Download Evidence for Evolution Web Quest

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ______________________________
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Web Quest
Go to: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/lines_01"
1. Go%to%Fossil%Evidence%
Fossil"evidence"clearly"shows"that"__________________________________________________________.""
%
What"did"“tongue"stones”"actually"end"up"being?"___________________________.""
"
Iguanodon
The"discover"of"iguanodon"teeth"sent"a"powerful"message"that"__________________________________"
_____________________________________________________________________________________."
"
Each"new"fossil"contains"addiKonal"clues"that"______________________________________________"and"
help"us"to"_______________________________________.""
Examples"Include:""
• IndicaKon"of"_______________________"
• With"which"exKnct"organism"did"the"ammonite"fossil"have"an"interacKon"with?"And"how"do"we"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
know"of"these"interacKons?"______________________________________________________"
_____________________________________________________________________________.""
• Clues"at"the"________________"level""
• What"can"we"tell"from"the"fossilized"bone"of"the"duck"bill"dinosaur"Maiasaura?"______________"
_____________________________________________________________________________."
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(TransiKonal"Forms)"
2.%Transi5onal%Forms"
___________"or"__________________"that"show"the"__________________"states""between"an"
____________"form"and"that"of"its"__________________"are"referred"to"as"_________________"
____________.""
"
How"do"we"know"that'Pakicetus'is"related"to"whales"and"dolphins?"_______________________________"
____________________________________________________________.""
"
What"was"the"transiKonal"form"between"Pakicetus"and"modern"day"whales?"Why"does"this"make"sense"as"
far"as"nostril"locaKon?"___________________________________________________________________"
" ________________________________________________________________
" ________________________________________________________________.""
"
Pakicetus
How"does"the"diagram"depicKng"the"evoluKon"of"the"eohippus"into"the""modern"day"horse"include"
transiKonal"forms?"______________________________________________________________________"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________.""
"
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(Homologies)"
"
"
"
Copyright 2015 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”). All rights reserved.
3.%Homologies%
EvoluKonary"theory"predicts"that"organisms"will"___________"______________"that"are"derived"from"
____________"_____________."Similar"characterisKcs"due"to"relatedness"are"known"as"________________."
%
"
Homologies"can"be"revealed"by:""
• Comparing"the"________________"of"different"living"things."
• Looking"at"______________"similariKes"and"differences.""
• Studying"___________________"development."
• Studying"______________"_____________"within"individual"organisms.""
Even"though"four"different"types"of"leaves"pictured"are"very"different,"why"are"they"considered"homologies"
(homologous"structures)?"_________________________________________________________________"
_______________________________________________________________________.""
"
Why"are"the"forelimbs"of"frogs,"birds,"rabbits"and"lizards"considered"homologous?"_____________________"
____________________________________________________________________________________.""
" Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(Homologies:"Anatomy)"
"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
4.%Homologies:%Anatomy"
Click"on"the"link"that"says"“vesKgial”"to"get"a"popXup"definiKon."
VesKgial"structure:"a"______________"that"an"organism"______________"from"its"_____________,"but"that"
is"now"_______"____________"and"______________"than"in"the"ancestor."Usually,"____________"structures"
are"formed"when"a"lineage"experiences"a"different"set"of"____________"___________"than"its"ancestors,"
and"selecKon"to"maintain"the"elaboraKon"and"funcKon"of"the"feature"_____"or"is"___________"__________.""
"
Why"are"“dewclaws”"considered"vesKgial"structures?"____________________________________________"
_______________________________________________________________________________________."
"Click"on"the"“next”"icon"
"
5.%Homologies:%Compara5ve%Anatomy%%
Organisms"that"are"closely"related"to"each"other"share"many"_______________.""
"
Dewclaw
How"are"whales"and"hummingbirds"related?"___________________________________________________"
____________________________________________________________________________________.""
"
"
6.%Homologies:%Developmental%Biology%
During"some"stages"of"development,"organisms"exhibit"_____________"features"in"__________"or"
_____________"form."
"
Name"two"reasons"why"we"can"tell"that"snakes"had"ancestors"with"hind"legs:"_________________________"
_____________________________________________________________.""
"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
Baleen"whales"(toothless"whales)"possess"__________"in"the"early"________"stage"and"lose"them"before"
birth;"this"provides"evidence"of"____________"_____________"with"toothed"whales"and"other"mammals.""
Copyright 2015 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”). All rights reserved.
7.%Homologies:%Cellular%and%Molecular%Evidence%
The"Cellular"Level"
Are"plant"and"animal"cells"more"alike"than"they"are"differentX"or"–"more"different"than"they"are"alike?"Explain"
your"reasoning:"__________________________________________________________________________"
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.""
"
The"Molecular"Level"
Do"humans"share"DNA"with"roundworms?"What"might"this"suggest?"______________________________"
_______________________________________________________________________.""
"
The"DNA"code"is"a"homology"that"___________________________________________________________."
"
"
8.%Chronology%
The"age"of"the"Earth"and"its"inhabitants"have"been"determined"through"two"lines"of"evidence:"
1.%___________%_________:%places"fossils"in"a"temporal"sequence"by"noKng"their"__________"in"_________"
of"__________,"known"as"_________.""
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
"
Using"the"diagram"at"right,"label"which"layer"would"be"the"oldest,"and"
"
which"layer"would"be"the"youngest.""
"
2."__________"daKng:"relies"on"the"_________"of"______________"elements"
"
Which"of"the"two"methods"gives"us"specific"ages"of"fossils"and"rocks?""
_____________________________"
"
"
9.%GeographyK%The"______________"of"living"things"on"the"globe"provides"informaKon"about"both"the"past"
histories"and"the"___________"of"the"Earth.""
%
Explain"the"distribuKon"of"Marsupials"from"their"place"of"origin"to"their"current"locaKons:"_______________"
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.""
"
"
10."Ar5ficial%Selec5onK%Though"all"domesKcated"dog"species"are"direct"descendants"of"wolves,"it"is"nearly"
impossible"to"tell"due"to"the"arKficial"selecKon"that"humans"have"performed"(that’s"why"German"Shepherds,"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
Bulldogs,"Chihuahuas,"etc."are"so"different.""What"does"arKficial"selecKon"tell"us"about"selecKon?"_________"
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.""
%
%
11.%EcologyK%Give"an"example"of"how"ecology"(specifically"the"environment"in"which"a"species"lives)"can"
change"a"species:"_________________________________________________________________________"
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________."%
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(Experiments)"
%
%
12.%Experiments%%
Guppies"in"Trinidad"
In"a"populaKon"of"guppies"found"in"Trinidad,"female"guppies"prefer"colorful"males,"however,"colorful"males"
were"also"easily"seen"by"____________.""
Some"parts"of"the"stream"where"the"guppies"lived"had"fewer"predators"than"others."The"parts"that"had"
fewer"predators"had"(circle"one)"["more"|"less"]"colorful"males."Males"in"locaKons"with"more"predators"were"
(circle"one)"["more"|"less"]"colorful.""
%
"
What"happened"when"Dr."John"Endler"transferred"predatory"fish"to"the"regions"with"more"colorful"male"
guppies?"______________________________________________________________________________"
"
This"demonstrates"that"persistent"___________"within"a"populaKon"provides"the"raw"material"for"rapid"
___________"when"______________"____________"________.""
"
"
"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
13."Nested%Hierarchies%
Nested"hierarchies"is"a"term"biologists"use"to"describe"how"groups"of"related"organisms"share"suites"of"
___________"____________"and"the"number"of"shared"traits"__________"with"______________.""
"
In"the"diagram"(cladogram),"which"is"most"closely"related"to"snakes?"_________________"
Birds?"____________________"
Chimpanzees?"______________"
"
Are"snakes"more"closely"related"to"birds,"or"whales?"______________"
Are"crocodiles"more"closely"related"to"lizards"or"camels?"_______________"
©"2015"Vanessa"Jason"(“Biology"Roots”)"
"
In"this"diagram,"what"determines"how"closely"related"an"organism"is?"_______________________________"
_______________________________________________________________________________________.""
"
"
Copyright 2015 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”). All rights reserved.
Teacher Key
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Web Quest
Go to: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/lines_01"
1. Go%to%Fossil%Evidence%
Fossil"evidence"clearly"shows"that"life%is%old%and%has%changed%over%5me.%
%
What"did"“tongue"stones”"actually"end"up"being?"Iguanodon%teeth.%
Iguanodon
"
The"discover"of"iguanodon"teeth"sent"a"powerful"message"that"many%fossils%represented%forms%of%life%that%
are%no%logner%with%us%today.%%
"
Each"new"fossil"contains"addiKonal"clues"that"increase%our%understanding%of%life’s%history%"and"help"us"to"
answer%ques5ons%about%their%evolu5onary%story.""
Examples"Include:""
• IndicaKon"of"interac5ons%
1. With"which"exKnct"organism"did"the"ammonite"fossil"have"an"interacKon"with?"And"how"do"we"
know"of"these"interacKons?"Ammonites%interacted%with%mosasaurs%because%we%can%see%
fossilized%ammonites%with%bite%marks%that%correlate%with%the%teeth%and%jaws%of%mosasaurs."
• Clues"at"the"cellular%level""
• What"can"we"tell"from"the"fossilized""bone"of"the"duck"bill"dinosaur"Maiasaura?"We%can%tell%that%
the%bones%were%fast%growing%and%had%a%seasonal%pause%in%their%growth%as%well.%%
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(TransiKonal"Forms)"
2.%Transi5onal%Forms"
Fossils%"or"organisms"that"show"the"intermediate"state"between"an"ancestral"form"and"that"of"its"
descendants"are"referred"to"as"transi5onal%forms.%%
"
How"do"we"know"that'Pakicetus'is"related"to"whales"and"dolphins?"They%share%a%number%of%
specializa5ons%in%the%ear.%%
"
What"was"the"transiKonal"form"between"Pakicetus"and"modern"day"whales?"Why"does"this"make"sense"as"
far"as"nostril"locaKon?"The%transi5onal%form%is%Ae#ocetus,%which%has%nostrils%at%the%middle%of%the%skull,%%
" ,%which%shows%that%the%nostrils%slowly%rose%to%the%top%of%the%head%from%
" Pakicetus%to%the%modern%day%Ggay%whale.""
"
Pakicetus
How"does"the"diagram"depicKng"the"evoluKon"of"the"eohippus"into"the""modern"day"horse"include"
transiKonal"forms?"It%shows%the%forms%from%the%4Ktoed%eohippus%to%the%single%toed%modern%day%horse;%
each%transi5onal%form%in%between%shows%the%slow%reduc5on%of%toes.%%
"
"
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(Homologies)"
"
3.%Homologies%
EvoluKonary"theory"predicts"that"organisms"will"share%similari5es%that"are"derived"from"common%%
ancestors."Similar"characterisKcs"due"to"relatedness"are"known"as"homologies.%%
%
"
Homologies"can"be"revealed"by:""
• Comparing"the%anatomies"of"different"living"things."
• Looking"at"cellular"similariKes"and"differences.""
• Studying"embryonic%development."
• Studying"ves5gial%structures"within"individual"organisms.""
Even"though"four"different"types"of"leaves"pictured"are"very"different,"why"are"they"considered"homologies"
(homologous"structures)?"Because%they%share%a%common%ancestor.%%
"
Why"are"the"forelimbs"of"frogs,"birds,"rabbits"and"lizards"considered"homologous?"Because%they%all%have%the%
same%set%of%bones%and%share%a%common%ancestor.%%
"
"
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(Homologies:"Anatomy)"
4.%Homologies:%Anatomy"
Click"on"the"link"that"says"“vesKgial”"to"get"a"popXup"definiKon."
VesKgial"structure:"a"feature"that"an"organism"inherited"from"its"ancestor,"but"that"is"now"less%%
elaborate"and"func5onal%than"in"the"ancestor."Usually,"ves5gial"structures"are"formed"when"a"lineage"
experiences"a"different"set"of"selec5ve%pressures%than"its"ancestors,"and"selecKon"to"maintain"the"
elaboraKon"and"funcKon"of"the"feature%ends%or"is"greatly%reduced.%%
"
Why"are"“dewclaws”"considered"vesKgial"structures?"Because%they%are%nonfunc5onal%and%greatly%reduced%
in%size.%."
"Click"on"the"“next”"icon"
"
5.%Homologies:%Compara5ve%Anatomy%%
Dewclaw
Organisms"that"are"closely"related"to"each"other"share"many"anatomical%similari5es.""
"
How"are"whales"and"hummingbirds"related?"They%have%similar%skeletons%evolved%from%a%tetrapod%ancestorK%
nearly%ever%bone%in%one%corresponds%to%an%equivalent%bones%in%the%other%
"
"
6.%Homologies:%Developmental%Biology%
During"some"stages"of"development,"organisms"exhibit"ancestral"features"in"whole%or"incomplete%"form."
"
Name"two"reasons"why"we"can"tell"that"snakes"had"ancestors"with"hind"legs:"Snakes%have%hind%limb%buds%
late%in%embryonic%development,%and%there%is%fossil%evidence%of%snakes%with%hind%limbs.%
"
Baleen"whales"(toothless"whales)"possess"teeth"in"the"early"fetal"stage"and"lose"them"before"birth;"this"
provides"evidence"of"common%ancestry%with"toothed"whales"and"other"mammals.""
7.%Homologies:%Cellular%and%Molecular%Evidence%
The"Cellular"Level"
Are"plant"and"animal"cells"more"alike"than"they"are"differentX"or"–"more"different"than"they"are"alike?"Explain"
your"reasoning:"Plant%and%animal%cells%are%more%alike%than%they%are%different.%They%share%all%the%same%
structures%except%for%three%(chloroplast,%centriole%and%cell%wall)%
"
The"Molecular"Level"
Do"humans"share"DNA"with"roundworms?"What"might"this"suggest?"Humans%and%roundworms%share%25%%
of%the%same%DNA.%This%suggests%that%they%could%share%common%ancestry%somewhere%down%the%line."
The"DNA"code"is"a"homology"that"links%all%life%on%earth%to%a%common%ancestor.%
%
"
"
8.%Chronology%
The"age"of"the"Earth"and"its"inhabitants"have"been"determined"through"two"lines"of"evidence:"
1.%RelaKve"DaKng:%places"fossils"in"a"temporal"sequence"by"noKng"their"posi5ons"in"layers%"of"rock%known"as"
strata.%
"
"
Using"the"diagram"at"right,"label"which"layer"would"be"the"oldest,"and"
which"layer"would"be"the"youngest.""
"
2."Numerical"daKng:"relies"on"the"decay"of"radioac5ve"elements"
youngest"
"
Which"of"the"two"methods"gives"us"specific"ages"of"fossils"and"rocks?""
Numerical%da5ng.%
"
oldest"
9.%GeographyK%The"distribu5on"of"living"things"on"the"globe"provides"informaKon"about"both"the"past"
histories"and"the"surface"of"the"Earth.""
"
%
Explain"the"distribuKon"of"Marsupials"from"their"place"of"origin"to"their"current"locaKons:"Marsupials%most%
likely%originated%on%a%large%land%mass%called%Gondwana%which%has%since%then%separated%to%become%South%
America,%Australia%and%Antarc5ca,%all%which%have%living%or%fossilized%marsupials%today.%
"
"
10."Ar5ficial%Selec5onK%Though"all"domesKcated"dog"species"are"direct"descendants"of"wolves,"it"is"nearly"
impossible"to"tell"due"to"the"arKficial"selecKon"that"humans"have"performed"(that’s"why"German"Shepherds,"
Bulldogs,"Chihuahuas,"etc."are"so"different.""What"does"arKficial"selecKon"tell"us"about"selecKon?"Ar5ficial%
selec5on%has%profound%effects%on%popula5ons%and%has%the%ability%to%modify%forms%and%behaviors%to%the%
point%that%they%look%and%act%very%unlike%their%ancestors%%
%
%
11.%EcologyK%Give"an"example"of"how"ecology"(specifically"the"environment"in"which"a"species"lives)"can"
change"a"species:"House%sparrows%arrived%to%No.%America%in%the%19th%century%and%have%since%inhabited%the%
en5re%con5nent.%Sparrows%that%live%further%north%are%larger%and%darker.%Larger%sizes%avoid%heat%loss%and%
darker%colors%absorb%more%sunlight.%%
%
Click"on"the"“next”"icon"(Experiments)"
%
12.%Experiments%%
Guppies"in"Trinidad"
In"a"populaKon"of"guppies"found"in"Trinidad,"female"guppies"prefer"colorful"males,"however,"colorful"males"
were"also"easily"seen"by"predators.""
Some"parts"of"the"stream"where"the"guppies"lived"had"fewer"predators"than"others."The"parts"that"had"
fewer"predators"had"(circle"one)"["more"|"less"]"colorful"males."Males"in"locaKons"with"more"predators"were"
(circle"one)"["more"|"less%]"colorful.""
%
"
What"happened"when"Dr."John"Endler"transferred"predatory"fish"to"the"regions"with"more"colorful"male"
guppies?"The%amount%of%colorful%males%declined,%and%most%of%the%males%were%now%a%dull%color.%%
"
This"demonstrates"that"persistent"varia5on"within"a"populaKon"provides"the"raw"material"for"rapid"
evolu5on%"when"environmental%condi5ons%change.%%
"
"
"
13."Nested%Hierarchies%
Nested"hierarchies"is"a"term"biologists"use"to"describe"how"groups"of"related"organisms"share"suites"of"
similar%characteris5cs%and"the"number"of"shared"traits"increases"with"relatedness.%%
"
In"the"diagram"(cladogram),"which"is"most"closely"related"to"snakes?"Lizards%
Birds?"Crocodiles%
Chimpanzees?"Humans%
"
Are"snakes"more"closely"related"to"birds,"or"whales?"Birds%
Are"crocodiles"more"closely"related"to"lizards"or"camels?"Lizards%
"
In"this"diagram,"what"determines"how"closely"related"an"organism"is?"How%many%traits%they%share.%%
"
"
Thank you!
Thank&you&so&much&for&supporting&Biology&Roots!&
&I&am&so&excited&that&you&will&be&using&one&of&my&products&in&your&
classroom&to&benefit&you&and&your&students.&Listed&below&are&some&
general&categories&of&products&that&I&offer&in&my&TpT&store:&&
Cells&
Cellular&Respiration&
DNA&and&Protein&Synthesis&
Ecology&
Genetics&
Evolution&
Interactive&Notebook&Supplements&
Photosynthesis&
Task&Cards&
Complete&Units&and&Money&Saving&Bundles&
Copyright*Notice*and*Terms*of*Use:**
©*2015*Vanessa*Jason*(“Biology*Roots”)*
"All&rights&reserved&by&author.&This&product&is&to&be&used&by&the&original&purchaser&only.&Duplication&
for&other&classes&or&by&other&teachers&or&for&use&in&schoolLwide&distribution&is&strictly&forbidden.&&&
Posting*Biology*Roots*products*on*the*internet*in*any*form*is*strictly*forbidden*and*violates*the*
DMCA.*Not*for*public*display,*including*ANY*websites.*Violations*are*subject*to*the*penalties*of*
the*Digital*Millennium*Copyright*Act.*
Minor&editing&is&allowed;&the&document&remains&under&copyright&even&when&edited.