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CIVIL RIGHTS
Chapter Overview: after decades of discrimination, African Americans
begin a struggle for equality. They make gain against unfair laws in the
south, but as the movement reaches northern cities, gains are fewer
HISTORY ALIVE! CHAPTER 44-47 AMERICANS CHPT. 21
EMILY DECKING, M1RANDA HEATH, COLIN BURN, AND BRADY LOTT
HOW DID THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
BEGIN?
Social changes began after World War II when it set the stage for overturning law
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People cases which weakened
segregation
-Brown vs. Board of Education
-Segregated schools were now unconstitutional (1954)
Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man
-African Americans in Alabama boycotted the bus system
Martin Luther King Jr.
-"I have a dream" speech
WHAT EVENTS LED CONGRESS TO PASS
THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND VOTING ACTS?
Civil rights workers were attacked and
people
Kennedy wanted a new law
for African-American equality everywhere;
government desegregated schools
A march on Washington with more than
25,000 people
urged Congress to
pass the Civil Rights Act (1964); “I Have a
Dream” Speech
Kennedy assassinated
Johnson
became president and got many bills
through Congress
Harsh police responses to a civil rights
march (1965)
President Johnson
encouraged the Voting Rights Act; got rid of
any state law that prevented AfricanAmericans from voting
HOW DID THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT CHANGE?
 De facto segregation in the North, not enforced by
law but by the attitudes of the people and by
discriminatory real estate practices such as
redlining
 New leaders such as Malcolm X supported armed
self-defense and many people began to use the
slogan "Black Power"
 The Black Panthers wore military clothing and used
harsh words, which alarmed more moderate African
Americans and whites
 Riots occurred from 1964 to 1968 in protest of the
lack of opportunities in cities and racism from
predominantly white police forces
WHY COULD THE RESULTS OF THE
MOVEMENT BE CALLED MIXED?
 Brought down de jure segregation; direct by law
- Civil Rights Act of 1957 federal gov. steps in to protect voting rights
- Civil Rights Act of 1964 integration of facilities + employment
- Voting Rights Act of 1965 removal of voter literacy tests
- Civil Rights Act of 1968 integration of housing
- Eliminated segregation in education, transportation, employment, and real estate
 Couldn’t defeat de facto segregation; racism
- Continue to fight off racism and discrimination
80% of stops by NYC police are African American vs. 8% white; 85% being inaccurate precautions
- Some struggle to obtain equal treatment at work and to complete their education
10.2% unemployed vs. 4.7% white
84.4% graduate w a high school diploma
- Lots remain in poverty 27.4% in poverty vs. 14.5% white