Download 8-Topic5 study guide edited

Grade 8 Topic 5 Life Sciences: Genetics
STUDY GUIDE
Part 1: Multiple Choice
Directions: Please mark your answer by filling in the circle on your answer sheet. If unsure of the answer, make
your best guess.
1. What is defined as any natural change in DNA?
2. An 8th grade science student cut a branch off of a small tree. They then placed the cut end in a beaker
of water. They then added nutrients and kept the sampling in the water for two weeks. Eventually the
branch started to produce a new set of roots. This technique is a form of…
3. Describe one way that asexual and sexual reproduction are alike?
4. A sprouting onion bulb will over time grow green, healthy leaves when exposed to sunlight. When
sunlight is no longer available the once healthy leaves turn yellow and begin to wilt. What does this
tell us about the environment and genetic traits?
5. Give an example of a type of organism that can produce offspring that are genetically identical to the
parent?
6. With modern technologies scientists could clone pet dogs and cats. The cloned animals will resemble
the original pets because…
7. Describe asexual reproduction?
8. When an organism reproduces by budding, how does the new organism start growing?
9. Which type of reproduction involves two parents and results in offspring that are not genetically
identical to either parent?
10. What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
11. Currently, some farmers grow genetically engineered crops. Some people argue against the use of
these technologies because…
12. A colony of black bacteria is allowed to reproduce for 15 generations. The scientist in charge of this
experiment examines the colony at the end of the experiment and finds that all of the individuals are
almost identical in all features. The scientist’s findings suggest that the bacteria…
13. Cloning an individual usually produces an organism with…
14. Describes one way that asexual and sexual reproduction are different?
15. What are the types of DNA mutation?
16. A man is homozygous recessive for having freckles and he marries a woman that is heterozygous
dominant for freckles. Draw the Punnett Square and describe the chances their offspring have for
having freckles or not. *Remember, having freckles is DOMINANT.
17. There have been many technologies that have changed the way humans and animals inherit traits.
Choose one method we have learned about (cloning, designer babies, etc.) and describe the impact it
could/does have on society. Keep in mind, this impact could be positive or negative.
18. Mutations are often referred to as “raw materials” of evolution. Raw materials are the basic materials
that make up a product. State one reason mutations could be the basic materials of evolution and
explain your reasoning behind your explanation of how mutations are often referred to as the “raw
materials” of evolution.
(HINT: Genetic mutations can “add-up” and may cause dramatic changes in phenotype over many
generations.)