Download MSc MLT

Bachelors of Sciences in Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. MLT
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE
Masters of Sciences in Medical Laboratory Technology (M.Sc. MLT) is offered by Sri Guru
Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Amritsar. This program is designed to produce
workforce having efficient and balanced training in laboratory medicine. The students
enrolled under this program receive a stimulating, challenging and yet supportive academic
exposure. This course is designed as a comprehensive and practical oriented program with the
main objective to train the technical assistants working in laboratory, hospitals as well as with
private practice. It provides the opportunity for enhancing specialization in the workforce.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
Given the focus on the healthcare and the demand for allied health professionals, career
opportunities for clinical lab professionals is expected to grow faster than the average of all
other occupations. These individuals are expected to work in the following jobs:

Specialized technologist in Biochemistry or supervisors of clinical laboratories in
hospitals.

Laboratory scientists in Biomedical and research institutes.

Teachers in training institutes of Medical Laboratory Technology.

Utilize or apply the concepts, theories and principles of laboratory science.

Demonstrate the ability to plan an effect the change in laboratory practice and health care
delivery system.

Establish collaborative relationship with members of other disciplines.

Demonstrate interest in continued learning and research for personal and professional
advancement.
DURATION OF COURSE
The duration of the Master's Degree in Medical Laboratory technology including submission
of project work (6 months) on the topic registered shall be for a period of two years from the
commencement of the academic term on full time basis. This is a regular theory and practical
oriented program.
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ADMISSION CRITERIA AND QUALIFICATIONS

The students who have passed B.Sc. MLT Course from Sri Guru Ram Das University of
Health Sciences, Amritsar with a minimum of 50% marks are eligible for this course.

Students who have passed B.Sc. MLT course with a minimum of 50% marks from other
Universities considered equivalent by Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences,
Amritsar are eligible for this course.

Candidates passing B.Sc MLT through Correspondence course shall not be eligible
MEDIUM AND MODE OF INSTRUCTION
The medium of instruction during the course and examination shall be English. The mode of
teaching will be in form of regular classrooms, lectures/demonstrations supplemented by
handouts, brochures, checklists, performance with supervised clinical practice.
EXAMINATION SCHEDULE
1. The examination shall be held twice in a year in the months of May/June and
November/December or on such other dates as may be decided by the Board of
Management on the recommendation of Faculty of Sri Guru Ram Das University of
Health Sciences, Amritsar.
2. Normally, the University shall conduct not more than two examinations in a year, for any
subject, with an interval of not less than four and not more than six months between the
two examinations.
3. The last date by which admission forms and fees must reach the Registrar shall be as
follows
Examinations
Without late fee
M.Sc. (MLT)
With late fee With late fee With late fee
of Rs. 200/-
of Rs. 500/-
of Rs. 1500/-
May/June
March 1
March 15
March 31
April 15
Nov/Dec
Sept. 15
Sept. 30
Oct. 15
Oct. 31
Vice-chancellor may permit acceptance of admission form and fee ten days before the
commencement of examination with a late fee of Rs. 2000/-.
ATTENDANCE
Every candidate should have attended at least 75 % of the total number of classes conducted
in an academic year from the date of commencement of the term to the last working day as
notified by university in each of the subjects prescribed for that year separately in theory and
practical. Only such candidates are eligible to appear for the university examinations in their
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first attempt. Special classes conducted for any purpose shall not be considered for the
calculation of percentage of attendance for eligibility. A candidate lacking in prescribed
percentage of attendance in any subjects either in theory or practical in the first appearance
will not be eligible to appear for the University Examination in that subject.
ASSESSMENTS
There shall be an internal as well as external assessment both in theory as well as practical
examinations.
Formative Assessment
Theory: 20 marks
Practical: 50 marks [Laboratory work: 20 marks and Record: 30 marks]
Summative Assessment
Theory: 100 marks
Practical: 130 marks [Practical: 100 marks and viva voce: 30 marks]
There shall be a minimum of two periodical tests preferably one in each term in theory and
practical of each subject in an academic year. The average marks of the two tests will be
calculated and reduced to 20. The University shall have access to the records of such
periodical tests.
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SUBJECT AND HOURS OF TEACHING FOR THEORY AND
PRACTICALS
The number of hours of teaching theory and practical, subject wise in first and second years
are shown in Table-I and Table-II.
Table I: Distribution of Teaching Hours in First year
S. No.
Subject
Theory
Practical
Clinical
Total No. of
No. of Hours
No. of Hours
Posting
Hours
1
Biochemistry
200
200
500
900
2
Clinical Pathology,
200
200
500
900
200
200
500
900
600
600
1500
2700
Haematology and
Immunopathology
3
General
Microbiology,
Immunology
and Immunological
Techniques
Total
The classes in main and subsidiary subjects are to be held from Monday to Thursday. On
Fridays and Saturdays students shall work in hospitals in the respective specialty or
department chosen by them.
Table II: Distribution of Teaching Hours in Second Year
S. No.
Subject
Theory
Practical
Clinical
Total No. of
No. of
No. of Hours
Posting
Hours
Hours
1
Biochemistry
200
200
500
900
2
Clinical Pathology &
Haematology
General Microbiology
and Immunology
Total
200
200
500
900
200
200
500
900
600
600
1500
2700
3
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EXAMINATION SCHEDULE
First Year M.Sc. (MLT) Examination
The first year M.Sc. (MLT) examination shall be open to a person who
a) has been enrolled for one academic year preceding the examination in Sri Guru Ram Das
University of Health Sciences, Amritsar.
b) has his/her name submitted to the Registrar by the Principal of the college with the
following certificates:
i) of having attended separately in theory and practical/clinical not less than 75 % of
the lectures delivered and practicals conducted in each of the subjects prescribed
for the examination provided and practicals conducted may be condoned by the
principal to the extent of 10 % of the lectures delivered
ii) of having secured at least 35 % marks of the total marks fixed for internal
assessment in each subject, separately.
iii) of good moral character.
Note: The re-appear/fail students will be re-assessed every time for the purpose of
improvement of internal assessment. If a candidate fulfils the condition laid down for one or
more subjects, he/she may be allowed to take the examination in such subjects in which
he/she fulfils the requirements. The first year M.Sc. (MLT) annual examination shall be held
in May/June and the supplementary examination in Nov/Dec.
The first year M.Sc. MLT annual examination shall be in the following subjects and
candidates shall be required to pass all the subjects:
Total
Assessment
Formative
Total
Marks
Practical
Viva
Subject
Assessment
No.
Formative
S.
Marks
Theory
Grand Total
Table IV: Distribution of Marks in First Year Examination
100
20
30
150
100
50
150
300
100
20
30
150
100
50
150
300
Biochemistry
1
Clinical
Pathology,
2
Haematology and
Immunopathology
5
General
Microbiology,
3
Immunology
and
100
20
30
150
100
50
150
300
Immunological
Techniques

Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration.

The minimum number of marks to pass the examination shall be 50 % in theory
including internal assessment and viva and 50 % in practical including internal
assessment in each subject separately.

A candidate who passes in one or more subjects shall be exempted from appearing in
these subjects at a subsequent examination, but the candidate must pass the examination
in a maximum of four attempts, failing which he/she shall have to appear in all the
subjects of the examination.

A candidate who fails in one or more subjects in his/her 1st attempt, shall be permitted to
attend classes in second year M.Sc. MLT course. However, he/she will be allowed to
appear in second year M.Sc. MLT examination only after passing all the subjects of first
year M.Sc. MLT.

A candidate securing 75 % or above marks in any of the subjects shall be declared to
have passed with distinction in that subject, provided he/she has passed the examination
in first attempt.

The grace marks up to a maximum of five marks may be awarded at the discretion of the
university to the best advantage of failed student in theory papers only.
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Second Year M.Sc. (MLT) Examination
The second year M.Sc. (MLT) examination shall be open to a person who
a) has been enrolled for one academic year preceding the examination in Sri Guru Ram Das
University of Health Sciences.
b) has previously passed the first year M.Sc. (MLT) examination of this University or an
examination of any other University/Institution in India considering equivalent for the
purpose by the University.
c) has his/her name submitted to the Registrar by the Principal of the college with the
following certificates:
i) of having attended separately in theory and practical/clinical not less than 75 per
cent of lectures delivered and practicals conducted in each of the subjects
prescribed for the examination provided that deficiency in the number of lectures
delivered and practicals conducted may be condoned by the Principal to the extent
of 10 % of the lectures delivered.
ii) of having secured at least 35 % marks of the total marks fixed for internal
assessment in each subject, separately.
iii) of good moral character.
Note: The re-appear/fail students will be re-assessed every time for the purpose of
improvement of internal assessment. If a candidate fulfils the condition laid down for one or
more subjects, he/she may be allowed to take the examination in such subjects in which
he/she fulfils the requirements. The second year M.Sc. (MLT) annual examination shall be
held in May/June and the supplementary examination in Nov/Dec.
The second year M.Sc. MLT annual examination shall be in the following subjects and
candidates shall be required to pass all the subjects:
Total
Assessment
Formative
Total
Marks
Practical
Viva
Assessment
Subject
Formative
S. No.
Marks
Theory
Grand Total
Table IV: Distribution of Marks in Second Year Examination
100
20
30
150
100
50
150
300
100
20
30
150
100
50
150
300
Biochemistry
1
2
Clinical
Pathology &
Haematology
7
3
General
Microbiology
and
Immunology
100
20
30
150
100
50
150
300

Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration.

The minimum number of marks to pass the examination shall be 50 % in theory
including internal assessment and viva and 50 % in practical including internal
assessment in each subject separately.

A candidate who passes in one or more subjects shall be exempted from appearing in
these subjects at a subsequent examination, but the candidate must pass the examination
in a maximum of four attempts, failing which he/she shall have to appear in all the
subjects of the examination.

A candidate securing 75 % or above marks in any of the subjects shall be declared to
have passed with distinction in that subject, provided he/she has passed the examination
in first attempt.

The grace marks up to a maximum of five marks may be awarded at the discretion of the
university to the best advantage of failed student in theory papers only.
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APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINERS
The examiners shall be appointed by the University on the recommendation of the Board of
Studies in Medical Sciences (Post graduate)/Faculty of Medical Sciences. Examiners shall be
from Medical Faculty with postgraduate degree in the concerned subject, with minimum rank
of Associate Professor and having minimum three year teaching experience in medical
institution. The teachers possessing M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree from any non-medical
institution/University shall not be appointed Examiner as they are not eligible to be appointed
as Teachers in Medical Institution.
PAPER SETTING AND MODERATION OF QUESTION PAPERS
The University may get each paper set from External Examiner only. The moderation of
question papers may be got done under the direction of the Vice-Chancellor, if necessary.
EVALUATION OF ANSWER BOOKS
The answer books shall be got evaluated by putting fictitious roll numbers theron or spot
evaluation (table marking) or any other method under the direction of the Vice-Chancellor.
DECLARATION OF RESULT
The Registrar/Controller of Examinations shall publish the result after the examination. The
candidate shall be issue Detailed Marks Certificate through their Principals.
INTERNSHIP
After successfully passing third year B.Sc. (MLT) examination, the students shall undergo six
months compulsory rotatory internship as follows:
S. No.
Department
Period of Internship
1
Biochemistry
Two months
2
Microbiology
Two months
3
Pathology
Two months
AWARD OF DEGREE
On successful completion of six months compulsory rotator internship, duly certified by the
Principal of the College, the students shall be awarded the Degree of Bachelor of Sciences
(Medical Laboratory Technology)- M.Sc. (MLT).
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CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS
M.Sc. MLT
The candidate registered for M.Sc. Medical Laboratory Technology will be given basic
training in theoretical and practical aspects in the field of histopathology, cytopathology,
clinical pathology, haematology, blood banking, immunopathology and maintaining of
museum specimens. The students will also obtain basic knowledge of morbid anatomy,
physiology, histology and laboratory investigations/tests in relation to various diseases. The
principles of different techniques used for such investigations will also be imparted. The
student will also be given training in Laboratory management, safety measures, quality
control aspects and automatic technology. The training in the subject is aimed at making the
student work independently in various advanced pathology laboratories of any hospital or
medical institution.
SYLLABUS FOR FIRST YEAR
BIOCHEMISTRY
General Biochemistry and Chemistry of Biomolecules
THEORY
Chemistry of living things: Structure of cell. Plant, animal, bacteria and virus. Nucleus,
organelle, cell- membrane. Structure and functions.
Water-a medium for living things. Universal solvent, hydrogen bonds, colligative properties.
Preparation of high quality water.
Physical chemistry: Viscosity, surface tension, osmosis, Donnan membrane equilibrium,
dialysis, diffusion, adsorption, partition coefficient- Principles and biochemical applications..
Methodology: Photometry, spectrophotometry ,fluorimetry, flamephotometry, Atomic
absorption spectrophotometry, osmometry nephelometry. Chromatography, electrophoresis,
electrochemistry, Biosensors, chemiluminesence, Flow cytometry. Homogenization, cell
disruption, sonication, centrifugation and ultra centrifugation fractional distillation,solvent
extraction , liophilization. General concepts regarding laboratory wares and its
standardization. Quantities and units: SI units- their advantages and disadvantages Specimen
collection, preservation and preparation for analysis, constituent stability, documentation and
specimen flow system, interferences in the collection process. Anticoagulants and
preservatives. Regulations and precautions regarding transport of biological specimens.
Biomedical waste disposal. Electrolytes, pH and buffers- pH meter, pH measurement,
buffers, biological buffers.
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Radioactivity: radioisotopes, ionizing radiations, measurement of radioactivity, applications
of radioisotopes in clinical biochemistry and research, Storage and disposal of radioactive
materials.
Biomolecules: Characteristics and properties.
Proteins: Classification, properties and chemistry of amino acids and proteins, structure of
proteins aminoacid sequencing of proteins.
Carbohydrates: Classification, Chemistry and properties.
Lipids : Classification, Chemistry and properties.
Bio-membranes: Chemistry, structure, Transport process across bio-membranes.
Nucleic acids: chemistry and properties – purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides,
nucleic acids, nucleoproteins, genes and Chromosomes.
Biological Fluids
Ceribro spinal fluid analysis
Amniotic fluid – Bilirubin, Creatinine,alpha feto protein, Lecitin / Spigomyelin ratio,
Palmitate and other tests of foetal lung maturity. Screening for Down syndrome.
Urine Analysis – Normal and abnormal urine composition including abnormal pigments.
Biochemical analysis of Peritonial fluid, Pleural fluid, Synovial fluid, Semen etc.
PRACTICALS
Laboratory safety: Fire, chemical, radiation, handling of biological specimens, waste disposal
regulations, workplace hazardous.
Specimen collection, identification, transport, delivery and preservation.
Patient preparation for tests.
Anticoagulats and preservatives
Regulations and precautions regarding transport of biological specimens
Preparation of high quality water
pH determination
Preparation of buffers and determination of pH
Measurement of radioactivity
Practicals related to solvent extraction, Partition coefficient, Dialysis, Concentration,
desalting and Ultracentrifugation.
Calibration of equipments and laboratory wares.
Familiarization and usage of Colorimetry, specterophotometry, fluorimetry, flame
photometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, nephelometry, osmometry, chemiluminesence
,ion selective electrodes, flow cytometry.
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Chromatography : - Paper, Thin layer, Gel filteration, Ion exchange, HPLC, GLC, Separation
of various sugars, amino acids, lipids, drugs toxins etc. Urine aminogram.
Electrophoresis :- Paper, Agarose gel, Cellulose acetate, PAGE, SDS-PAGE. Separation of
serum proteins, lipoproteins, haemoglobin, globin chain and isoenzymes
Tissue homogenization and cell disruption
Cell fractionation methods
Extraction of glycogen and its estimation
Extraction of protein and its estimation
Extraction of lipids and estimation of total lipids, glycolipid, phospholipids and cholesterol.
Determination of saponification number and iodine number from oils
Estimation of lacticacid and pyruvic acid
Qualitative analysis of carbohydrate
Detection of unknown sugars
Qualitative analysis of proteins
Isolation of DNA and RNA
Estimation of DNA and RNA
Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA
Estimation of porphyrins and porphobilinogen in urine.
Urine qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Biochemical analysis of CSF, Amniotic fluid, Peritoneal fluid, Pericardial fluid, Pleural fluid,
Synovial fluid, Semen etc.
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SYLLABUS FOR SECOND YEAR
BIOCHEMISTRY
Enzymology, Metabolism and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
THEORY
Enzymes: Classification, co-enzymes, cofactors, mechanisms of enzyme action, factors
affecting enzyme action, enzyme kinetics, enzyme inhibition, regulatory enzymes, enzyme
immobilization, Clinical enzymology.
Applications of Enzymology Metabolism: Bioenergetics, free energy, biological oxidations,
electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, uronic acid pathway, TCA cycle,
HMP pathway, glycogen metabolism, galactose metabolism, fructose metabolism, Regulation
of blood glucose
Aminoacid metabolism: Transamination, deamination, oxidative deamination, ammonia
transport, urea formation
Metabolism of individual amino acids. Biosynthesis of catacholamines, melanin formation,
Nitrogen balance.
Lipid metabolism: Fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis.
Metabolism of triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. Lipoprotein
metabolism, obesity, fatty liver, lipotropic factors and ketosis, atherosclerosis and coronary
heart disease.
Purine, Pyrimidine metabolism: Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Hemoglobin metabolism: Heme synthesis, formation of hemoglobin, metabolism of
bilirubin, urobilinogen, and other bile pigments.
Inborn errors of metabolism:
Inborn errors of carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, purine and pyrimidine, heme and bilirubin
metabolism – Defect in protein biosynthesis arising from genetic mutations. Enzyme
abnormalities occurring in genetic disorders. The biochemical consequences of a primary
enzyme block in a metabolic pathway and the ways in which clinical and pathological signs
may be produced . Methods of detecting metabolic disorders. Methods of treatment.
PRACTICAL
Study of factors influencing enzyme reaction.
Type of inhibition shown by various inhibitors
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Determination of Km and Vmax of enzyme.
Determination of activity of clinically important enzymes – Alkaline phosphatase, Acid
phosphatase, AST, ALT, Amylase, Lipase, LDH, CK, G^PD, Pyruvate kinase, Aldolase, 51Nucleotidase, Leucine amino peptidase, Gamma glutamyl trans peptidase, Choline esterase,
Enolase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Catalase, various isoenzymes etc.
Estimation and standardization of Glucose, Urea, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Phopholipids,
Total lipid, Uric acid, Creatine , Creatinine, Ammonia, Ketone bodies, Glycosilated
haemoglobin, Bilirubin,, Plasma haemoglobin , Myoglobin Investigations of Alkaptoneuria,
Cystineuria, Pentoseuria, Glycogen storage diseases, Galactosemia.
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REFERENCE BOOKS
Biochemistry
1. Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998
2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition,
1995
3. Biochemistry – Lubert Stryer
4. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27h edition, 2006
5. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman
and Company, New York, USA, 2005
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by West and Todd, Fourth Edition, 1966
7. Text book of clinical chemistry - Teitz
8. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS
Publishers and distributors, India Sixth Edition
9. Practical Biochemistry – Wilson & Walker
10. Clinical chemistry – Marshal
11. Clinical Biochemistry Principle and Practice – Praful B Godkar
12. Lecture notes on Clinical chemistry – L.G.Whitby
13. Clinical Chemistry – Kaplan
14. Clinical chemistry in diagnosis and treatment – Philip D Mayne
15. Clinical Chemistry – Michael L Bishop
16. NMS Biochemistry
17. Immunology: Janis Kuby fourth edition, W H Freeman Company, USA (2000)
18. Essential Immunology : Ivan Roitt (Blackwell Science Publishers, UK, 1997)
19. A Hand Book of Practical Immunology:GP Talwar (Vikas Publishing House, 1983)
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