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Name__________________________________ Period________ Date__________ Objective: SWBAT describe passive transport. Do Now Vocabulary Activity #1 DO NOW Quickly scan the cartoon. What do you notice first? VOCABULARY Passive transport Osmosis Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Reading (Annotate the text as you read.) Diffusion and Osmosis Despite their difference in size and shape, all cells are enclosed by a cell membrane that consists of a double layer of phospholipids interspersed with proteins. Its unique structure is described as selectively permeable because it permits some substances to cross it rapidly, while others are unable to cross it, or cross it slowly. Thus, the cell membrane regulates the substances entering and leaving the cell. There are three methods for passive transport of molecules through a cell membrane. Passive transport processes are ones that do not require cellular energy to proceed. A cell membrane that allows the passage of certain substances is said to be semi-permeable. For example, a semi-permeable cell membrane might not be permeable to certain large molecules, but might be permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, which means these molecules can pass freely across the membrane. The force that propels oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other molecules across the membrane of the cell is called diffusion. Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from an area that is more concentrated (crowded) to an area that is less concentrated. The movement of water molecules across a membrane is a special kind of diffusion called osmosis. Osmosis typically occurs to balance the amount of salt found in the cell of the outside environment. When a red blood cell is placed in a very salty solution, water molecules will begin to flow out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink. Facilitated 1 diffusion is the movement of molecules across the membrane with the aid of a transport protein from the cell membrane. Passive transport typically occurs until the number of molecules on either side of the membrane is equal. 1. What does it mean to be selectively or semi-permeable? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is passive transport? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are three types of passive transport that occur in the body? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is facilitated diffusion? What structure assists with this process? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the overall goal of diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion? Given the diagrams below (A-D) answer questions 6-10: = H2O A. B. C. D. 6. Which diagram(s) show that the cell will shrink? 7. Which diagram(s) show that the cell will swell? 8. Which diagram(s) show equilibrium in the cell? 9. All of the diagrams above are examples of a type of passive transport called? 10. A type of membrane that only allows certain materials to pass through is called? Answer questions 11-14 using the diagram below: = H2O 2 11. Is the highest concentration of molecules inside or outside of the cell? 12. Draw the above cell in equilibrium with oxygen molecules. 13. What type of passive transport is displayed in the above diagram? 14. Oxygen is needed to produce energy in eukaryotic cells. Which organelle would you think needs oxygen the most? Answer questions 15-17 using the information below: Salt water has 95% water and 5% salt. Fresh water has 98% water and 2% dissolved substances. 15. If you were lost at sea and you drank salty seawater, what would you expect to happen to the cells in your body? (shrink, swell, or stay same size) Why do you think that? 16. A large-mouth bass is taken from a fresh water lake and transplanted into the river. If the conditions for survival are optimal, would you expect the cells in the fish to shrink, swell, or stay the same? Why do you think that? 17. If a sea star egg is taken from the ocean and put into Elk Lake would you expect the egg to shrink, swell, or stay the same? Why do you think that? Cellular Transport Review OSMOSIS Label the pictures below ( isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic environments) _________________ __________________ _________________ __________tonic means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __________ tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __________tonic means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell as inside. 3 The pressure inside a plant cell caused by water pushing against the cell wall is called ___________________ pressure. The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells when water enters is called _________________________. This happens when a cell is placed in a _________tonic solution. Placing plant cells in a HYPOTONIC solution causes the osmotic pressure to _______________. increase decrease The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall is called __________________________. It happens when a plant cell is placed into __________tonic solution. When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure will ___________________. increase decrease The shrinking of ANIMAL cells that are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution is called ______________________. Cells stay the same size when placed in an ________tonic solution because the amount of water leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water entering. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the answer(s) that best completes the sentence. The substance that dissolves to make a solution is called the ___________________ A. diffuser B. solvent C. solute D. concentrate During diffusion molecules tend to move _____________________ A. up the concentration gradient B. down the concentration gradient C. from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration D. in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system, the system has reached __________________. A. maximum concentration B. homeostasis C. osmotic pressure D. equilibrium The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ________________. A. active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. phagocytosis Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ transport. A. active B. passive Glucose enters cells most rapidly by _________________ A. diffusion 4 * B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. phagocytosis Energy for active transport comes from a cell’s ___________________. A. Golgi complex B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. lysosomes ________________ transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across membranes. A. Passive B. Active A cell must expend energy to transport substances using ________________. A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. osmosis E. endocytosis White blood cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria using __________________. A. Facilitated diffusion B. pinocytosis C. phagocytosis D. osmosis The carrier proteins that help in facilitated diffusion are _______________ proteins. A. peripheral B. integral All of the A. B. C. D. E. following are kinds of passive transport EXCEPT ________________________ diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis phagocytosis ion channels Endocytosis that brings in small dissolved molecules (solutes) and fluids is called ___________________. A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis Golgi bodies use ____________________ to transport molecules out of cells. A. ion channels B. phagocytosis C. pinocytosis D. exocytosis The pressure exerted by water moving during osmosis is called __________________ pressure. A. tonic B. diffusion C. selectively permeable D. osmotic Placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will cause water to ______________________. A. move into the cell B. move out of the cell When molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient it means they are moving from ______________ A. an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration B. an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration 5 Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes using _____________________ A. endocytosis B. ion channels C. diffusion D. facilitated diffusion * * * * * * * Complete the transport terms. * * * * * * * * 1. Active transport requires _E_ __ __ __ __ __ to move molecules across membranes. 2. _A_ __ __ is the molecule that provides the energy for active transport. 3. Golgi bodies use _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to release molecules outside the cell. 4. _D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high concentration to low concentration across membranes. 5. The cell organelles that burns glucose and provides ATP for active transport are the _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, 6. Water moves across membranes by _O_ __ __ __ __ __ __. 7. A small membrane sac used to transport substances during exocytosis & endocytosis = _V_ __ __ __ __ __ __ 8. Kind of endocytosis that takes in small dissolved molecules (solutes) or fluids = _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 9. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ transport does NOT REQUIRE energy. 10. During _F_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ diffusion carrier proteins grab glucose molecules, change shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving door. 11. A _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ protein is an integral membrane protein that helps move molecules across a cell membrane. 12. A cell placed in an _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ solution neither swells or shrinks because the concentration of molecules outside the cell is the same as inside. 13. A solution in which there is a HIGHER concentration of molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside = _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 14. A CONCENTRATION _G_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ forms whenever there is a difference in concentration between one place and another. 15.Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and Na+-K+ pumps are all kinds of _A_ __ __ __ __ __ transport because they use energy to move substances across membranes. 16. A solution in which the concentration of molecules outside the cell is LOWER than inside = _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 17. A _S_ __ __ __ __ __-_P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _P_ __ __ __ uses ATP to move three Na+ ions out of a cell while it moves two K+ ions in. 18. Pinocytosis & phagocytosis are both kinds of _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 19. When molecules move from high to low along a concentration gradient we say they are moving “_D_ __ __ __” the gradient. 20. _O_ __ __ __ __ __ __ pressure is caused by water inside a plant cell pushing against the cell wall. 21. The shrinking of a plant cell membrane away from the cell wall when placed in a hypertonic solution is called _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 22. White blood cells use _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to engulf and destroy bacteria that the glycoproteins recognize as “not self”. 23. The swelling and bursting of animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution is called _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 24. Proteins (like carrier proteins) that stick INTO the cell membrane either part way or all the way through are called _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ proteins. ++ 25. Ca , H+, Na+, and K+ move across membranes by going through passageways called _I_ __ __ _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. LOOK AT THE DIAGRAMS. The black dots represent solute molecules dissolved in water In which beaker is the concentration of solute the greater? 6 a A or B A * * B * * * * * * * * * * * * * If the solute (dots) in this diagram is unable to pass through the dividing membrane, what will happen? A. the water level will rise on the right side of the tube B. the water level will rise on the left side of the tube C. the water level will stay equal on the two sides * * * * * COMPARE/CONTRAST the kinds of transport * * Active (ATP) or Passive (KINETIC ENERGY) * * * * What does it use to help: Membrane proteins? Vesicles? Needs no help (phospholipids)? DIFFUSION FACILITATED DIFFUSION OSMOSIS FACILITATED DIFFUSION (ION CHANNELS) SODIUM-POTASSIUM (NA+ -K+) PUMP (ANIMALS) ENDOCYTOSIS (PHAGOCYTOSIS) ENDOCYTOSIS (PINOCYTOSIS) EXOCYTOSIS 7 * * * * Example of substance(s) that use this kind of transport in cells RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS PROTON PUMP (PLANTS) Modified from: http://brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/other_units.htm 8