party. Lp*U°yp4r
it. (I/enjoy)
‘.P?h|r..!J®y..4® the shopping?’ (you/do) ‘No, I .4*4**..P. hay.P time.’ (I/have)
‘D id you phone Alan?’ ‘N o, I’m afraid.................................................................... ’ (I/forget)
I like your new watch. W h e re ..................................................................... it? (you/get)
I saw Lucy at the party b u t ...................................................................... to her. (I/speak)
A: ...................................................................... a nice weekend? (you/have)
B: Yes, I went to stay with some friends o f mine.
Paul wasn’t well yesterday, so ..................................................................... to work, (he/go)
‘Is M ary here?’ ‘Yes,
five minutes ago.’ (she/arrive)
W h e re
before he came here? (Robert/live)
T he restaurant wasn’t expensive..........................................................very m uch, (the meal/cost)
past sim p le (I worked) and past co n tin u o u s (I w as w orking)
UNITS11—14
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous.
momuig
It
out.
raining (niin) when we ..wwfc... (go)
J ^ P A U lT
W hen I arrived at the office, Jane and Paul
...........................................(work) at their desks.
(open) the w indow
(ring) while
(cook) the dinner.
(hear) a noise outside, so I
(look) out o f the window.
T o rn ....................... (look) out o f the window
w hen the accident ............................. (happen)
because it was hot.
R IC H A R D
Richard had a book in his hand but he
(not/read) it.
H e ............................................... (watch) TV.
o
"' W S l
W f >UKtt-
Catherine bought a magazine but she
..............................................(not/read) it,
She didn’t have time.
I ...............................................(finish) my meal,
...............................................(pay) the bill and
(leave) the restaurant.
1 .................................(see) Kate this m orning. I
..................................(walk) along the street and
s h e ......................................... (wait) for the bus.
■Ra te
present and past
15
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
You can turn off the television. I ’m not watching
(not/watch) it.
Last night Jenny
(fall) asleep while she was reading (read).
Listen! S om ebody..................................................... (play) die piano.
‘Have you got my key?’ ‘No, I ..................................................... (give) it back to you.’
David is very lazy. H e ....................................................... (not/like) hard work .
W h e re ..................................................... (your parents/go) for their holidays last year?
I .................................................... (see) Diane yesterday. S h e ..................................................
(drive) her new car.
A: ................................................... (you/watch) television very often?
B: N o, I haven’t got a television set.
A: W h a t..................................................... (you/do) at 6 o ’clock last Sunday morning?
B: I was in bed asleep.
Andy isn’t at hom e.v ery much. H e ..................................................(go) away a lot.
I
(try) to find a job at the m om ent. It’s very difficult.
I’m tired this m orning. I ..................................................... (not/sleep) very well last night.
present perfect (I have done / she has been etc.)
12 5 4 ]
3 -14
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms:
the present simple (I work etc.)
the present continuous (I am working etc.)
the past simple (I worked etc.)
the past continuous (I was working etc.)
1
2
3
4
5
16
UNITS
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
u n its
15-19
I’m looking for Julia.
. her?y
( More coffee?)
13 f | ) q you know Norman?)
A Hss, we
each ocher for
long time.^y
17
Complete the sentences (1,2 or
3 words).
1
2
3
4
5
Mark and Liz are married. They
.. m arried for five years.
David has been watching TV 5L*?ce. 5 o ’clock.
M artin is at work. H e ....................................................at w ork since 8.30.
‘Have you just arrived in London?’ ‘N o, I’ve been h e re ..............................................five days.’
I’ve knowrn A n n
we were at school together.
6 ‘My brother lives in Los Angeles.’ ‘Really? How' lo n g .......................................................there?’
7 George has had the same j o b ..................................................... 20 years.
8 Some friends o f ours are staying with us at the m om ent. T h e y ....................................................
here since Monday.
18
Complete the sentences. Write about yourself.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I’ve never rizULen a. Horse.
I’ve ..
London niany times.
I’ve j u s t .....................................................................................................................................................
I’v e ...........................................................................................................................................................
(once / twice / a few tunes / many times)
I haven’t ............................................................................................................. yet.
I’ve n e v e r.................................................................................................................
I’v e ........................................................................sin c e ..........................................
I’v e ........................................................................f o r ..............................................
present perfect (I have done etc.) and past sim p le (I did etc.)
19
Present perfect or past simple? Complete the sentences (positive or negative).
1 A:
B:
2 A:
B:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
8 A:
B:
9 A:
B:
10 A:
B:
11 A:
B:
[256]
units
Do you like London?
I don’t know. I ha.yen t been
there.
Have you seen Ann?
Yes, I .?.!**! her five minutes ago.
T hat’s a nice sweater. Is it new?
Yes, I ............................................... it last week.
Are you tired this morning?
Yes, I ............................................... to bed late last night.
Do you want the newspaper or can I have it?
You can have it. I ........................................... it.
Are you enjoying your new job?
I ..............................................yet. M y first day is next Monday.
The weather isn’t very nice today, is it?
No, but i t
very nice yesterday.
Was Linda at the party' 011Saturday?
I don’t think so. I ........................................... her there.
Is your son still at school?
N o, h e
school two years ago.
Is Sylvia married?
Yes, s h e ............................................... m arried for five years.
Have you heard o f George Washington?
O f course. H e
the first President o f the U nited States.
1 8 -2 0
20
Make sentences from the words in brackets (...). Use the present perfect or past simple.
1 A: Have you been to Scotland?
B: Yes, ! weh t <4iere U s t
(] / go / there / last year)
2 A: D o you like London?
B: I don’t know. 1J . f k . ..!>?**>..&>.?**:.■.... (1 / never / there)
21
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
B:
W hat time is Paul going out?
(he / already / go)
.............................................................................................................
Has Catherine gone home?
(she / go / at 4 o ’clock)
Yes,.....................................................................................................
N ew York is my favourite city.
Is it? ....................................................................................? (how many times / you / there?)
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
W hat are you doing this weekend?
I don’t know. .........................................................................................
8 A:
B:
9 A:
B:
Are you hungry?
N o ,.............................................................................................................................
(I / not / decide / yet)
I can’t find my address book. Have you seen it?
......................................................................................................... (it / on the table / last night)
Paula and Sue are here.
Are they?
(I/ just / eat)
? (what time / they / arrive?)
Present perfect or past sim ple? Complete the sentences.
1 A:
B:
A:
B:
.Hflwe.aqu.been...to France?
Yes, many times.
W h e n ............................................. the last time
Two years ago.
2 A:
B:
A:
B:
Is this your car?
Yes, it is.
H ow lo n g ..............................................it?
v
It’s new. 1...............................it yesterday. " [
^h®iSl
\
\
C
*5^1‘/5
1
\jyowr car? / r ^ ) \
3 A:
B:
A:
B:
W here do you live?
In Harold Street.
I low lo n g ..............................................there?
Five years. Before th a t........................................
in Mill Road.
A: H ow lo n g ................................ in Mill Road?
B: About three years.
4 A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
W hat do you do?
I work in a shop.
How lo n g ..............................................there?
Nearly two years.
W h a t............................................. before that?
I
.....................................a taxi driver.
m is
[257]
22
Write sentences about yourself.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(yesterday morning)
I was Uie.forwori: yest^iajy rooming.
(last night)............................... ......................................................................
(yesterday afternoon)...................................................................................
(... days ago)..................................................................................................
(last week)............................... ......................................................................
(last year)................................. ......................................................................
UNITS3 -2 0
present, past and present perfect
23
Which is right?
1
5 e working ?’ ‘No, she’s on holiday.’
A Does Sue work
B Is working Sue
C Is Sue working
D Does work Sue
2 ‘W h e re .......................................................... ?’ ‘In a village near London.’
A lives your uncle
B does your uncle Jive
C your uncle lives
D does live your uncle
3 I speak Italian h u t ......................................................... French.
A I speak not
B I’m not speaking
C 1 doesn’t speak
D I d o n ’t speak
4 ‘W here’s Tom?’ ‘........................................................ a shower at the m om ent.’
A H e’s having
B H e have
C H e has
D H e has had
5 W h y .......................................................... angry with me yesterday?
A were you
B was you
C you were
D have you been
6 My favourite film is Cleo’s Dream ................................................................it four times.
A I’m seeing
B I see
C I saw
D I’ve seen
7 1 .......................................................... out last night. 1 was too tired.
A don’t go
B didn’t w ent
C didn’t go
D haven’t gone
8 Liz is from Edinburgh. S h e .......................................................... there all her life.
A is living
B has lived
C lives
D lived
9 My frie n d .......................................................... for me w hen I arrived.
A waited
B has waited
C was waiting
D has been waiting
10 ‘H ow lo n g ...........................................................English?’ ‘Six months.’
A do you learn
B are you learning
C you are learning
D have you been learning
11 M artin is English but he lives in France. He has been th e re .........................................................
A for three years
B since three years
C three years ago
D during three years
12 ‘W bat tim e .......................................................... ?’ ‘About an hour ago.’
A has Ann phoned
B Ann has phoned
C did Ann phone
D is A nn phoning
13 W h a t
w hen you saw her?
A did Sue wear
B was Sue wearing
C has Sue worn
D was wearing Sue
14 ‘C an you drive?’ ‘N o ,.......................................................... a car but I want to learn.’
A I never drove
B I’m never driving
C I’ve never driven
D 1 was never driving
15 I saw Lisa at the station when I was going to work this m orning but s h e ............................. me.
A didn’t see
B don’t see
C hasn’t seen
D didn’t saw
[2 5 8 ]
UNITS 2 1 -2 2 , APPENDIX 1
passive
Complete the sentences.
These houses
.... 2 0 years ago.
Before chat there was a cinema here but the
building................................... (damage) in a fire
and had t o ................................... (knock down).
This b rid g e ...............................(build) in 1925.
I t ................................... (use) by hundreds o f
people every day. At the m om ent the bridge
............................................... (paint).
This street................................... (call) W ilton
Street. It used t o ................................... (call)
James Street but the n a m e ...............................
(change) a few years ago.
This is a bicycle factory. Bicycles................
.........................(make) here since 1931. It’s
the largest bicycle factory in the country —
hundreds o f bicycles..................................
(produce) here every year.
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
We....................... ...(invite) to the party but we didn’t go.
T he museum is very popular. Every year i t ..................................(visit) by thousands o f people.
M any buildings...........................................................(damage) in the storm last week.
A new road is going t o ...........................................................(build) next year.
‘W here’s your jacket?’ ‘I t ..................................................... (clean). It will be ready tomorrow.’
She’s famous now, but in a few years her name w ill..........................................................(forget).
‘Shall I do the washing-up?’ ‘No, i t ........................................................................ (already/do).’
Milk sh o u ld
(keep) in a fridge.
....................................................................................... (you/ever/bite) by a snake?
My b a g .......................................................... (steal) from my car yesterday afternoon.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
Somebody has stolen my keys.
Somebody stole my car last week.
Somebody wants you on the phone.
Somebody has eaten the bananas.
Somebody will repair the machine.
6 Somebody is watching us.
7 Somebody has to buy the food.
..^9
Haye. been stolen.
M y c a r ................................................................................
Y o u ......................................................................................
T h e ......................................................................................
T h e ......................................................................................
W e .......................................................................................
T h e ......................................................................................
Active or passive? Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
They
btutding...(build) a new airport at the m oment.
These shirts are clean now. They . ha.ve been washed....(wash).
‘How did you fall?’
‘Som ebody....... ...................................................(push) me.’
‘How did you fill?’
‘I ......................... ..................................(push).’
I can’t find my bag. Som ebody ............. ..............................................(take) it!
My watch is broken. I t ........................... ............................... (repair) at the m om ent.
W h o ........................................................... (invent) the camera?
W h e n ......................................................... ............. (the camera/invent)?
T he letter was for me, so w h y ................ ...........................................(they/send) it to vou?
T he information w ill........................................................... (send) to you as soon as possible.
future
28
units
2 6 -2 9
Which is the best alternative?
1
W9 r 9 h<wbv) a party next Sunday. I hope you can come.
A We have
B W e’re having
C W e’ll have
2 D o you know about Sally? ........................................................ her job. She told me last week.
A She leaves
B She’s going to leave
C She’ll leave
3 T here’s a programme on television that I want to w atch
minutes.
A It starts
B It’s starting
C It will start
4 The weather is nice now but I th in k .......................................................... later.
A it rains
B it’s raining
C it will rain
in five
5 ‘W h a t.......................................................... next weekend?’ ‘N othing special. W hy?’
A do you do
B are you doing
C will you do
6 ‘W hen you see Ann, can you ask her to phone me?’ ‘O K ,................................................. her.’
A I ask
B I’m going to ask
C I’ll ask
7 ‘W hat would you like to drink, tea or coffee?’ ‘.........................................................tea, please.’
A I have
B I’m going to have
C I’ll have
8 IDon’t take that newspaper away. ..........................................................it.
A I read
B I’m going to read
C I’ll read
9 Rachel is ill, s o
to the party tom orrow night.
A she doesn’t come
B she isn’t com ing
C she w on’t come
10 1 want to m eet Sarah at the station. W hat tim e .......................................................... ?
A does her train arrive
B is her train going to arrive
C is her train arriving
11 ‘Will you be at hom e tom orrow evening?’ ‘N o ..............................................................’
A I go out
B I’m going out
C I’ll go out
12 ‘.......................................................... you tom orrow ?’ ‘Yes, OK.’
A Do I phone
B Am I going to phone
C Shall I phone
[2601
past, present and future
29
u n it s
3 -2 0 , 2 6 -2 9
Complete the sentences.
1 A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
C’ld ijow go (you/go) out last night?
N o , ....................................................(I/stay) at home.
W h a t..................................................... (you/do)?
..................................................... (I/watch) television.
(you/go) out tom orrow night?
Yes,..................................................... (I/go) to the cinema.
W hich film ..................................... ; ............ (you/see)?
........................................... (I/n o t/k n o w )........................................................ (I/not/decide) yet.
2 A: Are you on holiday here?
B: Yes, we are.
A: How lo n g ..............................
B: ................................................
A:
B:
A:
B:
And how lo n g ......................
Until the end o f next week.
A n d ........................................
Yes,.........................................
a wonderful time.
...................(you/be) here?
(we/arrive) yesterday.
.......................... (you/stay)?
(you/like) it here?
(we/have)
3 A: O h ,
(I/just/rernernber) - ..................................................
(Jill/phone) while you were out.
B: ................................................... (she/always/phone) when I’m not here.
................................................... (she/leave) a message?
A: No, b u t ................................................. (she/want) you to phone her back as soon as possible.
B: O K ,
(1/phone) her now.
....................................................(you/know) her number?
A: It’s in my address book...........................................................(I/get) it for you.
4 A: ................................................... (I/go) out w ith Chris and Steve this evening.
................................................... (you/want) to come with us?
B: Yes, w h e re ..................................................... (you/go)?
A: To the Italian restaurant in N orth Street..................................................(you/ever/eat) there?
B: Yes,................................... (1/be) there two or three times. In fact I ................................... (go)
there last night but I’d love to go again!
B:
A: W ell,......................
so where are they?
B: ................................
A: N o ,........................
(I/lose) my glasses again,
(you/see) them?
(you/wear) them when
(I/com e) in.
(I/not/w ear) them now,
(you/look) in the kitchen?
(I/go) and look now
[2 6 1 ]
-ing and infinitive
UNITS 5 0 -5 4 , 9 8 ,1 0 5
Which is correct?
1 D on’t forget
A switch
swiidi.. off the light before you go out.
B. to switch
C switching
2 It’s late. 1 m u st.............................................now.
A go
B to go
C going
3 I’m sorry but I haven’t got tim e ................................................to you now.
A for talking
B to talk
C talking
4 Bill is always in the kitchen. He enjoys................................................
A cook
B to cook
C cooking
5 We’ve d ecided.............................................. away for a few days.
A go
B to go
C going
6 You’re making too m uch noise. Can you please s to p .............................................. ?
A shout
B to shout
C shouting
7 Would you lik e
to dinner on Sunday?
A come
B to come
C coming
8 That bag is too heavy for you. Let m e ............................................... you.
A help
B to help
C helping
9 T here’s a swimming pool near my house. I g o
every day.
A to swim
B to swimming
C swimming
10 Did you use a dictionary ............................................... the letter?
A to translate
B for translating
C for translate
11 I’d lo v e ...............................................a car like yours.
A have
B to have
C having
12 Could y o u ............................................... me with this bag, please?
A help
B to help
C helping
13 I don’t m in d
here but I’d prefer to sit by the window.
A sit
B to sit
C sitting
14 Do you w a n t............................................... you?
A that I help
B me to help
C me helping
15 I always read the newspaper b efo re............................................... work.
A start
B to start
C starting
16 I wasn’t feeling very well but the m edicine made m e .............................................. better.
A feel
B to feel
C feeling
17 Shall I phone the restaurant..............................................a table?
A for reserve
B for reserving
C to reserve
18 Tom looked at me w ith o u t............................................... anything.
A say
B saying
C to say
a and the
31
units 64,
68-72
Complete the sentences
1§§r) (fr/
3 ( Have you got any milk? j
i f l
( W hat do yon d o ? )
( Yes, there’s some in
I don’t feel very well.
I don’t want to go to
I went to
( I’m interested in
(W hat’s the difference between those cars?)-
Nothing, they’re
|263]
32
Put in a/an or the where necessary. If a/an/the are not necessary, leave an empty space (-).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
W ho is
best player in your team?
I don’t watch . ~... television very often.
‘Is there
bank near here?’ ‘Yes, at dbe end o f this street.’
I can’t r id e
horse.
sky is very clear tonight.
D o you live here or are y o u
tourist?
W hat did you have f o r
lunch?
W ho w a s
first President o f
U nited States?
‘W hat time isit?’ ‘I don’t know. 1 haven’t g o t
watch.’
I’m sorry but I’ve forgotten your name. 1 can never rem em ber
names.
W hat time i s
next train to London?
Kate never w rite s
letters. She prefers to. phone people.
‘W here’s Sue?’ ‘She’s i n
garden.’
Excuse me, I’m looking f o r
Majestic Hotel. Is it near here?
Gary was ill........ last week, so he didn’t go t o ..............work.
Everest i s ........highest m ountain in
world.
I usually listen t o
radio while I ’m having
breakfast.
1 lik e
sport. My favourite sport i s
basketball.
Julia i s
doctor. H er husband i s
art teacher.
M y apartment is o n
second floor. Turn left a t
top o f
stairs, and its on
right.
21 A fter
dinner, we w atched
television.
22 Last year we h a d
wonderful holiday i n
south o f
France.
p re p o sitio n s
Put in a preposition (in/for/by etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[264]
Helen is studying law ...**.. university.
W hat is the longest riv e r
Europe?
Is there anything
television this
evening?
We arriv ed
the hotel after midnight.
‘W here’s Mike?’ ‘H e’s ............holiday.’
Tom hasn’t got up yet. H e ’s still.......... bed.
Linda is away. She’s been aw ay
Monday.
T he next m eeting i s ........... 15 April.
I usually go to w o rk ............. car.
T here’s too m uch sugar
my coffee.
Kevin lived in L o n d o n
six months. He didn’t like it very much.
Were there a lot o f p e o p le
the party?
W hat are you d o in g t he moment? Are you working?
I don’t know any o f the p e o p le ...........this photograph.
The train was very slow. It sto p p e d
every station.
I like this room. I like the p ictures................the walls.
‘Did you buy that picture?’ ‘N o, it was given to m e
a friend o f mine.’
I’m going aw ay..........a few days. I’ll be b a c k ..............Thursday.
Silvia has g o n e
Italy. She’s
Milan at the m oment.
Ann left school
fifteen and got a jo b
a shop.
.
33
units 9 6 -1 0 1 ,1 0 4
Key to Exercises
1.1
2 they’re
3
4
5
6
it’s n o t / it isn ’t
th a t’s
I ’m n o t
y o u ’re n o t / y o u a re n ’t
1.2
2 ’m /a m
3 is
4 are
5 ’s/is
6 are
7 is ... are
8 ’m /a m ... is
5 M v h an d s are c o ld , or
M y h a n d s aren’t / are not
co ld .
6 C a n a d a is a v e ry b ig c o u n try .
7 D ia m o n d s aren’t / arc not
ch e ap .
8 I’m / 1 am in te re ste d in
fo o tb all, or
I’m not / I am not in te re ste d
in fo o tb all.
9 R o m e isn’t / is n o t in S pain.
1.3
2.1
2 M y b ro th e r is a teac h er.
3 T h is h o u se i s n ’t / is n o t very'
big.
4 T h e shops a r e n ’t / a r e n o t
o p e n today.
5 M y keys a r e in m y bag.
6 J e n n y is 18 years old.
7 Y o u a r e n ’t / a r e n o t v e ry tall.
2
3
4
5
1.4
Example answers:
1
2
3
4
5
6
My
I’m
I ’m
I’m
I ’m
My
an d
7 I’m
n a m e is R o b e r t.
fro m A ustralia.
25.
a c o m p u te r p ro g ra m m e r.
m arried .
fav o u rite co lo u rs arc b lack
w h ite .
in te re ste d in m ach in e s.
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
T h e y ’r e / T h e y are cold.
H e ’s / H e is h o t.
H e ’s / H c is afraid.
T h e y ’r e / T h e y are h u n g ry .
S h e ’s /S h e is angry
1.6
2 I ’m / I a m h u n g ry , or
I ’m n o t / I a m n o t h u n g ry .
3 I t ’s / I t is w a rm to d ay , or
I t is n ’t / I t ’s n o t w a rm to d ay .
4 I ’m / I a m afraid o f d o g s, or
I ’m n o t / I a m n o t afraid o f
dogs.
4 Y es, th e y are. or
N o , th e y a re n ’t. / N o , th e y ’re
n o t.
5 Y es, it is. or
N o , it isn ’t. / N o , it’s n o t.
6 Y es, I a m . or N o , I’m n o t.
UNIT 3
3.1
2 ’s/is waiting
3 ’re/are playing
4 He’s/He is lying
5 They’re/They are having
6 She’s/She is sitting
F
H
C
A
6
7
8
9
E
B
I
D
2 .2
3 Is y o u r j o b in te re stin g ?
4 A re th e sh o p s o p e n to d ay ?
5 A re y o u in te re ste d in sport?
6 Is th e p o st o ffice n e a r here?
7 A re y o u r c h ild re n at sch o o l?
8 W h y are y o u late?
2.3
2 W h e re is
3 H o w o ld are
4 H o w m u c h are
5 W h a t is
6 W h o is
7 W h a t c o lo u r are
2.4
2 A re y o u m a rrie d o r single?
3 A re y o u A m e ric a n ?
4 H o w o ld are y o u ?
5 A re y o u a te a c h e r?
6 Is y o u r w ife a law y er?
7 W h c rc ’s / W h e r e is sh e fro m ?
8 W h a t’s / W h a t is h e r n am e?
9 H o w o ld is she?
2.5
2 Y es, 1 am . or N o , I’m n o t.
3 Y es, it is. or
N o , it isn ’t. / N o , it’s n o t.
3.2
2 ’s/is cooking
3 ’re/are standing
4 is swimming
5 ’re/are staying
6 ’s/is having
7 ’re/are building
8 ’m/am going
3.3
3 She’s/She is sitting on the floor.
4 She’s not/She isn’t reading a
book.
5 She’s not/She isn’t playing the
piano.
6 She’s/She is laughing.
7 She’s/She is wearing a hat.
8 She’s not/She isn’t writing a
letter.
3.4
3 I’m sitting on a chair, or
I’m not sitting on a chair.
4 I’m eating, or I’m not eating.
5 It’s raining, or
It isn’t raining. / It’s not raining.
6 I’m learning English.
7 I’m listening to music, or
I’m not listening to music.
8 The sun is shining, or
The sun isn’t shining.
9 I’m wearing shoes, or
I’m not wearing shoes.
10 I’m not reading a newspaper.
[265]
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
UNIT 4
4.1
2 Are you going now?
3 Is it raining?
4 Are you enjoying the film?
5 Is that clock working?
6 Arc you writing a letter?
4.2
2 Where is she going?
3 What arc you eating?
4 Why are you crying?
5 What are they looking at?
6 Why is he laughing?
4.3
■3 Are you listening to me?
4 Where are your friends going?
5 Are your parents watching
television?
6 What is Ann cooking?
7 Why are you looking at me?
8 Is the bus coming?
4.4
2 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
3 Yes, 1 am. or No, I’m not.
4 Yes, it is. or
No, it isn’t. / No, it’s not.
5 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
6 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
UNIT 5
5.1
2 thinks
3 flies
4 dances
5.2
2 live
3 She eats
4 They play
5.3
2 open
3 closes
4 teaches
5 meet
6 washes
5 has
6 finishes
We always have dinner at 7.30.
Tim never watches television.
Children usually like chocolate.
Julia always enjoys parties.
5 They go
6 He sleeps
7 costs
8 cost
9 boils
10 like ... likes
6 don’t believe
7 like
8 doesn’t eat
5.5
Example answer.'::
2 I usually read in bed.
3 I often get up before 7 o’clock.
4 I never go to work by bus.
5 I usually drink two cups of
coffee in the morning.
UNIT 6
6.1
2 Jane doesn’t play the piano very
well.
3 They don’t know my phone
number.
4 We don’t work very hard.
5 He doesn’t have a bath every
day.
6 You don’t do the same thing
every day.
6.2
2 Carol doesn’t like classical music.
I like (or I don’t like) classical
music.
3 Bill and Rose don’t like boxing.
Carol likes boxing.
I like (or I don’t like) boxing.
4 Bill and Rose like horror films.
Carol doesn’t like horror films.
I like (or 1 don’t like) honor
films.
7.1
2 Do you play tennis?
3 Does Ann play tennis?
4 Do your friends live near here?
5 Does your brother speak
English?
6 I)o you do exercises every
morning?
7 Does Paul often go away?
8 Do you want to be famous?
9 Docs Linda work hard?
7.2
3 How often do you watch TV?
4 What do you want for dinner?
5 Do you like football?
6 Does your brother like
football?
7 What do you do in the
evenings?
8 Where does your sister work?
9 Do you often go to the cinema?
10 What does this word mean?
11 Does it often snow here?
12 What time do you usually go to
bed?
13 How much does it cost to
phone New York?
14 What do you usually have for
breakfast?
6.4
7.3
2 Do you enjoy / Do you like
3 do you start
4 Do you work
5 do you go
6 does he do
7 does he teach
8 Does he enjoy / Does he like
2 doesn’t use
3 don’t go
4 doesn’t wear
5 don’t know
6 doesn’t cost
7 don’t see
2
3
4
5
6.3
5.4
2 I often play basketball.
3 Margaret usually works hard.
4 Jenny always wears nice clothes.
[2 6 6 ]
5
6
7
8
2-5 You can use:
1never... (go/ride etc.) or
1often... or
I don’t .. .very often.
6.5
3 don’t know
4 doesn’t talk
5 drinks
7.4
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
I do. or No, I don’t.
1 do. or No, I don’t.
it does, or No, it doesn’t.
I do. or No, I don’t.
K E Y TO E X E R C I S E S
8.1
2 No, she isn’t.
Yes, she does.
She’s playing the piano.
3 Yes, lie does.
Yes, he is.
He’s cleaning a window.
4 No, they aren’t.
Yes, diey do.
They teach.
8.2
2 don’t
3 are
4 does
5 ’s /is ... don’t
6 do
7 does
8 doesn’t
8.3
4 is singing
5 She wants
6 do you read
7 you’re/you are sitting
8 I don’t understand
9 I’m going ... Are you coining
10 does your father
11 I’m not listening
12 He’s / He is cooking
13 doesn’t usually drive ... usually
walks
14 doesn’t like ... She prefers
9.1
2 he’s got
3 they’ve got
4 she hasn’t got
9.3
10.3
2 Tina hasn’t got a bicycle. / Tina
doesn’t have a bicycle.
I’ve got a bicycle. / 1 have a
bicycle, or 1 haven’t got a
bicycle. / 1don’t have a
bicycle.
3 Tina has got long hair. / Tina
has long hair.
I’ve got long hair. / I have long
hair, or I haven’t got long
hair. / I don’t have long hair.
4 Tina has got two sisters and two
brothers. / Tina has two__
(example answer) I’ve got two
brothers and one sister.
2
3
4
5
6
9.2
2 Have you got a passport? or
Do you have ...?
3 Has your Either got a car? or
Does your father have ...?
4 Has Carol got many friends? or
Does Carol have ... ?
5 Have you got any brothers or
sisters? or Do you have ...?
6 How much money have we got?
or ... do we have?
7 What kind of car has Julia got? or
... does Julia have?
3 ’s got / has got
4 haven’t got
5 ’ve got / have got
6 haven’t got
7 hasn’t got
9.5
3 have got four wheels (or have
four wheels)
4 ’s got / has got a lot of friends
(or has a lot of friends)
5 ’ve got / have got a toothache,
(or have a toothache)
6 hasn’t got a key (or doesn’t have
a key)
7 has got six legs (or has six legs)
8 haven’t got much time (or don’t
have much time)
UNIT 10
10.1
2 Carol and Jack were at/in the
cinema.
3 Sue was at the station.
4 Mr and Mrs Hall were in/at a
restaurant.
5 Ben was on the beach / on a
beach / at the seaside.
6 (example answer) I was at work.
10.2
2
3
4
5
is ... was
am
was
were
10.4
2 Was your exam difficult?
3 Where were Ann and Chris last
week?
4 How much was your new
camera?
5 Why were you angry yesterday?
6 Was the weather nice last week?
UNIT 11
9.4
5 it’s got
6 1haven’t got
wasn’t . . . was
was ... were
Were ... was... wasn’t
were
weren’t ... were
6 are
7 Was
11.1
2 opened
3 started ... finished
4 wanted
5 happened
6 rained
7 enjoyed ... stayed
8 died
11.2
2 saw
3 played
4 paid
5 visited
6 bought
7 went
11.3
2 got
3 had
4 left
5 drove
6 arrived
7 parked
8 went
8
9
10
11
12
thought
copied
knew
put
spoke
9
10
11
12
13
14
had
went
waited
departed
arrived
took
11.4
2 lost her keys
3 met her friends
4 bought two newspapers
5 went to the cinema
6 ate an orange
7 had a shower
8 came (to see us)
8 w as
9 are . . were
[2 6 7 ]
K E Y TO EXERC ISES
11.5
Example answers:
2 I got up late yesterday.
3 I met some friends at lunchtinie.
4 1 played tennis.
5 I wrote a letter.
6 1 lost my keys.
12.1
2 didn’t work
3 didn’t go
4 didn’t have
5 didn’t do
12.2
2
3
4
5
Did you enjoy the party?
Did you have a good holiday?
Did you finish work early?
Did you sleep well last night?
12.3
2 I got up before 7 o’clock, or
I didn’t get up before 7 o’clock.
3 I had a shower, or
1didn’t have a shower.
4 1 bought a magazine, or
1didn’t buy a magazine.
5 1 ate meat, or
I didn’t eat meat.
6 I went to bed before 10.30. or
I didn’t go to bed before 10.30.
12.4
2 did you arrive
3 Ilid you win
4 did you go
5 did it cost
6 Did you go to bed late
7 Did you have a nice time
8 did it happen / did that happen
12.5
2 bought
3 Did it rain
4 didn’t stay
5 opened
6 didn’t have
7 did you do
UNIT 13
13.1
2 Carol and Jack were at/in the
cinema. They were watching a
film.
3 Tom was in his car. He was
driving.
1268 1
4 Catherine was at the station. She
was waiting for a train.
5 Mr and Mrs Hall were in the
park. They were walking.
6 I was in a cafe. I was having a
drink with some friends.
13.2
2 she was swimming /she was
having a swim.
3 she was reading a/the
newspaper.
4 she was cooking (lunch).
5 she was having breakfast.
6 she was listening to music/...
listening to the radio.
13.3
2 What were you doing
3 Was it raining
4 Why was Ann driving so fast
5 Was Tim wearing a suit
13.4
2 He was carrying a bag.
3 He wasn’t going to the dentist.
4 He was eating an ice-cream.
5 He wasn’t carrying an umbrella.
6 He wasn’t going home.
7 He was wearing a hat.
8 He wasn’t riding a bicycle.
UNIT 14
14.1
1 happened ... was painting ... fell
2 arrived ... g o t... were waiting
3 was walking ... m e t... was
going ... was carrying... stopped
14.2
2 was studying
3 did the post arrive ... came ...
was having
4 didn’t go
5 were you driving ... stopped
... wasn’t driving
6 Did your team win ... didn’t
play
7 did you break the window ...
were playing ... kicked ... hit
8 Did you see ... was wearing
9 were you doing
10 lost ... did you get ... climbed
15.1
2 She has closed the door.
3 They have gone to bed.
4 It has stopped raining.
5 He has had a bath.
6 The picture has fallen down.
15.2
2 ’ve bought / have bought
3 ’s gone / has gone
4 Have you seen
5 has broken
6 ’ve told / have told
7 has taken
8 has she gone
9 ’ve forgotten / have forgotten
10 ’s invited / has invited
11 Have you decided
12 haven’t seen
UNIT 16
16.1
2 He’s/He has just got up.
3 They’ve/They have just
bought a car.
4 The race has just started.
16.2
2 they’ve/they have already seen
it.
3 I’ve/1 have already phoned
him.
4 He’s/He has already gone
(away).
5 I’ve/I have already read it.
6 She’s/She has already started
(it).
16.3
2 The bus has just gone.
3 The bus hasn’t gone yet.
4 He hasn’t opened it yet.
5 They’ve/They have just
finished their dinner.
6 It hasn’t stopped raining yet.
16.4
2 Have you met your new
neighbours yet?
3 Have you written the letter yet?
4 Has he/Tom sold his car yet?
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
m w m
17.1
3 Have you ever been to Australia?
4 Have you ever lost your
passport?
5 Have you ever flown in a
helicopter?
6 Have you ever eaten Chinese
food?
7 I lave you ever been to New
York?"
8 Have you ever driven a bus?
9 Have you ever broken your leg?
17.2
Helen:
2 Helen has never been to
Australia.
3 Helen/She has eaten Chinese
food a few times.
4 Helen/She has never driven a
bus.
Yon (example answers):
5 I’ve / 1 have
New York.
6 I’ve / I have
many times.
7 I’ve / 1 have
helicopter.
8 I’ve / I have
a few times.
never been to
played tennis
never flown in a
been late for work
17.3
2-6
She has done a lot of interesting
things.
She has travelled all over the
world, or She has been all over
the world.
She has been married three
times.
She has written ten books.
She has met a lot of interesting
people.
17.4
2 gone
3 been . been
4 been
5 gone
6 been
7 been
8 gone
18.1
3 have been
4 has been
5 have lived / have been living
6 has worked / has been working
7 has had
8 have been learning
18.2
2 How long have they been there
/ in Brazil?
3 How long have you known her?
4 How long has she been learning
Italian?
5 How long has he lived in
Canada? / How long has he
been living ...?
6 How long have you been a
teacher?
7 How long has it been raining?
18.3
2 She has lived in Wales all her life.
3 They have been on holiday since
Sunday.
4 The sun has been shining all day.
5 She has been waiting for ten
minutes.
6 He has had a beard since he w'as
20.
18.4
2 know
3 have known
4 have you been
5 works
6 has been
7 have you lived
8 I’ve had
9 is ... has b e en
UNIT 19
19.1
3 for
4 since
5 since
6 for
7 for
8 for ... since
19.2
Example answers:
2 A year ago.
3 A few days ago.
4 Two hours ago.
5 Six months ago.
19.3
3 for 20 years
4 20 years ago
5 ten minutes ago
6 an hour ago
7 for six months
8 for a long time
9 a few days ago
19.4
2 been here since Tuesday.
3 raining tor an hour.
4 known Sue for two years.
5 had my/a camera since 1989.
6 been married for six months.
7 been studying medicine (at
university) for three years.
8 played / been playing the
piano since he was seven years
old.
19.5
Example answers:
1 I’ve lived in ... all my life.
2 I’ve been in the same job for ten
years.
3 I’ve been learning English for six
months.
4 I’ve known Chris for a long
time.
5 I’ve had a headache since I got
up this morning.
20.1
2
3
4
5
1started (it) last week.
they arrived at 5 o’clock.
she went (away) on Friday.
I wore them yesterday.
20.2
3 W RONG
4 RIGHT
5 W RONG
6 RIGHT
7 W RONG
died
8 W RONG
- I finished
- did you finish
- Jim’s grandmother
- Where were you
20.3
3 played
4 did you go
5 Have you ever met
6 wasn’t
7 ’ve/have just washed
[2 6 9 |
K E Y TO E XER C ISES
8 w ashed
9 ’s/h a s visited
10 h asn ’t c o m e
20.4
1 D id y o u hav e
was
2 H a v e y o u seen
w ent
h a v e n ’t seen
3 has w o rk e d / has b e e n w o rk in g
was
w o rk e d
d id n ’t en jo y
4 ’v e /h a v e seen
’v e /h a v e n e v e r sp o k e n
H av e y o u e v e r sp o k en
m et
21.1
3 Glass is m a d e fro m sand.
4 Stam ps are sold in a p o st office.
5 T h is ro o m isn ’t used v e ry
o ften .
6 A re w e allo w e d to p a rk h e re ?
7 H o w is this w o rd p ro n o u n c e d ?
9 T h e h o u se w as p a in te d last
m o n th .
10 T h re e p e o p le w e re in ju re d in
th e a c cid en t.
11 M y bicycle w as sto len a few
days ago.
12 W h e n w as this b rid g e b u ilt?
13 W e re y o u in v ite d to th e p a rty
last w eek?
14 H o w w e re these w in d o w s
broken?
15 I w asn ’t w o k e n up b y th e
noise.
o
6
7
8
9
w as g iv e n
are sh o w n
w e re in v ite d
w as m a d e
w as sto le n . .. w as fo u n d
21.4
2 Sally w as b o rn in B irm in g h a m .
3 H e r p a re n ts w e re b o rn in
Irelan d .
4 I w as b o rn in ...
5 M y m o th e r w as b o rn in ...
22.1
2 A bridge is being built.
3 The windows are being cleaned.
4 The grass is being cut.
22.2
3 The window has been broken.
4 The roof is being repaired.
5 The car has been damaged.
6 The houses arc being knocked
down.
7 The trees have been cut down.
8 They have been invited to a
party.
22.3
3 has been repaired
4 was repaired
5 are made
6 were they built
7 Is the computer being used (er
Is anybody using the computer)
8 are they called
9 were blown
10 was damaged ... hasn’t been
repaired
21.2
F o o tb all is played in m o s t ...
3 W h y was the letter sent to . . . ?
4 ... w h e re cars are repaired.
5 W h e re were y o u b o rn ?
6 H o w m a n y languages are
UNIT 23
spoken ...
7 ... b u t n o th in g was sto len .
8 W h e n was th e bicycle
invented?
21.3
3 is m ad e
4 w e re d a m ag e d
[270]
23.1
3
4
5
6
are
D oes
Do
Is
7
8
9
10
do
Is
does
A re
23.2
2
3
4
5
d o n ’t
’m / a m n o t
isn ’t
d o n ’t
D id
w e re
w as
H as
d id
7
8
9
10
w e re
H as
d id
h av e
23.4
2
3
4
5
w as
H ave
are
w e re
6
7
8
9
’v e /h a v e
is
w as
has
23.5
UNIT 22
2
23.3
2
3
4
5
6
6 d o e s n ’t
7 ’m /a m n o t
8 a re n ’t
3
4
5
6
7
e a te n
e n jo y in g
dam aged
use
g o n e aw ay
8
9
10
11
u n d e rs ta n d
liste n in g
p ro n o u n c e d
open
UNIT 24
24.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
got
b ro u g h t
p a id
e n jo y e d
bought
sat
left
10
11
12
13
14
15
happened
h eard
put
caught
w a tc h e d
u n d e rs to o d
24.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
b eg an
begun
a te e a te n
d ran k d ru n k
d ro v e d riv e n
ran ru n
sp o k e sp o k e n
w ro te w ritte n
ca m e c o m e
knew
know n
to o k ta k en
w ent gone
gave g iv en
th r e w
th r o w n
fo rg o t fo rg o tte n
24.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
slept
saw
ra in e d
l o s t ... seen
sto le n
w ent
fin ish ed
b u ilt
K E Y TO E XER C ISES
11
12
13
14
learnt/learned
ridden
known
fell... hurt
24.4
2 told
3 won
4 met
5 woken up
6 swam
7 thought
8
9
10
11
12
spoken
cost
driven
sold
flew
25.1
2 He used to play football.
3 She used to be a taxi driver.
4 They used to live in the country.
5 He used to wear glasses.
6 This building used to be a hotel.
25.2
2-6
She used to play volleyball.
She used to go out most
evenings. / She used to go out
in the evenings.
She used to play the guitar.
She used to read a lot. / She used
to like reading.
She used to go away two or
three times a year. / She used
to travel a lot.
25.3
3 used to have
4 used to be
5 go
6 used to eat
7 watches
8 used to live
9 get
10 did y o u use to play
26.2
I UNIT 28
2 Are you working next week?
3 What are you doing tomorrow
evening?
4 What time are your friends
arriving?
5 When is Liz going on holiday?
28.1
2 she’ll be
3 she was
4 she’ll be
26.3
E x a m p le answers:
Example answers:
3 I’m going away at the weekend.
4 I’m playing basketball tomorrow.
5 I’m meeting a friend this evening.
6 I’m going to the cinema on
Thursday evening.
26.4
3 She’s getting
4 are going ... are they going
5 finishes
6 I’m not going
7 I’m going... We’re meeting
8 are you getting ... leaves
9 does the film begin
10 are you doing ... I’m working
UNIT 27
27.1
2 I ’m g o in g to buy a n e w sp a p e r.
3 W e ’re g o in g to p>lay foo tb all.
4 I ’m g o in g to h a v e a b a th .
27.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
’m / a m g o in g to w alk
’s/is g o in g to stay
’m / a m g o in g to c at
’r e / a r e g o in g to g iv e
’s/is g o in g to lie d o w n
A rc y o u g o in g to w a tc h
is R a c h e l g o in g to d o
27.3
2 T h e s h e lf is g o in g to fall (d o w n ).
c a r is g o in g to tu r n (left).
4 H e ’s / H e is g o in g to k ick th e
ball.
3 The
UNIT 26
26.1
2 Richard is going to the cinema.
3 Barbara is meeting Dave.
4 I)enise is having lunch with
Ken.
5 Tom and Sue are going to a
party.
27.4
Example answers:
1 I’m g o in g to p h o n e A n n this
e v e n in g .
2 I’m g o in g to g et u p early
to m o rro w .
3 I’m g o in g to buy so m e n e w
c lo th e s to m o rro w .
5 she’s
6 she was
7 she’ll be
28.2
2
3
4
5
I’ll be at home.
I’ll probably be in bed.
I’ll be at work.
I don’t know where I’ll be.
28.3
2 '11/will
3 won’t
4 won’t
5 ll/will
6 ’ll/will
7 won’t
28.4
3 1think we’ll win the game.
4 I don’t think I’ll be here
tomorrow.
5 J think Sue will like her present.
6 I don’t think they’ll get married.
7 1 don’t think you’ll enjoy the
film.
28.5
2 are you doing
3 They’re going
4 she’ll lend
5 I’m going
6 will phone
7 He’s working
8 Will
UNIT 29
29.1
2 I’ll send
3 I’ll eat
4 I’ll sit
5 I’ll do
6 I’ll stay
7 I’ll show
29.2
2 I think I’ll have
3 1 don’t think I’ll play
4 I don’t think I’ll buy
29.3
2 I’ll do
3 I watch
4 I’ll go
5 is going to buy
6 I’ll give
7 Are you doing ... I’m going
|2711
KEY TO EXERC ISES
29.4
2 Shall I turn off the television?
3 Shall 1 make some sandwiches?
4 Shall I turn on the light?
29.5
2 where shall we go?
3 what shall wc buy?
4 who shall we invite?
30.1
2 l might see you tomorrow.
3 Ann might forget to phone.
4 It might snow today.
5 1might be late tonight.
6 Mary' might not be here.
7 I might not have time to meet
you.
30.2
2 I might go away.
3 1 might see her on Monday.
4 I might have fish.
5 I might get/take a taxi, or ... go
by taxi.
6 1might buy a new car.
30.3
3 He might get up early.
4 He isn’t / He’s not working
tomorrow.
5 He might be at home tomorrow
morning.
6 He might watch television.
7 He’s going out in the afternoon.
8 He might go shopping.
30.4
Example answers:
1 1might read a newspaper.
2 I might go for a drink with some
friends.
3 I might have an egg for
breakfast.
UNIT 31
31.1
2 Can you ski?
3 Can you play chess?
4 Can you run ten kilometres?
5 Can you drive?
6 Can you ride a horse?
[2 7 2 ]
7 I can /can’t swim.
8 I can/can’t ski.
9 I can/can’t play chess.
10 I can/can’t run ten kilometres.
11 1can/can’t drive.
12 I can/can’t ride a horse.
31.2
2 can see
3 can’t hear
4 can’t find
5 can speak
33.1
3 You should clean
you should visit
you should wear
You should take
31.4
2 Can/Could you pass the salt,
(please)?
3 Can/Could you turn off the
radio, (please)?
4 Can/Could 1 have tomato soup,
(please)?
5 Can/Could you give me your
phone number, (please)?
6 Can/Could 1borrow your pen,
(please)? or
Can/Could you lend me...?
UNIT 32
32.1
2 must meet
3 must wash
4 must learn
5 must go
6 must win
7 must be
33.2
2 He shouldn’t eat so much.
3 She shouldn’t work so hard.
4 He shouldn’t drive so fast.
33.3
2 Do you think I should leant (to
drive)?
3 Do you think I should get
another job?
4 Do you think I should invite
Gary (to the party)?
33.4
3 I think you should sell it.
4 I think she should have a
holiday.
5 I don’t think they should get
married.
6 I don’t think you should go to
work.
7 I think he should go to the
doctor.
8 I don’t think we should stay
there.
33.5
5 1had to
6 I had to
7 I must
32.3
2 needn’t hurry
3 mustn’t lose
4 needn’t wait
5 mustn’t forget
6 needn’t write
32.4
2 C
3 A
7 must
8 had to
9 needn’t
2 You should go
31.3
2 couldn’t eat
can’t decide
couldn’t find
can’t go
couldn’t go
32.2
2 1 must
3 I had to
4 I must
32.5
3 needn’t
4 had to
5 must
6 mustn’t
4 E
5 B
Example answers:
2 I think everybody should have
enough food.
3 I think people should drive
carefully.
4 I don’t think the police should
carry guns.
5 I think I should do more
exercise.
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
UNIT 34
34.1
2 have to do
3 has to read
4 h av e to speak
5 has to travel
34.2
2 have to go
3 had to buy
4 have to change
5 had to answer
34.3
2 did he have to wait
3 does she have to go
4 did you have to pay
5 do you have to do
34.4
2 doesn’t have to wait.
3 didn’t have to get up early.
4 doesn’t have to work (so) hard.
5 don’t have to leave now.
34.5
3 have to pay
4 had to borrow
5 must stop or have to stop
6 has to meet
7 must tell or have to tell
34.6
2 I have to go to work every
day.
3 1 have to write a letter
tomorrow.
4 1 had to go to the dentist
yesterday.
35.1
2 W o u ld y o u like an apple?
3 W o u ld y o u like so m e coffee? /
... a c u p o f coffee?
4 W o u ld y o u like so m e cheese? /
... a p iece o f cheese?
5 W o u ld y o u like a san d w ich ?
6 W o u ld y o u like so m e cake? /
... a p iece o f cake?
35.2
2 W o u ld y o u like to play te n n is
to m o rro w ?
3 W o u ld y o u lik e to see m y
h o lid ay p h o to g ra p h s?
4 W o u ld y o u lik e to g o to a
c o n c e rt n e x t w e e k ?
5 W o u ld y o u lik e to b o rr o w m y
u m b rella?
35.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D o y o u like
W o u ld y o u lik e
w o u ld y o u like
W o u ld y o u like
I like
w o u ld y o u lik e
W o u ld y o ui llike
D o y o u lik e
I ’d like
UNIT 36
36.1
3 There’s / There is a hospital.
4 There isn’t a swimming pool.
5 There are two cinemas.
6 There isn’t a university.
7 There aren’t any big hotels.
36.2
Example answers:
There is a university in ...
4 There are a lot of big shops.
5 There isn’t an airport.
6 There aren’t many factories.
3
36.3
2 There’s / There is
3 is there
4 There are
5 arc there
6 there isn’t
7 Is there
8 Are there
9 There’s / There is ... There
aren’t
36.4
2-6
There are nine planets in the
solar system.
There are fifteen players in a
rugby team.
There are twenty-six letters in
the English alphabet.
There are thirty days in
September.
There are fifty states in the USA.
3 6 .5
2 I t’s
T h e r e ’s
T h e r e ’s , Is it
Is th e re . th e r e ’s
It’s
Is th e re
UNIT 37
37.1
2 There was a carpet
3 There were three pictures
4 There was a small table
5 There were some flowers
6 There were some books
7 There was an armchair
8 There was a sofa
37.2
3 There was
4 Was there
5 there weren’t
6 There wasn’t
7 Were there
8 There wasn’t
9 There was
10 there weren’t
37.3
2 There are
3 There was
4 There’s / There is
5 There’s been / There has
been
6 there was
7 there will be
8 there were ... there are
9 There have been
10 there will be (or there are)
UNIT 38
38.1
2 It’s cold.
5 It’s snowing.
3 It’s windy.
6 It’s cloudy.
4 It’s sunny/fine,
or It’s a nice day.
38.2
2 It’s / It is
3 Is it
4 is i t ... it’s / it is
5 It’s / It is
6 Is it
7 is it
8 It’s / I t is
9 It’s / It is
[2 7 3 ]
KEY TO EXERC ISES
39.6
2 Y es,
38.3
2 How far is it from the hotel to
the beach?
3 How far is it from New York to
Washington?
4 How far is it from your house to
the airport?
38.4
3 It
4 There
5 It
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6 it
7 There
8 It
38.5
2 It’s nice to see you again.
3 It’s impossible to work in this
office.
4 It’s easy to make friends.
5 It’s interesting to visit different
places.
6 It’s dangerous to go out alone
1
39.1
2 is
3 can
4 Iras
40.2
3 Have you?
4 Can’t she?
5 Were you?
6 Didn’t you?
7 Is there?
5 will
6 was
39.2
2 ’nr not
3 weren’t
4 haven’t
39.3
3 'doesn’t
4 do
5 did
6 S o d id 1. or I d id n ’t.
7 Neither have I. or 1 have.
8 Neither do 1. or I do.
9 So am I. or I’m not.
10 Neither have 1. or I have.
11 Neither did I. or 1did.
12 So do I. or I don’t.
UNIT 40
40.1
2 Do you?
3 Didn’t you?
4 Doesn’t she?
UNIT 39
41.3
1 So am I.
2 So can I. or I can’t.
3 Neither am I. or 1 am.
4 So do I. or I don’t.
5 Neither do I. or I do.
I h av e, or N o , I haven’t.
Y es, I d o . or N o , I d o n ’t.
Y es, it is. or N o , it isn ’t.
Y es, I am. or N o , I’m n o t.
Y es, I d o . or N o , I d o n ’t.
Y es, I w ill, or N o , I w o n ’t.
Y es, I have, or N o , I h a v e n ’t.
Y es, I d id . or N o , I d id n ’t.
Y es, I w as. or N o , I w a sn ’t.
UNIT 42
5 Do I?
6 Did she?
42.1
2 They aren’t / They’re not
married.
3 I haven’t had dinner.
4 It isn’t cold today.
5 We won’t be late.
6 You shouldn’t go.
8 Aren’t you?
Did you?
Does she?
W on’t you?
Isn’t it?'
9
10
11
12
42.2
2 I don’t like cheese.
3 They didn’t understand.
4 He doesn’t live here.
5 Don’t go away!
6 I didn’t do the shopping.
40.3
2 aren’t they
3 wasn’t she
4 haven’t you
5 don’t you
6 doesn’t he
7 won’t you
5 isn’t
6 hasn’t
40.4
2 arc you
3 isn’t she
4 can’t you
5 do you
6 does
7 d o n ’t
8 didn’t
6 didn’t she
7 was it
8 doesn’t she
9 will you
39.4
Example answers:
2 I like sport but my sister doesn’t.
3 I don’t eat meat but Jenny does.
4 rnr American but my husband
isn’t.
5 I haven’t been to Japan but
Jenny has.
39.5
2 wasn’t
3 are
4 has
5 can’t
6 did
|274|
7 has
8 do
9 hasn’t
10 will
11 might
|
UNIT 41
41.1
2 either
3 too
4 too
I
5 either
6 either
7 too
41.2
2 So am I.
9 Neither have I.
3 So have I. 10 Neither am I.
4 So do I.
11 Neither do I.
5 So will I.
6 So was I.
7 Neither can I.
8 Neither did 1.
42.3
2 They haven’t arrived.
3 I didn’t go to the bank.
4 He doesn’t speak German.
5 We weren’t angry.
6 He won’t be pleased.
7 Don’t phone me tonight.
8 It didn’t rain yesterday.
9 I couldn’t hear them.
10 1don’t believe you.
42.4
2 ’in not / am not
3 can’t
4 doesn’t
5 isn’t / ’s not
6 don’t ... haven’t
7 Don’t •
8 didn’t
9 haven’t
10 won’t
1 I didn’t
12 weren’t
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
42.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
H e w asn ’t b o rn in L o n d o n .
H e d o e s n ’t lik e L o n d o n .
H e ’d like to live in th e c o u n try .
H e ca n d riv e.
H e h asn ’t g o t a car.
H e d o e s n ’t read new sp ap ers.
H e isn ’t in te re ste d in politics.
H e w a tc h e s T V m o st even in g s.
H e d id n ’t w a tc h T V last n ig h t.
H e w e n t o u t last n ig h t.
UNIT 43
43.1
3 W e re
y o u la te th is m o r n in g ?
4 H as A n n got a ke y?
5 W iD y o u b e h e re t o m o r r o w ?
6 Is P a u l g o in g o u t th is e v e n in g ?
7 D o y o u l ik e y o u r jo b ?
8 D o e s L in d a liv e n e a r h e r e ?
9
10
D i d y o u e n jo y y o u r h o lid a y ?
D i d y o u h a v e a s h o w e r th is
m o r n in g ?
11 H o w o fte n d o es it rain?
12 W h e n d id y o u d o th e
sh o p p in g ?
UNIT 44
44.1
2 W h a t fell o f f th e shelf?
W h o w a n ts to see m e?
W h o to o k y o u r u m b rella?
W h a t m a d e y o u ill?
6 W h o i s / W h o ’s c o m in g ?
3
4
5
44.2
3 W h o d id y o u p h o n e ?
4 W h a t h a p p e n e d last n ig h t?
5 W h o k n o w s th e an sw er?
6
7
8
9
10
11
W h o d itl th e w a sh in g -u p ?
W h a t d id Jill do?
W h a t w o k e y o u up?
W h o saw th e ac cid en t?
W h o d id y o u see?
W h o has g o t / W h o ’s g o t
y o u r p en?
12 W h a t d o es th is w o rd m ea n ?
43.2
44.3
2 D o y o u u s e it a lo t ?
2 W h o p honed you ?
W h a t d id sh e w a n t?
3 W h o d id y o u ask?
W h a t d id h e say?
4 W h o g o t m arrie d ?
W h o to ld you?
5 W h o d id y o u m e e t?
W h a t d id sh e tell y o u ?
6 W h o w on?
W h a t d id y o u d o (after th e
gam e)?
7 W h o gave y o u a b o o k ?
W h a t d id C a th e rin e g iv e y ou?
3
D i d y o u u s e it y e s te rd a y ?
4 D o y o u e n jo y d r iv in g ?
5 A r e y o u a g o o d d r iv e r ?
6 H a v e y o u e v e r h a d a n a c c id e n t ?
43.3
3 W hat
a re th e c h ild r e n d o in g ?
4 H o w is c h e e s e m a d e ?
5 Is y o u r s iste r c o m in g to th e
p a r ty ?
6 W h y d o n ’t y o u te ll th e t r u t h ?
7 H a v e y o u r g u e s ts a r r iv e d y e t ?
8 W h a t t im e d o e s y o u r t r a in
le a v e ?
9
W a s y o u r c a r d a m a g e d in th e
UNIT 45
a c c id e n t ?
10
W h y d id n ’t A n n g o to w o r k ?
43.4
3 W hat
a re y o u r e a d in g ?
4 W h a t t im e d id sh e g o (to b e d ) ?
5
W h e n a re t h e y g o in g ?
6 W h e r e d id y o u m e e t h im ?
7 W h e r e h as sh e g o n e ?
45.1
2 W h a t are y o u lo o k in g for?
3 W h o d id y o u g o to th e c in e m a
w ith ?
4 W h a t/ W h o w as th e film a b o u t?
5 W h o d id y o u g iv e th e m o n e y
to?
6 W h o w as th e b o o k w ritte n by?
8 W h y c a n ’t y o u c o m e (to th e
p a rty )?
9 H o w m u ch do yo u need?
10
W h y d o e s n ’t sh e li k e y o u ?
45.2
2 W h a t are th e y lo o k in g at?
3 W h o is h e w ritin g to?
4
5
W h a t arc th e y ta lk in g a b o u t?
W h a t is sh e liste n in g to?
6 W h ic h b u s are th e y w a itin g for?
45.3
2 W h ic h
h o te l d id y o u stay at?
3 W h ic h (football) te a m d o es h e
p lay for?
4 W h ic h sc h o o l d id y o u g o to?
45.4
2 W hat
3 W hat
4 W hat
is th e fo o d like?
arc th e p e o p le like?
is th e w e a th e r like?
45.5
2 W h a t w as th e film like?
3 W h a t w e re th e lessons like?
4 W h a t w as th e h o te l like?
UNIT 46
46.1
3
4
5
6
W h a t c o lo u r is it?
W h a t tim e d id y o u g e t up?
W h a t ty p e o f m u sic d o y o u like?
W h a t k in d o f car d o y o u w a n t
(to buy)?
46.2
2 W h ic h c o a t
3 W h ic h film
4 W h ic h bus
46.3
3
4
5
6
7
W h ic h
W hat
W h ic h
W hat
W h ic h
8
9
10
11
W ho
W hat
W h ic h
W hat
46.4
2
3
4
5
6
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
far
o ld
o ften
d e ep
lo n g
46.5
2
3
4
5
6
H o w h e a v y is th is b o x ?
H o w o ld are y o u ?
H o w m u c h d id y o u sp en d ?
H o w o fte n d o y o u w a tc h T V ?
H o w far is it fro m Paris to
M o sco w ?
[275]
KEY TO EXERCISES
47.1
2 How long does it take by car
from Rome to Milan?
3 How long does it take by train
from Paris to Geneva?
4 How long does it take by bus
from the city centre to the
airport?
47.2
Example answers:
2 It takes... hours to fly from ...
to New York.
3 It takes... years to study to be a
doctor in ...
4 It takes... to walk from my
home to the nearest shop.
5 It cakes ... to get from my home
to the nearest airport.
47.3
2 How long did it take you to
walk to the station?
3 How long did it take him to
clean the windows?
4 How long did it take you to
learn to ski?
3 I low long did it take them to
repair the car?
47.4
2 It took us 20 minutes to walk
home. / ... to get home.
3 It took me six months to learn to
drive.
4 It took Mark/him two hours to
drive to London. / ... to get to
London.
5 It took Linda a long time to find
a job. / ... to get a job.
6 It took me ... to ...
UNIT 48
48.1
2 I don’t know where she is.
3 1 don’t know how old it is.
4 I don’t know when he’ll be here.
5 I don’t know why he was angry.
6 I don’t know how long she has
lived here.
[2 7 6 ]
48.2
2 where Susan works
3 what Peter said
4 why he went home early
5 what time the film begins
6 how the accident happened
48.3
2 are you
3 they are
4 the museum is
5 do you want
6 elephants cat
48.4
2 Do you know if/whether they
are married?
3 Do you know if/whether Sue
knows Bill?
4 Do you know if/whether
George will be here tomorrow?
5 Do you know if/whether he
passed his exam?
48.5
2 Do you know where Paula is?
3 Do you know if/whether she
is working today? / ... she’s
working today?
4 Do you know what time she
starts work?
5 Do you know if/whether the
shops arc open tomorrow?
6 Do you know where Sarah and
Tim live?
7 Do you know if/whether they
went to Ann’s party?
48.6
Example answers:
2 Do you know what time the bus
leaves?
3 Excuse me, can you tell me
where the station is?
4 I don’t know what I’m going to
do this evening.
5 Do you know if Tom is working
today?
UNIT 49
49.1
2 She said (that) she was very
busy.
3 Site said (that) she couldn’t go
to the party.
4 He said (that) he had to go out.
5 He said (that) he was learning
Russian.
6 She said (that) she didn’t feel
very well.
7 They said (that) they would be
home late. / ... they’d be ...
8 She said (that) she had just
come back from holiday. / ...
she’d just come back ...
9 She said (that) she was going to
buy a computer.
10 They said (that) they hadn’t got
a key. / They said (that) they
didn’t have a key49.2
2 She said (that) she wasn’t
hungry.
3 he said (that) he needed it.
4 she said (that) she didn’t want to
g°5 She said (that) I could have it.
6 He said (that) he would send me
a postcard. / ... he’d send ...
7 Linda said (that) he had gone
home. / ... he’d gone home.
8 He said (that) be wanted to
watch TV.
9 She said (that) she was going to
the cinema.
49.3
3 said
4 told
5 tell
6 say
7
8
9
10
said
told
ten
say
UNIT 50
50.1
3 phone
4 phone Paul
5 to phone Paul
6 to phone Paul
7 phone Paul
8 to phone Paul
9 phone Paul
10 phone Paul
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
5 travelling by train
6 going to ... to eat at
5 0 .2
3 get
4 going
5 watch
6 flying
7 listening
8 cat
9 waiting
10 wear
11 doing ... staying
51.4
Example answers:
50.3
4 to go
5 rain
6 to leave
7 help
8 studying
9 to go
10 wearing
11 to stay
12 have
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
having
to have
hear
1 1enjoy cooking.
2 I don’t like driving.
3 If it’s a nice day tomorrow. I’d
like to have a picnic by the lake.
4 When I’m on holiday, 1 like to
do very little.
5 I don’t mind travelling alone but
1prefer to travel with somebody.
6 I wouldn’t like to live in a big
city.
g°
listening
to make
to know
tell
20 use
51.1
3 to see
4 to swim
5 cleaning
6 to go
7 visiting
8 going
9 to be
10 waiting
11 to do
12 to speak
13 to ask
14 crying / to cry
15 to work ... talking
UNIT 52
52.1
2 I want you to listen carefully.
3 I don’t want you to be angry.
4 l )o you want me to wait for
you?
5 I don’t want you to phone me
tonight.
6 I want you to meet Sarah.
52.2
2 A woman told me to turn left
after the bridge.
3 1 advised him to go to the
doctor.
4 She asked me to help her.
5 I told Tom to come back in ten
minutes.
6 Paul let me use his phone.
7 I told her not to phone before 8
o’clock.
8 Ann’s mother taught her to play
the piano.
51.2
3 reading
4 to see
5 to send
6 w alk in g
7 to lose
8 to help
9 to go
10 watching / to watch
11 to wait
12 raining
51.3
2 going/to go to museums.
3 writing/to write letters.
4 to go (there)
52.3
2 to repeat
3 wait
4 to arrive
5 to get
6 go
7 borrow
8 to tell
9 to make (or to get)
10 think
UNIT 53
53.1
2 -4
I w e n t to th e cafe to m e e t a
frien d .
I w e n t to th e p o st office to g e t
so m e stam ps.
I w e n t to th e su p e rm a rk e t to b u y
so m e fo o d .
53.2
2 to
3 to
4 to
5 to
6 to
re a d th e n ew sp ap e r.
o p e n this d o o r
g e t so m e fresh air
w a k e h im up
see w h o it w as
53.3
Example answers':
2 to talk to y o u n o w .
3
to tell h e r a b o u t th e p arty .
4 to d o so m e sh o p p in g .
5 to b u y a car.
53.4
2
to
to
4 fo r
5 to
6 fo r
3
7
8
9
10
to
to
fo r
to . . . fo r
53.5
2 fo r th e film to b e g in .
3 fo r it to arriv e.
4 fo r y o u to tell m e.
54.1
3 to
4 to
5 - (no preposition)
6 for
7 to
8 on ... to
9 for
10 on
11 to
12 - (no preposition)
13 on
14 for
15 on
[2 7 7 |
KEY TO EXERC ISES
54.2
2 went fishing.
3 goes swimming
4 going skiing.
5 go shopping.
6 went jogging
54.3
2 to the bank
shopping
to sleep
home
skiing
riding
for a walk
on holiday . to Portugal
UNIT 55
55.1
2 get your_
3 get a doctor
4 get a taxi
5 get the job
6 get some milk
7 get a ticket
8 gets a good salary
2
3
4
5
getting dark
getting married
getting ready
getting late
55.3
2 get wet
3 got married
4 get angry
5 got lost
6 get old
7 got better
8 get nervous
55.4
2 got to Bristol at 11.45.
3 1left the party at 11.15 and got
home at midnight.
4 (Example answer) I left home at
8.30 and got to the airport at 10
o’clock.
t of
56.1
2 do
3 make
4 made
5 did
6 do
7 done
8 make
9 making
10 do
11 doing
56.2
They’re/They are doing (their)
homework.
He’s/He is doing the
shopping, or He is shopping.
She’s/She is making a jacket.
They’re/They are doing an
exam/examination, (or...
taking an exam.)
She’s/She is doing exercises.
She’s/She is making a phonecall. or She’s/She is phoning
somebody.
He’s/He is making the/his
bed.
She’s/She is doing the
washing-up. or She is washing
up. / She is doing the dishes. /
She is washing the dishes.
10 I-Ie’s/He is making a
(shopping) list.
11 They’re/They are making a
film.
12 He’s/He is taking a
photograph.
56.3
2 make
do
done
made
doing
did
do
9 making
10 made
11 make ... do
UNIT 57
57.1
3 He hasn’t got / He doesn’t have
4 George had
5 Have you got / Do you have
6 we didn’t have
7 She hasn’t got / She doesn’t
have
8 Did you have
57.2
2 She’s/She is having a cup of
tea.
[278]
3 He’s/He is having a rest.
4 They’re/They are having a nice
time.
5 Thcy’re/They are having
di nner.
6 He’s/He is having a bath.
57.3
2 Have a nice/good journey!
3 Did you have a nice/good
weekend?
4 Did you have a nice/good game
(of tennis)?
5 Have a nice/good meal!
57.4
2
3
4
5
6
have something to eat
had a glass of water
have a walk
had an accident
have a look
58.1
2 him
3 them
4 her
58.2
2 I ... them
3 he ... her
4 they ... us
5 we ... him
5 him
6 them
7 her
6 she ... them
7 they ... me
8 she ... you
58.3
2 1like him.
3 I don’t like it.
4 Do you like it?
5 I don’t like her.
6 Do you like them?
58.4
2 him
3 them
4 they
5 us
6 She
7 them
8 me
9 her
10 He ... it
58.5
2 Can you give it to him?
3
4
5
6
Can you give them to her?
Can you give it to me?
Can you give it to them?
Can you give them to us?
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
7 their
8 Ours
59.1
2 her hands
3 our hands
4 his hands
5 their hands
6 your hands
60.3
3 of hers
4 friends of ours
5 friend of mine
6 friend ofhis
7 friends of yours
59.2
2 They live with their parents.
3 We live with our parents.
4 Julia lives with her parents.
5 I live with niy parents.
6 John lives with his parents.
7 Do you live with your parents?
8 Most children live with their
parents.
59.3
2 their
3 his
4 his
5 her
59.4
2 his
3 Their
4 our
5 her
6 my
7 your
6 their
7 her
8 their
8
9
10
11
12
her
their
my
Its
His ... his
59.5
2 my key
3 Her husband
4 votir coat
5 their homework
6 his name
7 Our house
60.1
2 mine
3 ours
4 hers
5 theirs
6 us
7 her
6 yours
7 mine
8 his
60.2
2 yours
3 my ... Mine
4 Yours ... mine
5 her
6 My ... hers
60.4
2 Whose camera is this?
It’s hers.
3 Whose gloves are these?
They’re mine.
4 Whose hat is this?
It’s his.
5 Whose money is this?
It’s yours.
6 Whose books are these?
They’re ours.
UNIT 61
61.1
2 Yes, I know her but I can’t
remember her name.
3 Yes, I know them but I can’t
remember their names.
4 Yes, I know you but I can’t
remember your name.
61.2
2 to stay with him at his house
3 to stay with them at their house
4 to stay with me at my house
5 to stay with her at her house
6 to stay with you at your house?
61.3
2 1gave her my address and she
gave me hers.
3 He gave me his address and 1
gave him mine.
4 We gave them our address and
they gave us theirs.
5 She gave him her address and lie
gave her his.
6 You gave us your address and we
gave you ours.
7 They gave you their address and
you gave them yours.
61.4
2 them
3 him
8 their
9 mine
UNIT 62
62.1
2 myself
3 herself
4 themselves
5 myself
6 himself
7 yourself
8 yourselves
62.2
2 When 1 saw him, he was by
himself.
3 Don’t go out by yourself.
4 I went to the cinema by myself.
5 My sister lives by herself.
6 Many people live by themselves.
62.3
2 They can’t see each other.
3 They often write to each other.
4 They don’t know each other.
5 They’re / They arc sitting next
to each other.
6 They gave each other prescnts/a
present.
62.4
3 each other
4 yourselves
5 us
6 ourselves
7 each other
8 each other
9 them
10 themselves
UNIT 63
63.1
3 Mary is Brian’s wife.
4 James is Julia’s brother.
5 James is Daniel’s uncle.
6 Julia is Paul’s wife.
7 Mary is Daniel’s grandmother.
8 Julia isjames’s sister.
9 Paul is Julia’s husband.
10 Paul is Daniel’s father.
11 Daniel isjames’s nephew.
63.2
2 Andy’s
3 David’s
4 Jane’s
5 Diane’s
6 Alice’s
63.3
4 our
5 yours
3 OK
4 Bill’s phone number
|2 7 9 |
K E Y TO EXERC ISES
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
My brother’s job
OK
OK
Paula’s favourite colour
your mother’s birthday
My parents’ house
OK
OK
Silvia’s party'
OK
6 addresses
7 knives
8 sandwiches
9 families
65.2
2 teeth
3 people
4 children
64.1
2 a
3 a
4 an
5 a
6 an
7 a
8 an
9 an
64.2
2 a vegetable
3 a game
4 a tool
5 a mountain
6 a planet
7 a fruit
8 a river
9 a flower
10 a musical instrument
65.4
2 are
3 don’t
4 watch
5 were
6 live
64.3
2 He’s a shop assistant.
3 She’s a photographer.
4 She’s a taxi driver.
5 He’s an electrician.
6 She’s a nurse.
7 He’s a private detective.
8 I’m a /a n ...
■
2-8
Tom never wears a hat.
I can’t ride a bicycle.
My brother is an artist.
Barbara works in a bookshop.
Ann wants to learn a foreign
language.
Jim lives in an old house.
This evening I’m going to
a party'.
UNIT 65
65.1
2 boats
3 women
12801
|
4 cities
5 umbrellas
5 fish
6 leaves
■
UNIT 66
|
8 money
9 a wallet
10 sand
11 a bucket
12 an envelope
66.2
3 ... a hat.
4 ... a job?
5 OK
6 ... an apple ...
7 ... a party' ...
8 ... a wonderful thing.
9 ... an island.
10 ... a key.
11 OK
12 ... a good idea.
13 ... a car?
14 ... a cup of coffee?
UNIT 67
67.1
2 1 bought a newspaper (or a
paper), some flowers (ora bunch
of flowers) and a pen.
3 I bought some stamps, some
postcards and some bread (or a
loaf of bread).
4 1 bought some toothpaste, some
soap (ora bar of soap) and a
comb.
7 Do
8 are
9 them
10 some
66.1
3 a jug
4 milk
5 toothpaste
6 a toothbrush
7 an egg
64.4
66.3
2 a piece of wood
3 a glass of water
4 a bar of chocolate
5 a cup of tea
6 a piece of paper
7 a bowl of soup
8 a loaf of bread
9 ajar of honey
65.3
3 ... with a lot of beautiful trees.
4 ... with two men.
5 OK
6 ... three children.
7 Most of my friends are
students.
8 He put on his pyjamas ...
9 OK
10 Do you know many people ...
11 I like your trousers. Where did
you get them?
12 ... full of tourists.
1.3 OK
14 These scissors aren’t ...
f
UNIT 64
15 OK
16 ... an umbrella.
10 feet
11 holidays
12 potatoes
67.2
2 Would you like some coffee?
(or ... a cup of coffee?)
3 Would you like a biscuit?
4 Would y'ou like some bread?
(or ... a piece of bread? / a slice
of bread?)
5 Would you like a chocolate?
6 Would you like some chocolate?
(or ... a piece of chocolate?)
67.3
2 some ... some
3 some
4 a ... some
5 an ... some
6 a ... a ... some
7 some
8 some
9 some ... a
67.4
2 eyes
3 hair
4 information
5 chairs
6 furniture
7 job
8 lovely weather
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
UNIT 68_____________ ___
68.1
3 a
4 ihe
5 an
6 the ... the
7 a ... a
8 a ... a
9 ... a student ... a journalist...
a flat near th e college ... T h e
flat is ...
10 ... two children, a boy and a
girl. T h e boy is seven years old
and th e girl is three ... in a
factory ... hasn’t got a job ...
68.2
2
3
4
5
6
th e airport
a cup
a nice picture
th e radio
th e floor
68.3
2 ... send me a postcard.
3 What is th e name o f ...
4 ... a very big country.
5 What is th e largest ...
6 ... th e colour of th e carpet.
7 ... a headache.
8 ... a n old house near th e station
9 ... th e name of th e director of
th e film ...
UNIT 69
69.1
3 ... the second floor.
4 ... the moon?
5 ... the best hotel in this town?
6 OK
7 ... die city centre.
8 ... the end of May.
9 O K
10 ... the first time I met her.
11 OK
12 What’s the biggest city in the
world?
13
O K
14 My dictionary is on the top
shelf on the right.
1 5 We live in the country about
five miles from the nearest
village.
69.2
2 the same time
3 the same age
4 the same colour
5 the same problem
69.3
2 th e guitar
3 breakfast
4 th e radio
5 television/TV
6 th e sea
69.4
2 th e name
3 T h e sky
4 television
5 th e police
6 th e capital
7 lunch
8 th e middle
70.1
2 the cinema
3 hospital
4 the airport
5 home
6 prison
70.2
3 school
4 the station
5 home
6 bed
7 the post office
70.3
2 the cinema
3 go to bed
4 go to prison
5 go to the dentist
6 go to university/college
7 go to hospital / are taken to
hospital
70.4
3 the doctor
4 OK
5 OK
6 OK
7 the bank
8 OK
9 OK
10 the city centre
11
12
13
14
th e station
OK
OK
OK
15 th e theatre
UNIT 71
71.1
Example answers:
2 I don’t like dogs.
3 I don’t mind museums.
4 I love big cities.
5 l like basketball.
6 I love TV quiz shows.
7 I don’t like loud music.
8 I hate computer games.
71.2
Example answers:
2 I’m not interested in politics.
3 I’m interested in sport.
4 1 don’t know much about art.
5 1don’t know anything about
astronomy.
6 1know a little about economics.
71.3
3 friends
4 parties
5 The shops
6 the milk
7 milk
8 football
9 computers
10 The water
11 cold water
12 the salt
13 the people
14 Vegetables
15 the children
16 the words
17 photographs
18 the photographs
19 English ... international
business
20 Money ... happiness
72.1
3 Sweden
4 T h e Amazon
5 Asia
6 T h e P acific
|2811
K E Y TO EXERC ISES
7
T h e Rhine
8 Kenya
9 T h e U n it e d S tate s
10 T h e Andes
11 Tokyo
73.3
2 that’s
3 This is
4 That’s
5 that
6 this is
7 That’s
8 that’s
T h e A lp s
13 T h e R e d Sea
14 M alta
15 T h e Baham as
12
72.2
3 OK
4 t h e Philippines
5 th e south of France
6 t h e Regal Cinema
7 OK
8 th e Museum of Modern Art
9 OK
10 Belgium is smaller than th e
Netherlands.
11 t h e M ississippi ... t h e N ile
12 t h e National Gallery
13 t h e Park Hotel in Hudson
Road
14 OK
15 T h e Rocky Mountains are in
North America.
16 OK
17 T h e Panama Canal joins t h e
Atlantic Ocean and t h e Pacific
Ocean.
18 the United States
19 t h e w e s t o f Ireland
20 OK
73.1
2 that house
3 these postcards
4 those birds
5 this seat
6 These plates
73.2
2 Is that your umbrella?
3 Is this your book?
4 Are those your books?
5 Is that your bicycle?
6 Arc these your keys?
7 Are those your keys?
8 Is this your watch?
9 Are those your glasses?
10 Are these your gloves?
74.1
2 1 don’t need one.
3 I’m going to buy one.
4 I haven’t got one.
5 I’ve just had one.
6 there’s one in Mill Road.
74.2
2 a new one
3 a better one
4 an old one
5 a big one
6 a different one
74.3
2 Which ones?
The green ones.
3 Which one?
The one with a/the red door.
4 Which one?
The black one.
5 Which ones?
The ones on the wall.
6 Which ones?
The ones on the top shelf.
7 Which one?
The tall one with long hair.
8 Which ones?
The yellow ones.
9 Which one?
The one with a moustache and
glasses.
10 Which ones?
The ones you took on the
beach last week.
UNIT 75
75.1
2 some
3 any
4 any
5 any
6 some
7 any
75.2
2 some letters
3 any photographs
4 any foreign languages
5 some friends
6 some milk
7 any batteries
8 some fresh air
9 some cheese
10 any help
75.3
3 I’ve got some / I have some
4 I haven’t got any / I haven’t any
/ I don’t have any
5 1 didn’t buy any
6 I bought some
75.4
2 something
3 anything
4 anything
5 Somebody/Someone
6 anything
7 anybody/anyone
8 something
9 anything
10 anybody/anyone
76.1
2 There are no shops near here.
3 Carol has got no free time.
4 There is no light in this room.
6 There isn’t any tea in the pot.
There aren’t any buses today.
8 Tom hasn’t got any brothers or
sisters.
7
76.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
some
some
any ... any
some ... any
some
8
9
10
11
12
76.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
[282]
any
any
no
any
no
any
no money
any questions
no friends
no difference
any furniture
no answer
no
any
no
None
any
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
8 any heating
9 any photographs ..
f ilm
14 Nobody/No-one
anybody/anyone
76.4
4 every day
5 all day
6 every day
7 all day
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
Three.
Two cups.
None.
None.
UNIT 77
77.1
2 There’s nobody in the office.
3 I’ve got nothing to do.
4 There’s nothing on TV.
5 There was no-one at home.
6 We found nothing.
77.2
2 There wasn’t anybody on the
bus.
3 I haven’t got anything to read.
4 I haven’t got anyone to help me.
5 She didn’t hear anything.
6 We haven’t got anything for
dinner.
77.3
3a Nothing.
4a Nobody./No-one.
5a Nobody./No-one.
6a Nothing.
7a Nothing.
8a Nobody./No-one.
3b I don’t want anything.
4b I didn’t meet anybody/anyone.
5b Nobody/No-one knows the
answer.
6b I didn’t buy anything.
7b Nothing happened.
8b Nobody/No-one was late.
77.4
3 anything
4 Nobody/No-one
5 Nothing
6 anything
7 anybody/anyone
8 nothing
9 anything
10 anything
11 nobody/no-one
12 anything
13 Nothing
78.1
2 something
3 somewhere
4 somebody/someone
79.3
2 every
3 all
4 all
5 Every
78.2
2a Nowhere.
3a Nothing.
4a Nobody./No-one.
2b I’m not going anywhere.
3b I don’t want anything.
4b I’m not looking for
anybody/anyone.
79.4
2 everything
3 Everybody/Everyone
4 everything
5 everywhere
6 Everybody/Everyone
7 everywhere
8 Everything
78.3
3 anything
4 anything
5 somebody/someone
6 something
7 anybody/anyone... nobody/
no-one
8 anything
9 Nobody/No-one
10 anybody/anyone
11 Nothing
12 anywhere
13 somewhere
14 anything
15 anybody/anyone
79.5
2 is
3 has
4 likes
6 all
7 every
8 all
9 every
5 has
6 was
7 makes
80.1
3 Some
4 Most of
5 most
6 any of
7 all or all of
8 None of
9 any of
10
11
12
13
14
15
Most
most of
Some
All or All of
some of
most of
78.4
2 anything to eat
3 nothing to do
4 anywhere to sit
5 something to drink
6 nowhere to stay
7 something to read
8 somewhere to play
80.2
2
3
4
5
All of them.
Some of them.
None of them.
Most of them.
6 Noneofit.
80.3
UNIT 79
79.1
2 Every day
3 every time
4 Every room
.5 every word
79.2
2 every' day
3 all day
3 Some people ...
4 Some of the questions... or
Some questions...
5 OK
6 All insects ...
7 OK (or... all o f these books)
8 Most of the students... or Most
students ...
9 OK
10 ... most of the night
[283 1
K E Y TO E XER C ISES
UNIT 81
81.1
Both
Neither
Neither
9
10
11
12
Neither
either of
Both
neither of
13 Both
14 either of
b o tli
Either
8 neither of
81.2
2 Both windows are open.
3 Neither man is wearing a hat.
4 Both men have (got) cameras, or
... are carrying cameras.
5 Both buses go to the airport, or
... are going to the airport.
6 Neither answer is right.
81.3
3 Both of them are students.
4 Neither of them has (got) a car.
5 Both of them live in London.
6 Both of them like cooking.
7 Neither of them can play the
piano.
8 Both of them read newspapers.
9 Neither of them is interested in
sport.
—
82.1
4
5
6
7
m any
m an y
m uch
m uch
8 many
How many
How much
How much
How many
9
10
1I
12
82.2
2 much time
3 many countries
4 many people
5 much luggage
6 many times
82.3
2 a lot of interesting things
3 a lot of accidents
4 a lot of fun
5 a lot of traffic
82.4
3 a lot of snow
4 OK
[284]
a lot of money
OK
OK
a lot
82.5
3 She plays tennis a lot.
4 He doesn’t use his car much,
(or... a lot.)
5 He doesn’t go out much.
(or ... a lot.)
6 She travels a lot.
4 I had a wonderful holiday.
5 We went to a Chinese
restaurant.
84.2
2 black clouds
3 long holiday
4 hot water
5 fresh air
6 sharp knife
7 dangerous job
84.3
83.1
2 a few
3 a little
4 a few
2
3
4
5
5 a little
6 a few
83.2
2 a little milk
3 A few days
4 a little R u ssian
5 a few friends
6 a few times
7 a few chairs
8 a little fresh air
83.3
2 many
much
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
very little coffee
very little rain
very few hotels
very little time
Very few people
very little work
83.4
2 A few
3 a little
4 little
5 few
6 a little
7 little
83.5
2
3
4
5
6
... a little luck
... a few things
OK
... a few questions
... few people
UNIT 84
84.1
2 I like that green jacket.
3 Do you like classical music?
It looks new.
1 feel ill.
You look surprised.
They smell nice.
6 It tastes horrible.
84.4
2
3
4
5
6
It doesn’t look new.
You don’t sound American.
I don’t feel cold.
They don’t look heavy.
It doesn’t taste good.
UNIT 85
85.1
2 badly
3 quietly
4 angrily
5 fast
6 dangerously
85.2
2 Come quickly
3 work hard
4 sleep well
5 win easily
6 Think carefully
7 know her very well
8 explain things very clearly/well
85.3
2 angry
3 slowly
4 slow
5 careful
6 h a rd
85.4
2 well
3 good
4 well
7 suddenly
8 quiet
9 badly
10 nice (See Unit
84.) '
5 well
6 good .. good
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
UNIT 86
86.1
2 b ig g er
3 slower
4 more expensive
5 higher
6 more dangerous
86.2
2 stronger
3 happier
4 more modern
5 more important
6 better
7 larger
8 more serious
9 prettier
10 more crowded
86.3
2
3
4
5
6
hotter/warmer
more expensive
worse
further
more difficult or harder
86.4
3 taller
4 harder
5 more comfortable
6 better
7 nicer
8 heavier
9 more interested
10 warmer
11 better
12 bigger
13 more beautiful
14 sharper
15 more polite
UNIT 87
- '' • ' '
87.1
3 Liz is taller than Ben.
4 Liz starts work earlier than Ben.
5 Ben works harder than Liz.
6 Ben has got more money than
Liz.
7 Liz is a better driver than Ben.
8 Ben is more patient than Liz.
9 Ben is a better dancer than Liz.
/ Ben dances better than Liz.
10 Liz is more intelligent than
Ben.
11 Liz speaks French better than
Ben. / Liz speaks better French
than Ben. / Liz’s French is
better than Ben’s.
12 Ben goes to the cinema more
than Liz. / ... more often than
Liz.
87.2
2 You’re older than her. /
... than she is.
3 You work harder than me. /
... than I do.
4 You watch TV more than him.
/ ... than he does.
5 You’re a better cook than me.
/ ... than I am. or
You cook better than me. /
... than I do.
6 You know more people than
us. / ... than we do.
7 You’ve got more money than
them. / ... than they have.
8 You can run faster than me. /
... than I can.
9 You’ve been here longer than
her. / ... than she has.
10 You got up earlier than them. /
... than they did.
11 You were more surprised than
him. / ... than he was.
87.3
2 Jack’s mother is much younger
than his father.
3 My camera cost a bit more than
yours. / ... than your camera, or
My camera was a bit more
expensive than ...
4 1 feel much better today than
yesterday. / ... than 1 did
yesterday. / ... than I felt
yesterday.
5 It’s a bit warmer today than
yesterday. / ... than it was
yesterday.
6 Ann is a much better tennis
player than me / than I am. or
Ann is much better at tennis
than me / than I am. or
Ann plays tennis much better
than me / than I do.
UNIT 88
88.1
2 A is longer than B but not as
long as C.
3 C is heavier than A but not as
heavy as B .
4 A is older than C but not as old
as B .
5 B has got more money than C
but not as much as A.
or ... but less (money) than A.
6 C works harder than A but not
as hard as B .
88.2
2 Your room isn’t as big as mine. /
... as my room.
3 1 didn’t get up as early as you. /
... as you did.
4 They didn’t play as well as us. /
... as we did.
5 You haven’t been here as long as
me. / ... as I have.
6 He isn’t as nervous as her. / ... as
she is.
88.3
2 as
3 than
4 th a n
6 than
7 as
8 than
5 as
88.4
2 Julia lives in the same street as
Caroline.
3 Julia got up at the same time as
Andrew.
4 Andrew’s car is the same colour
as Caroline’s.
89.1
2 C is longer than A.
D is the longest,
Bis the shortest,
3 D is younger than C.
Bis the youngest,
Cis the oldest.
4 D is more expensive than A.
C is the most expensive,
A is the cheapest,
5 A is better than C.
A is the best,
Dis the worst.
[2 8 5 )
K E Y TO E XER C ISES
4 too fast
5 too big
6 too crowded
89.2
2 the happiest day
3 the best film
4 the most popular singer
5 the worst mistake
6 the prettiest village
7 the coldest day
8 the most boring person
91.2
3 enough
4 too many
5 too
6 enough
7 too much
89.3
2 Everest is the highest mountain
in the world.
3-6
Alaska is the largest state in the
USA.
Brazil is the largest country in
South America.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the
solar system.
The Nile is the longest river in
Africa. / ... in the world.
UNIT 30
90.1
2 enough chairs
3 enough paint
4 enough wind
90.2
2 The car isn’t big enough.
3 His legs aren’t long enough.
4 He isn’t strong enough.
90.3
3 old enough
4 enough time
5 big enough
6 eat enough
7 enough fruit
8 tired enough
9 practise enough
90.4
2 sharp enough to cut
3 warm enough to have
4 enough bread to make
5 well enough to win
6 enough time to read
Hi
91.1
2 too heavy
3 too low
[2 8 6 ]
10 Did you buy that jacket in
England?
11 We do the same thing every
day.
12 1 don’t like football very much.
8 enough
9 too
10 too many
11 too much
92.3
2 I arrived at the hotel early.
3 Julia goes to Italy every year.
4 We have lived here since 1988.
5 Sue was born in London in
1960.
6 Paul didn’t go to work
yesterday.
7 Ann went to the bank
yesterday afternoon.
8 I had my breakfast in bed this
morning.
9 Barbara is going to university in
October.
10 1saw a beautiful bird in the
garden this morning.
11 My parents have been to the
United States many times.
12 1 left my umbrella in the
restaurant last night.
13 Are you going to the cinema
tomorrow evening?
14 I took the children to school
this morning.
91.3
3 It’s too far.
4 It’s too expensive.
5 It isn’t / It’s not big enough.
6 It was too difficult.
7 It isn’t good enough.
8 I’m too busy.
9 11was too long.
■
91.4
2 too early to go to bed.
3 too young to get married.
4 too dangerous to go out at night.
5 too late to phone Ann (now).
6 too surprised to say anything.
92.1
3 I like this picture very much.
4 Tom started his new job last week.
5 OK
6 Jane bought a present for her
friend, or Jane bought her friend
a present.
7 I drink three cups of coffee every
day.
8 OK
9 1 borrowed fifty pounds from
my brother.
92.2
2 I wrote two letters this
morning.
3 Paul passed the exam easily.
4 Ann doesn’t speak French very
well.
5 I did a lot of work yesterday.
6 Do you know London well?
7 We enjoyed the party very
much.
8 I explained the problem
carefully.
9 We met some friends at the
airport.
■
UNIT 93
93.1
2 He always gets up early.
3 He’s / He is never late for work.
4 He sometimes gets angry.
5 He often goes swimming.
6 He’s / He is usually at home in
the evenings.
93.2
2 Susan is always polite.
3 I usually finish work at 5
o’clock.
4 Jill has just started a new job.
5 I rarely go to bed before
midnight.
6 The bus isn’t usually late.
7 I don’t often eat fish.
8 1will never forget what you
said.
9 Have you ever lost your
passport?
10 Do you still work in the same
place?
K E Y TO E XER C ISES
11 They always stay in the same
hotel.
12 Diane doesn’t usually work on
Saturdays.
13 Is T ina already here?
14 What do you usually have for
breakfast?
15 I can never remember his
name.
93.3
2 Yes, and I also speak French.
3 Yes, and I’m also hungry.
4 Yes, and I’ve also been to
Ireland.
5 Yes, and I also bought some
books.
93.4
1 They both play football.
They’re/They are both
students.
They’ve both got cars./They
both have cars.
2 They are/They’re all married.
They were all born in England.
They all live in New York.
They haven’t finished (dinner)
yet. / They haven’t finished
eating yet.
94.3
2 Is Ann here yet? or Has Ann
arrived/come yet?
3 Have you got your (exam)
results yet? / Have you had
your... / Have you received
your...
4 Have you decided where to go
yet? / Do you know where
you’re going yet?
94.4
3 She’s/She has already
gone/left.
4 I’ve already got one. / I already
have one.
5 I’ve/I have already paid (it).
6 he already knows.
UNIT 95
94.1
94.2
2 He was looking for a job.
He’s/Hc is still looking (for a
job).
He hasn’t found a job yet.
3 She was asleep/sleeping.
or She was in bed.
She’s/She is still asleep/sleeping.
or ... still in bed.
She hasn’t woken up yet. / She
hasn’t got up yet. / She isn’t
awake yet. / She isn’t up yet.
4 They were having dinner. /
They were eating.
They’re / They are still having
dinner. / ... still eating.
96.1
3 at
4 on
5 in
6 in
7 on
8 on
9 at
10 on
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
at
in
on
on
at
at
at
in
96.2
2 Otl
3 at
4 in
5 in
6 in
7 on
8 on
9 in
10 at
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
at
on
in
at
in
on
in
at
at
95.1
2
3
4
5
2 Do you still live in Clare Street?
3 Are you still a student?
4 Have you still got a motor-bike?
/ Do you still have ...
5 Do you still go to the cinema a
lot?'
6 l )o you still want to be a
teacher?
6 give it to her
7 the policeman my identity card
He gave it to Gary.
He gave them to Sarah.
He gave it to his sister.
He gave them to Robert.
6 He gave it to a neighbour.
95.2
2 I gave Joanna a plant.
3 I gave Richard some gloves / a
pair of gloves.
4 1 gave Diane some chocolates /
a box of chocolates.
5 1 gave Rachel some flowers / a
bunch of flowers.
6 I gave Kevin a pen.
95.3
2
3
4
5
Can you lend me an umbrella?
Can you give me your address?
Can you lend me ten pounds?
Can you send me some
information?
6 Can you show me the letter?
7 Can you get me some stamps?
95.4
2
3
4
5
96.3
2 on Friday
3 on Monday
4 at 4 o’clock on Thursday / on
Thursday at 4 o’clock
5 on Saturday evening
6 at 2.30 on Tuesday (afternoon) /
on Tuesday (afternoon) at 2.30
96.4
2 I’ll phone you in three days.
3 My exam is in two weeks.
4 Tom will be here in half an
hour. / ... in 30 minutes.
96.5
3 in
4 —(no preposition)
5 — (no preposition)
6 in
7 at
8 —(no preposition)
9 —(no preposition)
10 on
11 in
12 at
lend you some money
send the letter to me
buy you a present
pass me the sugar
[2 8 7 ]
K E Y TO EXERC ISES
UNIT 97
97.1
2 Alex lived in Canada until
1990.
3 Alex has lived in England since
1990.
4 Alice lived in France until
1991.
5 Alice has lived in Switzerland
since 1991.
6 Carol worked in a hotel from
1990 to 1993.
7 Carol has worked in a
restaurant since 1993.
8 Gerry was a teacher from 1983
to 1989.
9 Gerry has been a salesman
since 1989.
11 Alex has lived in England
for
years.
12 Alice has lived in Switzerland
for
years.
13 Carol worked in a hotel for
three years.
14 Carol has worked in a
restaurant fo r..... years.
15 Gerry was a teacher for six
years.
16 Gerry has been a salesman for
years.
97.2
2 until
3 for
4 since
5 Until
6 for
7 for
8 until
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 since
10 until
11for
12 until
13 Since
14 for
after lunch
before the end
during the course
before they went to Australia
during the night
while you are waiting
after the concert
98.2
3 while
4 for
[288]
5 while
6 during
7 while
8 for
9 during
10 while
2
3
4
5
98.3
At the airport.
In bed.
O n a ship.
In the sky'.
At a party'.
At the doctor’s.
On the second floor.
At work.
O n a plane.
In a taxi.
At a wedding.
98.4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2 John worked in a bookshop for
two years after leaving school.
3 Before going to sleep, I read a
few pages of my book.
4 After walking for three hours,
we were very tired.
5 Let’s have a cup of coffee before
going out.
100.2
2 in
3 in
4 at
5 at
6 in
7 at
8 at
2 e a tin g
3 answering
4 having/taking
5 finishing/doing
6 going/travelling
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
in
in
on
on
at
in
on
UNIT 101
99.1
2 I n th e b o x .
3 O n th e b o x .
4 O n th e w all.
5 At th e b u s sto p .
6 I n th e field.
7 O n th e b a lc o n y .
8 I n th e p o o l.
9 At th e w in d o w .
10 O n th e ceilin g .
11 O n th e table.
12 A t th e table.
99.2
2 in
3 on
4 in
5 on
6 at
7 in
8 in
9 at
10 at
11 in
12 at
14 at
th e w all
in
th e liv in g ro o m
6 to
7 to
8 in
101.2
3 to
4 to
5 at home ... to work
6 at
7 —(no preposition)
8 to
9 at
10 at a restaurant ... to the hotel
101.3
2 to
3 to
4 in
5 to
6 to
7 at
8 to
13 on
15 on
101.1
2 to
3 in
4 to
5 in
9
10
11
12
to
at
at
to Mary’s house
... at home
13 —(no preposition)
14 study at ... go to
K E Y TO E X E R C IS E S
101.4
1 to
2 —(no preposition)
3 at
4 in
5 to
6 - (no preposition)
■
Example answers:
to work.
at work.
to Canada.
to parties.
at a friend’s house.
UNIT
102
103.2
2 off
3 over
4 out of
5 across
6 round/around
7 through
8 on
9 round/around
10 into the house through a
window
I
102.1
2 next to / beside / by
3 in front of
4 between
5 next to / beside / by
6 in front of
7 behind
8 on the left
9 in the middle
102.2
2 behind
3 above
4 in front of
5 on
6 by i next to / beside
7 below / under
8 above
9 under
10 by / next to / beside
11 opposite
12 on
102.3
2 The fountain is in front of the
theatre.
3 The bank/bookshop is
opposite the theatre, or
Paul’s office is opposite the
theatre, or
The theatre is opposite ...
4 The bank/bookshop/
supermarket is next to ...
5 Paul’s office is above the
bookshop.
6 The bookshop is between the
bank and the supermarket.
103
103.1
2 Go under the bridge.
3 Go up the hill.
4 Go down the steps.
5 Go along this street.
6 Go into the hotel.
7 Go past the hotel.
8 Go out of the hotel.
9 Go over the bridge.
10 Go through the park.
101.5
2
3
4
5
6
UNIT
103.3
1 out of
2 round/around
3 in
4 from here to the airport
5 round/around
6 on/over
7 over
8 out of
|
UNIT 104
104.1
2 on time
3 on holiday
4 on the phone
5 on television
104.2
2 by
3 with
4 about
5 on
6 by
7 at
8 on
9 with
10 about grammar by Vera P.
Bull
I
104.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
with
without
by
about
at
by
on
with
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
at
by
about
by
on
with
by
by
UNIT 105
105.1
2
in
3 to
4 at
5 with
6 of
105.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
at
to
about
of
of
from
in
of
about
of
for getting angry with you
105.3
2 interested in going
3 good at getting
4 fed up with waiting
5 sorry for waking
105.4
2 Sue walked past me without
speaking.
3 Don’t do anything without
asking me first.
4 I went out without locking the
door.
105.5
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
I’m afraid of the dark.
I’m not very good at drawing.
I’m not interested in cars.
I’m fed up with living in
London.
[2 8 9 ]
K E Y TO EXERCISES
106.1
2 to
3 for
4 to
after,
at
for
106.4
Example answers:
3 ft depends on the programme.
4 It depends (on) what it is.
5 It depends on the weather.
6 It depends (on) how much you
want.
UNIT 107
107.1
2 went in
3 looked up
4 rode off
5 turned round/around or
looked round/around
6 got off
7 sat down
8 got out
107.2
2 away/'out
3 round/around
4 going out ... he back
5 down
6 over
7 back
[290]
107.3
2 Hold on
3 slowed down
4 takes off
5 get on
6 speak up
7 broken down
8 fall over / fall down
9 carried on
10 gave up
0 at
6 for
106.2
2 to
3 to
4 for
5 to
6 of/about
7 for
8 on
9 to
10 for
11 to
12 —(no preposition)
13 to
14 on
15 of/about
106.3
1 at
2 after
3 for
9 gave it up or gave up (without it)
10 put out your cigarette /
put your cigarette out
9 up
10 going away ... coming back
UNIT 106
■
UNIT 108
■
109.1
3 1 went to the window and (I)
looked out.
4 I wanted to phone you but I
didn’t have your number.
5 1jumped into the river and (I)
swam to the other side.
6 I usually drive to work but 1
went by bus this morning.
7 Do you want me to come with
you or shall I wait here?
|
108.1
2 She took off her hat. or
She took her hat off.
3 He put down his bag. or
He put his bag down.
4 She picked up the magazine, or
She picked the magazine up.
5 He put on his sunglasses, or
He put his sunglasses on.
6 She turned off the tap. or
She turned the tap off.
109.2
Example answers:
2 because it was raining. / because
the weather was bad.
3 but it was closed.
4 so he didn’t eat anything. / so he
didn’t want anything to eat.
5 because there was a lot of traffic.
/ because the traffic was bad.
6 Sue said goodbye, got into her
car and drove off/away.
108.2
2 He put his jacket on.
He put it on.
3 She took off her glasses.
She took them off.
4 Put your pens down.
Put them down.
5 They gave the money back.
They gave it back.
6 I turned off the lights.
1 turned them off.
108.3
2 take it back
3 picked them up
4 switched it off
5 bring them back
108.4
3 1 knocked over a glass /
I knocked a glass over
4 look it up
5 throw' them away
6 fill it in
7 tried on a pair of shoes / tried a
pair of shoes on
8 showed me round (or around)
UNIT 189
109.3
Example answers:
3 I went to the cinema but the
film wasn’t very good.
4 I went to a cafe and met some
friends of mine.
5 There w'as a film on television,
so I watched it.
6 I got up in the middle of the
night because I couldn’t sleep.
|
UNIT 110
110.1
2 When I’m tired, I like to watch
TV.
3 When I phoned her, there was
no answer.
4 When l go on holiday, I always
go to the same place.
5 When the programme ended, I
switched off the TV.
6 When 1 arrived at the hotel,
there were no rooms.
1
K E Y TO E XER C ISES
110 .2
2 when they heard the news
3 they went to live in New
Zealand
4 while they were away
5 before they came here
6 somebody broke into the house
7 they didn’t believe tne
110.3
2 I finish
3 it’s
4 I’ll be ... she leaves
5 stops
6 We’ll come ... we’re
7 I come ... I’ll bring
8 I’m
9 I’ll give ... I go
110.4
Example answers:
2 you finish your work?
3 I’ll write some letters.
4 you get ready.
5 I won’t have much free time.
6 I come back?
UNIT 111______
111.1
2 If you pass the exam, you’ll get a
certificate.
3 If you fail the exam, you can do
it again.
4 If you don’t want this magazine,
I’ll throw it away.
5 If you want those pictures, you
can have them.
6 If you’re busy now, we can talk
later.
7 If you’re hungry, we can have
lunch now.
8 If you need money, 1can lend
you some.
111.2
2
3
4
5
6
1give
is
I'll phone
I’ll be ... get
Will you go ... they invite
111.3
Example answers:
3 ... the water is dirty.
4 ... you’ll feel better in the morning.
5 ...
6 ...
7 ...
8 ...
you’re not watching it.
she doesn’t study.
I’ll go and see Chris.
the weather is good.
111.4
2 When
3 If
4 If
5 if
6 W hen
7 if
8 w h en ... if
UNIT 112
112.1
113.1
2 A butcher is a person who sells
meat.
3 A musician is a person who plays
a musical instrument.
4 A patient is a person who is ill in
hospital.
5 A dentist is a person who looks
after your teeth.
6 A fool is a person who is very
stupid.
7 A genius is a person who is very
intelligent.
8 A liar is a person who doesn’t tell
the truth.
3 wanted
4 had
5 was/were
6 didn’t enjoy
7 could
8 spoke
9 didn’t have
113.2
2 The woman who opened the
door was wearing a yellow dress.
3 Most of the students who took
the exam passed (it).
4 The policeman who stopped our
car wasn’t very friendly.
112.2
113.3
2 who
3 which
4 which
5 who
3 I’d go / I would go
4 she knew
5 we had
6 you won
7 I wouldn’t stay
8 we lived
9 It would be
10 the salary was/were
11 I wouldn’t know
12 would you change
112.3
2 I’d watch it / I would watch it
3 we had some pictures on the
wall
4 the air would be cleaner
5 every day was/were the same
6 I’d be bored / 1 would be bored
7 we had a bigger house / we
bought a bigger house
8 we would/could buy a bigger
house
6 w h ic h
7 who
8 who
9 which
th a t is also correct in all these
sentences.
113.4
3 ... a machine t h a t / w h i c h makes
coffee.
4 OK (w h ic h is also correct)
5 ... people w h o / t h a t never stop
talking.
6 OK (w h o is also correct)
7 OK (that is also correct)
8 ... the sentences th a t / w h i c h are
wrong.
112.4
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
I’d go to Antarctica
I didn’t have any friends
I had enough money
I’d call the police
6 there were no guns
[2 9 1 ]
KEY TO EXERC ISES
UNIT 1 t4
114.1
2 I’ve lost the pen you gave me.
3 I like the jacket Sue is wearing.
4 Where are the flowers I gave
you?
5 I didn’t believe the story he told
us.
6 How much were the oranges
you bought?
114.2
2 The meal you cooked was
excellent.
3 The shoes I’m wearing aren’t
very comfortable.
4 The people we invited to dinner
didn’t come.
7 The bus we were waiting for
was very late.
8 Who is the man Linda is dancing
with?
114.3
2 Who are the people you spoke
to?
3 Did you find the keys you were
looking for?
4 The house they live in is too
small for them.
5 The map I looked at wasn’t very
clear.
6 1fell off the chair I was sitting
114.4
2 What’s the name of the
restaurant where you had
dinner?
3 Do you like the village where
you live?
4 How big is the factory where
you work?
Key to Additional exercises
1
6
10
3 Kate is a doctor.
4 The children are asleep.
5 Bill isn’t hungry.
6 The books aren’t on the table.
7 The hotel is near the station.
3 she’s/she is
4 Where are
5 Ishe
6 It’s/It is
7 I’m /I am or
No, I’m not. I’m a student.
8 What colour is
9 Is it
10 Arc you
11 How much are
1 Are you married?
Where do you live?
Have you got / Do you have
any children?
How old is she?
2 How old are you?
What do you do? / Where do
you work? / What’s your job?
Do you like/enjoy your job?
Have you got / Do you have a
car?
Do you (usually) go to work by
car?
3 What’s his name? / What’s he
called?
What does he do? / What’s his
job?
Does he live/work in London?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3
7
3 He’s/He is having a bath.
4 Are the children playing?
5 Is it raining?
6 They’re/They are coming
now.
7 Why are you standing here?
Pm/I am waiting for
somebody.
4 Sonia is 32 years old.
5 I’ve got / I have two sisters.
6 We often w;itch TV in the
evening.
7 Ann never wears a hat.
8 A bicycle has got two wheels.
9 These flowers are beautiful.
10 Mary' speaks German very well.
8 T h e b u s isn ’t full.
2
4
4 Chris doesn’t want
5 Ho you want
6 Does Ann live
7 Sarah knows
8 I don’t travel
9 do you usually get up
10 They don’t go out
3 are you cooking?
4 plays
5 I’m going
6 It’s raining
7 I don’t watch
8 we’re looking
9 do you pronounce
11 T im alw ays finishes
12 does Jill do ... She works
5
3 She’s/She is a student.
4 She hasn’t got a car.
5 She goes out a lot.
6 She’s got / She has got a lot of
friends.
7 She doesn’t like London.
8 She likes dancing.
9 She isn’t / She’s not interested
in sport.
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
we go
is shining
are you going
do you go
She writes
1 never read
They’re watching
She’s talking
do you usually have
He’s visiting
I don’t drink
went
found
was
had
told
gave
were
thought
invited
11
3 He was good at sport.
4 He played football.
5 He didn’t work hard at school.
6 He had a lot of friends.
7 He didn’t have a bicycle.
8 He wasn’t a quiet child.
12
3 How long were you there? /
How long did you stay there?
4 Did you like/enjoy Amsterdam?
5 Where did you stay?
6 Was the weather good?
7 When did you get/come back?
13
3 1 forgot
4 did you get
5 I didn’t speak
6 Did you have
7 he didn’t go
8 she arrived
9 did Robert live
10 The meal didn’t cost
14
2 were working
3 opened
4 rang ... was cooking
5 heard ... looked
6 was looking ... happened
7 wasn’t reading ... was watching
8 didn’t read
9 finished ... paid ... left
10 saw ... was walking ... was
waiting
[2 9 3 ]
KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERC ISES
15
3 is playing
4 gave
5 doesn’t like
6 did your parents go
7 saw ... was driving
8 Do you watch
9 were you doing
10 goes
11 ’m/am trying
12 didn’t sleep
16
3 it’s/it has just finished/ended.
4 I’ve/l have found them.
5 I haven’t read it.
6 Have you seen her?
7 I’ve/I have had enough.
8 Have you (ever) been to
Sweden?
9 We’ve/We have (just) been to
the cinema.
10 They’ve/They have gone to a
party.
11 He’s/He has just woken up.
12 How long have you lived here?
or ... have you been living
here?
13 W e’ve/We have known each
other for a long time.
14 It’s/It has been raining all day.
or It has rained all day. or It has
been horrible/bad all day.
17
3 has been
4 for
5 since
6 has he lived / has he been / has
he been living
7 for
8 have been
18
Example answers:
3 I’ve just started this exercise.
4 I’ve met Julia a few times.
5 I haven’t had dinner yet.
6 I’ve never been to Australia.
7 I’ve lived here since I was bom.
8 I’ve lived here for three years.
19
3 bought
4 went
5 ’ve/have read or
’ve/have finished with
6 haven’t started (it)
or haven’t begun
7 was
8 didn’t see
9 left
10 ’s/has been
11 was
20
3 He’s/He has already gone.
4 she went at 4 o’clock.
5 How many times have you been
there?
6 I haven’t decided yet.
7 It was on the table last night.
8 I’ve just eaten.
9 What time did they arrive?
21
1 When was the last time? or
When did you go the last
time?
2 How long have you had it?
I bought it yesterday.
3 How long have you lived / have
you been / have you been
living there?
Before that we lived in Mill
Road.
How long did you live in Mill
Road?
4 How long have you worked /
have you been working
there?
What did you do before that?
1was a taxi driver, or 1worked as
a taxi driver.
22
Example answers:
2 I didn’t go out last night.
3 I was at work yesterday
afternoon.
4 I went to a party a few days ago.
5 It was my birthday last week.
6 I went to America last year.
23
2 B
3 D
4 A
[2 9 4 ]
5 A
6 D
7 C
8
9
10
11
B
C
D
A
12
13
14
15
C
B
C
A
24
1 was damaged ... be knocked
down
2 was built ... is used ... is being
painted
3 is called ... be called ... was
changed
4 have been made ... are produced
25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
is visited
were damaged
be built
is being cleaned
be forgotten
has already been done
be kept
Have you ever been bitten
was stolen
26
2 My car was stolen last week.
3 You’re/You are wanted on
the phone.
4 The bananas have been eaten.
5 The machine will be repaired.
6 We’re/W e are being watched.
7 The food has to be bought.
27
3 pushed
4 was pushed
5 has taken
6 is being repaired
7 invented
8 was the camera invented
9 did they send / have they
sent
10 be sent
28
2 B
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 C
7 C
8 B
9 B
10 A
11 15
12 C
K E Y TO ADDITIONAL E X E R C IS E S
29
30
1 I stayed
did you do
I watched
Are you going
I’m going
arc you going to see
I don’t know. I haven’t decided
2 have you been
Wc arrived
are you staying / are you going
to stay
do you like
we’re having
3 I’ve just remembered —Jill
phoned
She always phones ... Did she
leave
she wants
I’ll phone ... Do you know
I’ll get
4 I’m going ... Do you want
are you going
Have you ever eaten
I’ve been ... I went
5 I’ve lost... Have you seen
You were wearing ... I came
I’m not wearing
Have you looked / Did you
look
I’ll g o
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
B
C
B
A
C
A
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
B
A
C
B
C
A
C
B
31
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
20
a car
the fridge
a teacher
school
the cinema
a taxi
the piano
computers
the same
32
4 a h o rse
5 The sky
6 a tourist
7 for lunch (-)
8 the first President of the
United States
9 a watch
10 remember names (-)
21
22
the next train
writes letters (-)
the garden
the Majestic Hotel
ill last week (-) ... to work (-)
the highest mountain in the
world
to the radio ... having breakfast
(-)
like sport (-) ... is basketball (-)
a doctor ... an art teacher
the second door ... the top of
the stairs ... on the right
After dinner (-) ... watched
television (-)
a wonderful holiday in the
south of France (-)
33
2 in
3 on
4 at
3 on
6 in
7 since
8 on
9 by
10 in
11 for
12 at
at
in
at
on
by
for . .. on
to .. . in
20 at .. . in
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
[295]
Index
a /a n 64
a and some 66—67
a /a n and the 68
a b o u t 104E
ab o v e 102E
a c tiv e and p assive A ppen d ix 1
acro ss 103
ad jec tiv e s 84
adjectives and adverbs
(quick/quickly) 85
com paratives (older / more
expensive) 86-88
superlatives (the oldest / the most
expensive) 89
get + adjective (get tired etc.) 55B
possessive adjectives (m y / your /her
a n y b o d y /a n y o n e /a n y th in g 75D ,
7 7 -7 8
a n y w h e re 78
a p o s tro p h e ( I ’m , i t ’s etc.)
A p p en d ix 4
a p o s tr o p h e ’s (m y brother’s car) 63
a re see a m /is / a r e
a ro u n d 103, 1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 7
a rriv e 101C
a rticle s (a /a n /th e ) 64—72
a /a n 64, 66—67
a /a n and the 68
the 6 9 -7 2
as (not as . .. as) 88
something/anybody etc. + adjective 78C
adjectives + preposition (afraid o f
etc.) 105A
ad v e rb s 85
w o rd o rd er (alw ays/usually/often
etc.) 93
advise (advise somebody to ...) 52B
afraid (of) 105A
afte r 98, 110
ag o 19B
all
all and every etc. 79
all (of) 80
w o rd o rd er 93
alo n g 103
alre ad y 94C
already + present perfect 16B
w o rd o rd er 93
also (w ord order) 93
alw ays
always + present sim ple 5 C
w o rd o rd e r 93
a m /is /a r e 1-2
am /is/a re -ing (present co n tin u o u s)
3 -4 , 23A, 26, 50C
there is / there are 36
an see a
an d 109
a n g ry (w ith /a b o u t) 105A
a n o th e r 64B
an y
any and some 75
not + any 76
any and no 76
any (of) 80
[2 9 6 ]
w o rd o rd e r 93
b u t 109
b y 104C
by after th e passive (/ was bitten by a
dog.) 21D
by myself / by yourself etc. 6 2 C
by (= beside) I0 2 C /
ask
ask somebody to ... 52B
ask somebody for ... 106 A
etc.) 59, 61
below ' 102E
b esid e 102A
b e s t 89B
b e tte r 86D
b e tw e e n 102A
b it (a bit older/bigger etc.) 87D
b o r n 21C
b o th 8 1
c a n / c a n ’t 31
c o m p a ra tiv e (older / more expensive
at
etc.) 8 6 -8 8
at 8 o ’clock / at night etc. 96
at the bus stop / at work etc.
c o n d itio n a l ( i f . . . )
i f I do ...111
i f I did ... 112
c o n ju n c tio n s 109—112
9 9 -1 0 0
at a n d to 101
at the age o f . .. 104B
au x ilia ry v e rb s 23, 39-41
aw ay
run aumy / throw away etc. (phrasal
verbs) 107—108, A ppen d ix 7
b ac k
come back / give back etc. (plirasal
verbs) 1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 7
be (infinitive o f am /is/are)
a n d /b u t /o r /so /because 109
w hen/before/w hile /a fte r/u n til 110
i f 111-112
c o n tin u e (continue to . .. o r continue
-ing) 51 C
c o n tra c tio n s (short form s - I ’m, it’s,
y o u ’ve etc.) A p p en d ix 4
c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t 31C —D
c o u n ta b le an d u n co u n tab le nouns
6 6 -6 7
a m /is/a re 1—2
a m /is/a re + -ing (present
co n tin u o u s) 3—4, 23A , 26, 5 0 C
was /were 10
was/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 2 3 A, 50C
have/has been (present perfect)
1 5 -1 8
passive 2 1 -2 2 , A p p en d ix 1
will be 28
b e c a u se 109
d e p e n d (on) 106C
d id
did n ’t in negatives 12, 231), 3 9 C ,
42B , 50A
did in questions 12, 2 3 D , 3 9 C ,
43B , 50A
d iffe re n t (fro m ) 105A
d ire c t sp e ec h and re p o rte d speech
49
d o 56
b ee n
have/has been (present perfect)
don’t/d o e sn ’t in negatives 6, 2 3 D ,
3 9 C , 42B , 5 0 A*
1 5 -1 8
do/does in q uestions 7, 2319, 39C ,
been a n d gone 17C
there has/have been 37B
43B, 50A
b e fo re 98, 110
b e g in (begin to . .. o r begin -ing) 5 1 C
b e h in d 102A
b e lo n g (to) 106A
d o w n 103
sit down / p u t down etc. (phrasal
verbs) 1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 6 -7
d u r in g 98
T h e numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX
each o th e r 62D
e ith e r
either and too 41A
either (of) 81
e m b e d d e d q u e s tio n s (D o you know
w h a t. ..? etc.) 48
e n d (at the end of) 96B, 99B
en jo y
en jo y-in g 5 IB
enjoy m yself/yourselj etc. 62A
give
give something to somebody / give
somebody something 95
give up /g iv e back etc. (phrasal
ev er
i f we go / i f you see etc. 111
if and when 111C
verbs) 108, A p p en d ix 6 -7
g o 54
go -ing (sto sw im m ing etc.) 54D
go home / go to ivork / go to the
cinema 70
go in / g o back etc. (phrasal verbs)
e n o u g h 90
enough and too 9 1D
I /y o u /h e /s h e etc. (personal
p ronouns) 58, 61
i f 111-112
107
i f I had / i f we went 112
D o you kn o w i f . ..? 48C
in
in A p ril / in sum m er etc. 96
in a room / in hospital etc. 99-100
in five m inutes / in three years etc.
g o in g to ( I ’m going to do something)
27
H ave you ever . ..? 17
superlative + ever 89E
w o rd o rd er 93
ev ery 79
g o n e and b e e n 17C
good
e v e ry b o d y /e v e ry o n e /e v e ry th in g
/e v e ry w h e re 79C
e x p e c t 51 A ,52B
got
good an d well 85D
good at 105 A
past o f get 11C , 55
have/has got 9, 57A
96 E
in and to 101
p u t something in 103
go in / fill in etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-108, A ppendix 7
in fin itiv e (do/see/play etc.)
infin itiv e (do/see etc.) and to
+ infinitive (to do / to see etc.)
50, 52
can/w ill/sh o u ld etc. + infinitive
far
50A
had
H o w fa r is it? 38A, 46D
far —> further 86B
fast 85C
fed u p (w ith) 105A
few / a few 83
finish (finish -ing) 51 B
fo r
for ten minutes / for three years etc.
19, 97D
fo r and to . .. 53B
go fo r a walk etc. 54C
for and during 98C
fro m 9 7 A, 103
fro n t (in fro n t of) 102A -B
full (of) 105A
fu rth e r 86B
fu tu re 2 6 -2 9
I ’m working tomorrow, (present
continuous) 26
'llte concert starts at 7 .3 0 . (present
simple) 26C
(I’m )going to (do something) 27
will 28-29
shall 28D , 29C
future after w hen/before/w hile etc.
110B
future after i f 11 IB
past o f have 1 IC
had to 34 B
H e said he had (done something) 49,
A p pendix 1.1
h a p p e n (to) 106A
h a rd 8 5 C
has see h av e
h a te 5 1 C -D
h av e 9, 57
have got / has got 9, 57 A
have done / have been etc. (present
perfect) 1 5 -1 8 , 2 3 C
have to 34
there has/have been 37B
have breakfast / have a shower etc.
57B
h e r .58-59, 61
hers 60—61
h e rs e lf 62
h im 58, 61
h im s e lf 62
his 59—61
h o lid a y (on holiday) 54B , 104A
h o m e 54A , 70A , 101B
get hom e 5 5 C , 101C
h o w 46
IIo w lo n g have you ... ? (present
perfect) 18
g e o g ra p h ic a l n a m e s w ith and
w ith o u t the 72
g e ru n d see - in g
g e t 55
how big? / how old? / how far? etc.
46D
H o w long does it take? 47
how much? / how m any? 82A
get to (a place) 55C, 101C
get on / get up etc. (phrasal verbs)
107, A ppendix 6
T h e num bers are u n it num bers (not page num bers).
verbs + to + infin itiv e (I w ant to go
etc.) 50B, 51-52
infinitive and -ing (do/doing etc.)
50-51
I w ent to the shop to buy ...
(infinitive fo r purpose) 53
infin itiv e an d fo r . .. 53B
adjective + in finitive (it’s easy
to ...) 38B
something to eat / nowhere to i?o etc.
78D
- in g (doing/playing/going etc.)
a m /is/a re + -ing (present
co n tin u o u s) 3 -4 , 23A, 26,
50C
w as/were + -ing (past co n tin u o u s)
13, 23A, 50C
-ing and infin itiv e (do/doing etc.)
50-51
verbs + -ing (enjoy -ing etc.)
5 1 B -C
go -ing (go sw im m ing etc.) 54D
prepositions + -ing 98D, 105B
in te re s te d (in) 105A
in to 103
irre g u la r v e rb s 11C, 2411,
A p pendix 2—3
is see a m /is /a r e
it 38, 58B
it is and there is 36B, 38A
i t ’s and its 59C
its 59
ju s t
ju s t + presen t p erfect 16A
w o rd o rd e r 93
[297]
INDEX
k in d (kin d to somebody / kin d o f
somebody) 105 A
k n o w (D o yon know where ...? ) 48
le arn (learn to . .. ) 51A
left (on the left) 102 A
len d (lend something to somebody) 95
less 8 7C
let 52D
like ( W luit is it like?) 45B
like (verb)
w ould like 3 5 ,5 1 0 , 52A
do yon like? and would you like?
m u s t 32
m y /y o u r /h is etc. (possessive
adjectives) 59, 61
m y s e lf /y o u r s e lf etc. (reflexive
p ro n o u n s) 62
lo t (a lo t o f ...) 82
lo v e 5 1 C -D
m a k e 56
m any
m any and much 82
not as m any (as) 88B
too m any 91C
m a rrie d
married to 105A
get married 55
m a y 30D
m e /y o u /h im etc. (personal
n e ith e r
N either am I / N either do I etc.
41B
neither (of) 81
never
never + present sim ple 5 C
never + presen t p erfect 17
p ronouns) 60-61
m o d a l v erb s (w ill/can/m ight etc.)
28-35, 50A
m o r e 86C, 87
m o st
most (of) 80
the most expensive / the most difficult
etc. 89
m uch
much and m any 82
much bigger / much more expensive
87D
not as much (as) 88B
too much 91C
[298]
presen t sim ple (is done) and past
sim ple (was done) 21
p resen t co n tin u o u s (is being done)
and presen t perfect (has been
done) 22
w ill/ca n /m u st (etc.) be done
A ppen d ix 1.2
p a st (preposition) 103
p a s t c o n tin u o u s (was/were + -ing)
w o rd o rd e r 93
n e x t to 102 A
13-14, 2 3 A, 50C
past co n tin u o u s (/ was doing) and
past sim ple (/ did) 14
past c o n tin u o u s passive
A ppen d ix 1.1
n ic e (nice to somebody / nice o f
somebody) 105A
n o (no m oney / no friends etc.)
p a s t p a rtic ip le (cleaned/done/seen
7 6 A -B , 80A
n o b o d y /n o - o n c / n o th in g 7 7 -7 8
no-one and none 7 6 C
n o n e 7 6 B -C , 8 0 B -C
n o r (N o r am I / N o r do I etc.) 4 1 B
n o u n s (countable and u n countable)
6 6 -6 7
n o w h e re 78
etc.) 24A
presen t p erfect (J have cleaned) 15,
23 C
passive (the room was cleaned)
2 1 -2 2 , 23B , A p p en d ix 1
regular (cleaned) and irreg u lar (seen)
24B , A ppendix 2—3
p a s t p e rfe c t .
of
the roof o f the building etc. 6 3 C
th e ..', o f . . . 7 2 E
m id d le (in the middle of) 100 A,
102A
p a ir (a pair o f . . . ) 65B
p assiv e 2 1 -2 2 , 23B , A p p en d ix 1
negative questions 4 3 C
no and none 76
not + any 76—7 ?
p ronouns) 58, 61
m ig h t 30
m in d (/ don’t m ind -ing) 51B
m in e /y o u r s /h c rs etc. (possessive
verbs) 107—108, A p p en d ix 6-7
n e g a tiv e s 42
make somebody do something
52D
make and do 56
climb over / knock over (phrasal
needn’t 32D
need to ... 5 1A
look + adjective (look tired etc.)
84C
1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 6 -7
n ee d
35C
look a t/for/after 106B
out o f 103
go out / p u t out etc. (phrasal verbs)
o v e r 103
like to ... o r like -ing 51C
listen (to) 106A
little / a little 83
lo o k
o u g h t to 33F
o u r 59, 61
o u rs 60—61
o u rselv e s 62
out
m u stn ’t 3 2 C
m ust and should 33E
m ust and have to 34D
1 1 -1 2
o f f 103
get o ff / turn o ff etc. (phrasal verbs)
1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 6
o ffe r (to do something) 5 1 A
o fte n
often + p resen t sim ple 5C
w o rd o rd e r 93
on
on M onday / on 2 5 A p ril etc. 96
on the table / on the wall 9 9 -1 0 0
on the left/right. 102A
on holiday / on television etc. 104A
go on (h o lid a y /a trip etc.) 54B
get on /p u t on etc. (phrasal verbs)
107—108, A p pendix 6 -7
o n e /o n e s 74
o p p o s ite 102B
o r 109B
H e said he had (done something) 49
active and passive A p p en d ix 1.1
p a s t sim p le (did/cleaned/saw etc.)
negative (d id n ’t ...) 12, 4213
questions (did ...? ) 12, 43B
was/were 10
regular (cleaned) and irregular verbs
(saw) 11C , A p p en d ix 2 -3
past sim ple + ago 19B
past sim ple (I did ) and present
perfect (I have done) 20
past sim ple (I did) and past
co n tin u o u s (I was doing) 14
past sim ple passive (the room was
cleaned) 2 1 , 23B , A p pendix 1.1
i f + past sim ple ( if I had / i f we
went) 112
p e o p le 65 C—D
p e rso n a l p ro n o u n s (I/m e /y o u etc.)
58, 61
T he numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX
p e rs u a d e (persuade somebody to . .. )
52B
p h ra s a l v e rb s (get up / p u t on etc.)
1 0 7 -108, A ppendix 6 -7
p lu ra l (cup —¥ cups / man —> m en etc.)
65
p o lic e (plural) 65L)
p o sse ssiv e a d je c tiv e s (m y /y o u r/h is
etc.) 5 9 ,6 1
p o sse ssiv e p r o n o u n s
(m ine/yours/his etc.) 60-61
p re f e r 5 1 C -D
p re p o s itio n s 9 6 -1 0 6
a t/o n /in (tim e) 96
for/since 19, 97
until 9 7 A—B
before/after/dtiring/whHe 98
in /a t/o n (places) 99—100
to /in /a t (places) 101
on 9 6 ,9 9 - 1 0 0 ,102A, 104A
at 96, 9 9 -1 0 1 , 10413
under /behind /opposite etc.
(position) 102
up /over/through etc. (m ovem ent)
103
by 102C , 104C
w ith/w ithout 104D , 10513
about 104E
prepositions + -ing (in -ing /
without -ing etc.) 9 8 D , 10513
adjective + prepositions (afraid o f
etc.) 105 A
verb + preposition (listen to / wait
fo r etc.) 106
prepositions at the en d (W h o is she
talking to?) 45
prepositions in relative clauses ( the
man she is talking to) 1 1413
p re s e n t c o n ti n u o u s (a m /is/are
+ -ing) 3 -4 , 23A, 50C
negative (I'm not -ing) 3
questions (are you -ing?) 4
present co ntinuous (/ am doing)
and present sim ple ( I do) 8
present co n tin u o u s passive 22A,
A ppendix 1.1
present co n tin u o u s for th e future
(W h a t are you doing tomorrow?)
26
p re s e n t p e r f e c t (I have done) 15 -2 0 ,
23C
present perfect + ju s t 16A
present perfect + already 16B
present perfect + yet 16C , 94B
H ave you ever . ..? 17
gone and been 17C
H ow loiig have you . ..? 18
present perfect + for/since 18-19
presen t p erfect c o n tin u o u s (I have
been -ing) 18B
present p erfect (/ have done) and
past sim ple (I did) 20
presen t p erfect passive 22B,
A ppendix 1 .1
regular and irregular verbs 1513,
24, A p p en d ix 2—3
p r e s e n t s im p le (/ work / she works
etc.) 5 -7 , 2 3 D
negative (don’t/d o e sn ’t) 6, 42B
questions (do/does ...? ) 7 , 43B
present sim ple + a lw a ys/u su a lly /
never etc. 5 C
presen t sim ple (/ do) and present
co n tin u o u s (I am doing) 8
present sim ple passive (the room
is cleaned) 21, 23B,
A p p en d ix 1.1
presen t sim ple for the fu tu re (T h e
concert starts at 7. .30.) 2 6 C
presen t sim ple after w hen /w h ile etc.
110B
presen t sim ple after if 11 IB
p r o m is e (promise to ...) 5 1A
p ro n o u n s
personal p ro n o u n s (I/m e /y o u etc.)
58, 61
possessive p ro n o u n s (m ine/yours
etc.) 60-61
reflexive p ro n o u n s (m yself/yourself
etc.) 62
one/ones 74
relative p ro n o u n s (w ho/w hich/that)
113-1 14
put
p u t som ething in ... 103
p u t on / p u t out etc. (phrasal verbs)
108, A p p en d ix 7
q u e s tio n s 4 3 -4 6
a m /is/a re . ..? 2
do /does ...? (present simple) 7, 431$
did . ..? (past sim ple) 12, 43B
W h y d o n ’t . . . ? / ' W h y isn’t . ..? etc.
43C
W ho saw you? / W ho did you see?
44
prep o sitio n at th e e n d (W h o is she
talking to?) 45
W hat / W hich / H o w . .. ?
46
H o w long does it take? 47
D o you know where . .. ? (em b ed d ed
questions) 48
reply questions (H ave you? / A re
you? t tc.) 40A
questio n tags (... do you? / . . . isn ’t
it? etc.) 4013
The num bers are u n it num bers (not page num bers).
re fle x iv e p r o n o u n s (m yself/yourself
etc.) 62
r e g u l a r a n d ir r e g u la r v e rb s 11,
24, A p p en d ix 2 -3
re la tiv e c la u s e s 113—114
re la tiv e p r o n o u n s (w ho/w hich/that)
1 1 3 -1 1 4
re p ly q u e s tio n s (H ave you? / A re
you?) 4 0 A
re p o rte d sp eech
H e said t h a t . . . / H e told me that ...
49
H e told me to . .. 52C
r i g h t (on the right) 102A
ro u n d
103
turn round / show round (phrasal
verbs) 1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 7
’s (a p o s tro p h e ’s) 63, A p pendix 4.5
s a m e 69B, 88E
s a y /s a id
H e said t h a t . .. (rep o rted speech)
49
say and tell 491$
sh a ll 28 D , 2 9 C
s h o r t f o r m s (I'm / i t ’s / you 've etc.)
A ppen d ix 4
s h o u ld 33
s im p le p a s t see p a s t s im p le
s im p le p r e s e n t see p r e s e n t s im p le
s in c e 19A, 9 7 C
s in g u la r a n d p lu r a l (flower —>
flowers) 65
so
so am I / so do /e t c . 41B
I was tired, so I went to bed. 109
so m e
some and a /a n 66—
67
some and any 75
some (of) 80
s o m e b o d y /s o m e o n e / s o m e th in g /
s o m e w h e r e 75, 78
s o m e ti m e s
sometimes + p resen t sim ple 5C
w o rd o rd e r 93
s o r r y (sorry about and so n y for) 105A
s p e a k (to) 106A
s p e llin g A p p en d ix 5
s t a r t (start to . .. and start -ing) 51C
still 94
w o rd o rd er 93
s t o p (stop -ing) 5 1B
s u g g e s t (suggest -ing) 51B
s u p e r la tiv e (the biggest / the most
expensive etc.) 89
ta g s (qu estio n tags) 40B
ta k e (/ low long does it take?) 47
INDEX
to
talk (to) 106A
tell/told
H e told me that ... 49
tell and say 49B
C an you tell me where . ..? 48A
H e told me to ... 5213
tenses
active and passive A ppen d ix 1.1
present co n tin u o u s (I am doing)
3 -4 , 23A , 26, 50C
present sim ple (1 do) 5 -7 , 23D ,
26C
past sim ple (1 did) 11—1 2 ,1 4 , 20,
23 D
past co n tin u o u s (1 was doing)
1 3 -1 4 , 23A , 50C
present perfect (/ have done)
1 5 -2 0 , 2 3C
b e/h a ve/d o in present and past
tenses 23
than 8 7 -8 8
that 73
H e said t h a t ... (reported speech)
49C
that and this 73
a thing t h a t ... (relative clauses)
113
the 68—72
the and a /a n 68
the same 69B
the sun / the sk y etc. 69C
the cinema / the theatre / the bank
etc. 70B
flowers / the flowers 7 IB
the in nam es o f places 72
the biggest / the most expensive etc.
89"
their 59, 61
theirs 60, 61
them 58, 61
themselves 62
there
there
there
there
there
there
is/are 36
was /were 37 A
has/have been 3713
will be 37C
is and it is 36B
these 73
think (ithink about
this 73
those 73
through 103
till (= until) 97B
to
/ think of) 106A
tim e 9 7 A
places 1 0 1 ,1 0 3
go to ... 54A , 101A
g et to ... 55C , 101C
13 0 0 ]
+ infinitive
infinitive
too 91
(logo / to be etc.) see
when
whether
which
too an d either 4 1 A
turn (turn round / turn on etc.)
W hich
W hich
Which
a thing
(phrasal verbs) 107—108,
A ppendix 7
uncountable nouns
103
HOB
W ho ... ? 44
a person who . .. (relative clauses)
113
whose (W hose
will 2 8 -2 9
107—108, A p p en d ix 6 -7
us 58, 61
used (I used to ...) 25
is this?) 60L9
will and shall 2813, 2 9 C
w o n ’t 2 8 A
there w ill be 3 7 C
usually
usually + present sim ple 5 C
w o rd o rd e r 93
with/w ithout
104D
w ith /w ith o u t + -ing I05B
won’t (= will not) 28A
verbs
p resen t tenses 1 -9 , 23, 26
past tenses 10—14, 20, 23
present p erfect 15 -2 0 , 23
passive 2 1 -2 2 , A p pendix 1
regular an d irregular verbs 24,
A ppendix 2—3
future 2 6 -2 9
m odal verbs (w ill/can/should etc.)
2 8 -3 5 , 50A
negatives 42
questions 4 3 -4 6
re p o rte d speech 49
verbs + -ing 50—5 1
verbs + to . . . (infinitive) 50—52
verbs + prep o sitio n (look at / speak
to e tc .) 106
phrasal verbs (get up / p u t on etc.)
1 0 7 -1 0 8 , A p p en d ix 6 -7
53 C , 106A
word order
q uestions 4 3 -4 5
p resen t c o n tin u o u s questions
413
p resen t sim ple questions 7B
past sim ple q uestions 1219
passive 21—22
D o you know where ...? (em bedded
questions) 4f^
verb + o b ject 92A
place and tim e 92B
always /usually /often etc. 93
after g ive /le n d /send etc. 95
worse 8619
worst 89B
would
I'd like / would you like? 35
would like /lo v e / etc. 5119
H e would buy a car i f he had the
m oney. 112
write (to) 106A
want to . .. 5 IA
w ant somebody to . . . 52A
was/were
. .. ? 46
. . . ? and W h a t . ..? 4 6 C
one/ones? 74B
which . .. (relative clauses)
113
98, 110
get up / pick up etc. (phrasal verbs)
wait (for)
want
48C
while
who
(salt/w ater/m usic etc.) 6 6 -6 7
under 102D ,
until 9 7 A -B ,
up 103
110
when a n d i f 111 C
yet
10
94
yet + present perfect 16C
w as/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 23A , 5 0 C
was /were done (passive) 21, 23B
there w as/were 37 A
i f I was /were . .. 112B
well 8519
were see was
you 58, 61
your 59, 61
yours 6 0 -6 1
yourself/yourselves
62
what
W
W
W
W
h a t . ..? and W ho . ..? 4 4 C
h a t . . . like? 45B
h a t .. .? 46
h a t . ..? an d W hich . ..? 4 6 C
T he numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
Essential Grammar in Use
With answers • Second Edition
A self-study reference and practice book for elementary students.
Essential Grammar in.Use is a grammar reference and practice book
for elementary learners. Modelled on Raymond Murphy’s highly
successful intermediate level English Grammar in Use, it concentrates
on areas of grammar normally taught at elementary level.
• Easy to use: on each left-hand page a grammar point is explained
and on the facing pages there are exercises to check understanding.
• Clear explanations: grammar for elementary learners is explained in
simple language with many examples and attractive illustrations.
• Accessible: the clear contents list and index of grammatical items
make it easy for learners to select the units they need to study.
• Additional exercises: these o ffe r extra practice of grammar points
from different units.
• Appendices: these useful references deal with tenses, irregular
verbs, short forms, spelling and phrasal verbs.
• Self-study: the book can be used by learners working independently
or as supplementary course material.
• Key: this contains the answers to all exercises.