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Name_____________________________ Date: 2/25/16 Period: 8 United States History and Government: Segregation Reading The United States went through a turbulent [crazy] period of change during the aftermath of the American Civil War. The southern states were occupied by the federal army like a conquered [taken over] territory and new laws were passed which affected millions of people. Social unrest [large numbers of angry people] spread throughout the country as southerners were forced to accept African Americans into their society. Racial tensions increased and the relationship between the freedmen [recently freed African Americans] and the planters [powerful landowning white men] became incredibly strained. 1. Why was the relationship between freedmen and planters so strained? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. How was the social situation during Reconstruction similar to race relations in the United States today? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ It was during this time that many southern politicians regained [got back] their old seats in the United States Congress. They were determined to keep the freedmen inferior to white men in the south at all costs. They hadn’t been able to stop the Radical Republicans from passing the Reconstruction Amendments in the mid-1860s but they blocked any further attempts at federal reform by tying up bills in the Senate. Republicans were not able to protect the freedmen as well as they had before thanks to southern interference. 3. Why weren’t the Radical Republicans as efficient [effective] at protecting freedmen once the Democrats regained their seats in Congress? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ At the local level, southerners (who were members of the Democratic Party) began passing small laws to infringe [violate] the rights of African Americans without breaking the 14th or 15th Amendments. Democrats began a campaign to separate white culture and society from the developing African American culture in the south. This process was called segregation and its effects can still be felt today. Democrats and other racist white southerners figured that if they couldn’t enslave African Americans anymore, then they wanted nothing to do with them. Segregation was the official process of legally forcing whites and blacks to live separate lives by creating separate places for them to live, work and relax. Each new building that was constructed during Reconstruction was designed to have two sets of waiting rooms, bathrooms and water fountains. One was set aside for white people, and one was set aside for African Americans. “Whites Only” or “No Coloreds” signs were hung up in businesses, parks, movie theaters, and government buildings to separate people by race in public. Signs like this popped up all over the southern states to split everything up based on race. Have you ever felt discriminated against based on your race, creed or sexual orientation? How did it make you feel? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define the term segregation and use it in a sentence. Definition: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Sentence: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Segregation lasted for almost 100 years thanks to the support of Democrats in the federal government. It was difficult for Republicans to stop segregation because there were thousands of small state and local laws that supported it and they didn’t have the manpower to sort through them all. Additionally, by this time most people in the northern states were tired of hearing about racial tension in the south. Many of them had decided that Reconstruction was over and it was time for African Americans to take care of themselves. Democrats defended segregation by claiming that freedmen were separate from whites but they had equal opportunities and facilities as them. 5. Identify 2 reasons why segregation was able to last so long despite being an unfair system A. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Reconstruction officially came to an end in 1877 when the federal army was withdrawn from the south and the military districts were officially disbanded. There was now no one to prevent segregation from spreading and growing stronger. Nothing would be done about segregation until the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement began. 6. When did Reconstruction come to an end? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Name_____________________________ Date: 2/25/16 Period: 8 United States History and Government: Segregation Homework Directions: Read the following excerpts from newspapers. One is from 1873 when segregation was spreading through the south and one is from 2014 on the relationship between young men of color and the police of NYC. Document 1 New Law to Separate Negros from Whites to be Voted on Today Montgomery, Alabama April 2nd 1870 The city legislature is meeting this afternoon to vote on a progressive new law that will create “separate but equal” accommodations for negro men, women and children on all public property. If the vote passes, the city council is predicting that “white and colored people will have their own spaces designed to prevent further racial tension and solve the issues created by the introduction of thousands of free negroes into our communities.” 1. Is this document a primary source or a secondary source? How do you know? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do you think most African Americans reacted to the news of segregation? Why? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Document 2 America's two systems of justice For more What in the World watch Sundays at 10 a.m. & 1 p.m. ET on CNN By Global Public Square staff Michael Brown – killed by a police gun in Ferguson, Missouri. Eric Garner – killed at the hands of the police in Staten Island, New York. Young black men were 21 times more likely than white men to be shot dead by cops, between 2010 and 2012, according to a ProPublica analysis. With regard to drugs, many studies – including by the Justice Department itself – show that blacks are about three times as likely to be arrested than whites. That's true even though government data shows that they do not use drugs three times the rate as whites. The conclusion is obvious. Many of the gains of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s have slipped away and an unspoken system of segregation has settled in the United States once again. 1. Is this document a primary or secondary source? How do you know? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Critical Thinking: Both articles cover similar topics although they were written over 140 years apart. What does that imply about race relations in the United States? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Name_____________________________ Date: 12-17-14 Period: 2 United States History and Government: Segregation Exit Ticket Define the term segregation in your own words _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Why did segregation develop in the southern states after the Civil War? (1) (2) (3) (4) The southern lawmakers couldn’t make laws that blatantly violated freedmen’s rights anymore African Americans and white both wanted separate societies Southern lawmakers created it to fulfill campaign promises from before the war None of the above Name_____________________________ Date: 12-17-14 Period: 2 United States History and Government: Segregation Exit Ticket Define the term segregation in your own words _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Why did segregation develop in the southern states after the Civil War? (1) (2) (3) (4) The southern lawmakers couldn’t make laws that blatantly violated freedmen’s rights anymore African Americans and white both wanted separate societies Southern lawmakers created it to fulfill campaign promises from before the war None of the above