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Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date_________________ Invasive Species OBJECTIVES: SWBAT describe characteristics that are common among many invasive species SWBAT explain how invasive species affect biodiversity Checklist (Check off each item as we complete it) DO NOW Class Notes Activity #1 (guided practice) Activity #2 (independent Practice) Exit Ticket DO NOW: Use the information below to answer questions A through C. Overstaying Their Welcome: Cane Toads in Australia Everyone in Australia is in agreement that the cane toads have got to go. The problem is getting rid of them. Cane toads, properly known as Bufo marinus, are the most notorious of what is called invasive species in Australia and beyond. But unlike other species of the same classification, cane toads were intentionally introduced into Australia. The country simply got much more and much worse than it bargained for. Before 1935, Australia did not have any toad species of its own. What the country did have, however, was a major beetle problem. Two species of beetles in particular, French’s Cane Beetle and the Greyback Cane Beetle, were in the process of decimating [destroying] the northeastern state of Queensland’s sugar cane crops. The beetle’s larvae were eating the roots of the sugar cane and stunting, if not killing, the plants. The anticipated solution to this quickly escalating problem came in the form of the cane toad. After first hearing about the amphibians in 1933 at a conference in the Caribbean, growers successfully lobbied to have the cane toads imported to battle and hopefully destroy the beetles and save the crops… The plan backfired completely and absolutely. As it turns out, cane toads do not jump very high, only about two feet actually, so they did not eat the beetles that for the most part lived in the upper stalks of cane plants. Instead of going after the beetles, as the growers had planned, the cane toads began going after everything else in sight – insects, bird’s eggs, and even native frogs. And because the toads are poisonous, they began to kill would-be predators. The toll on native species has been immense… Source: Tina Butler, mongabay.com, April 17, 2005 A. State one reason why the cane toads were imported into Australia. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B. Identify one adaptation of cane toads that made them successful in their new environment. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ C. State one specific example of how the introduction of cane toads threatened biodiversity in Australia. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CLASS NOTES Stop and Jot Pythons in the Everglades!! Watch the video again: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjaM7wBWWoc When a species does not belong in an ecosystem and it begins to overpopulate for various reasons, it is often referred to as…. o An invasive species because it’s like an unwanted invader that has damaging effects. o A non-native species because it doesn’t normally live there. o An imported/introduced species because it was brought in from somewhere else. Brainstorm: why do you think invasive species overpopulate so easily? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ GUIDED PRACTICE-You may work with a partner! Base your answers to questions 1-3 on the reading passage below and on your knowledge of biology. 1. Describe one condition that might cause the gypsy population to increase rapidly. [1] _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. State one reason that a rapid increase in gypsy moth population may cause some species of herbivores to vanish or be reduced in number. [1]_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. State one way producers protect themselves from gypsy moths. [1] _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Rabbits in Australia!! Rabbits are herbivores that are not native to Australia. They were introduced by European settlers over 100 years ago and have become serious pests to farmers. Their population has increased so drastically that they have displaced many native species of herbivores. One likely reason the rabbit population was able to grow so large is that the rabbits (1) (2) (3) (4) Were able to prey on native herbivores Reproduced more slowly than the native animals Successfully competed with native herbivores for food Could interbreed with the native animals Explain/support your answer: In 1960, an invasive species of fish was introduced into the stable ecosystem of a river. Since then, the population of native fish species has declined. This situation is an example of an (1) Ecosystem that has recovered Explain/support your answer: (2) Ecosystem altered through the activities of an organism (3) Environmental impact caused by physical factors (4) Ecological niche without competition INDEPENDENT PRACTICE The importation of organisms such as the Japanese beetle and gypsy moth to areas where they have no natural enemies best illustrates (1) the use of abiotic factors to reduce pest species Explain/support your answer: (2) the selection of species to mate with each other to produce a new variety (3) attempts by humans to protect extinct species (4) a human activity that disrupts existing ecosystems Which animal has modified ecosystems more than another animal and has had the greatest negative impact on world ecosystems? (1) pythons Explain/support your answer: (2) zebra mussels (3) humans (4) sharks Use the information below to answer questions 1. Explain how the introduction of foreign species can often cause environmental problems. In your answer be sure to: Explain why a zebra mussel is considered an invasive species in the Great Lakes [1] State how the zebra mussels and gobies were introduced into the United States [1] State one way the zebra mussels and the gobies have become a problem in their new environment [2] Describe how both zebra mussels and gobies contribute to increasing the concentration of PCB’s in sport fish [2] _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Exit Ticket Identify one introduced organisms and write its name in the space below. Describe one way in which the organism has altered an ecosystem in the new location. Organism: ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________