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US enters the war...three of The reasons... 1)Germany attacks on American Shipping-unarmed ships 2)Zimmerman Telegram proposing Alliance with Mexico (intercepted) 3) Wilson’s desire to be involved in the post- war settlement • The United States was entirely unprepared for war • Selective Service Act: organizes a draf t for soldiers to fight in the war- • American Expeditionary Force headed by General Pershing • Total War effort: all aspects of the country mobilizes for the war effort • War was financed by war bonds and income taxes from the 16 amendment th Federal Agencies created to help with war: • National War Labor Board: headed up by William H Taf t helped mediate labor disputes and prevent strikes – AFL supported the war effort / IWW opposes the war • War Industries Board: led by Bernard Baruch set production priorities for war • U.S. Food Administration: Headed by Herbert Hoover encouraged Americans to conserve food for war effort th • WWI boosted support for the 18 Amendment (prohibited sale, consumption, manufacture, or transport of alcohol) – 1) Conserve resources 2) Also due to Anti-German sentiment in the U.S. • Committee of Public Information headed by George Creel: promote the U.S. war effort with propaganda Creel sent 75,000 men to deliver speeches in favor of the war. Wanted them to “sell It” to the American people. -splashed posters all over -Distributed pamphlets about the war • Espionage Act (1917): prohibited interference with the draft or war effort. Eugene Debbs-made an “anti-war” speech in Ohio protesting the US involvement in the war. He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in jail. • William Haygood-member of 1WW…anti war activist also arrested for anti-war talk. Schenck VS United States Charles Schenck was arrested under the Espionage Act for mailing leaflets to men eligible for the draft The SupremeCourt supports the argument that freedom of speech could be restricted