Download active transport WS

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Objective: SWBAT describe passive transport.
Do Now
Vocabulary
Activity #1
DO NOW
Quickly scan the cartoon. What do you notice first?
VOCABULARY
Passive
transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Reading (Annotate the text as you read.)
Diffusion and Osmosis
Despite their difference in size and shape, all cells are enclosed by a cell membrane that consists of a
double layer of phospholipids interspersed with proteins. Its unique structure is described as selectively
permeable because it permits some substances to cross it rapidly, while others are unable to cross it, or
cross it slowly. Thus, the cell membrane regulates the substances entering and leaving the cell. There
are three methods for passive transport of molecules through a cell membrane. Passive transport
processes are ones that do not require cellular energy to proceed. A cell membrane that allows the
passage of certain substances is said to be semi-permeable. For example, a semi-permeable cell
membrane might not be permeable to certain large molecules, but might be permeable to oxygen and
carbon dioxide, which means these molecules can pass freely across the membrane.
The force that propels oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other molecules across the membrane of the cell is
called diffusion. Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from an area that is more
concentrated (crowded) to an area that is less concentrated. The movement of water molecules across
a membrane is a special kind of diffusion called osmosis. Osmosis typically occurs to balance the
amount of salt found in the cell of the outside environment. When a red blood cell is placed in a very
salty solution, water molecules will begin to flow out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink. Facilitated
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diffusion is the movement of molecules across the membrane with the aid of a transport protein from
the cell membrane. Passive transport typically occurs until the number of molecules on either side of the
membrane is equal.
1.
What does it mean to be selectively or semi-permeable?
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2.
What is passive transport?
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3.
What are three types of passive transport that occur in the body?
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4.
What is facilitated diffusion? What structure assists with this process?
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5.
What is the overall goal of diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion?
Given the diagrams below (A-D) answer questions 6-10:
=
H2O
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
Which diagram(s) show that the cell will shrink?
7.
Which diagram(s) show that the cell will swell?
8.
Which diagram(s) show equilibrium in the cell?
9.
All of the diagrams above are examples of a type of passive transport called?
10.
A type of membrane that only allows certain materials to pass through is called?
Answer questions 11-14 using the diagram below:
= H2O
2
11.
Is the highest concentration of molecules inside or outside of the cell?
12.
Draw the above cell in equilibrium with oxygen molecules.
13.
What type of passive transport is displayed in the above diagram?
14.
Oxygen is needed to produce energy in eukaryotic cells. Which organelle would you think needs
oxygen the most?
Answer questions 15-17 using the information below:
Salt water has 95% water and 5% salt. Fresh water has 98% water and 2% dissolved substances.
15.
If you were lost at sea and you drank salty seawater, what would you expect to happen to the
cells in your body? (shrink, swell, or stay same size) Why do you think that?
16.
A large-mouth bass is taken from a fresh water lake and transplanted into the river. If the
conditions for survival are optimal, would you expect the cells in the fish to shrink, swell, or stay the
same? Why do you think that?
17.
If a sea star egg is taken from the ocean and put into Elk Lake would you expect the egg to
shrink, swell, or stay the same? Why do you think that?
Cellular Transport Review
OSMOSIS
Label the pictures below ( isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic environments)
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__________________
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__________tonic means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules
OUTSIDE the cell than inside.
__________ tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules
OUTSIDE the cell than inside.
__________tonic means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules
outside the cell as inside.
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The pressure inside a plant cell caused by water pushing against the cell wall is called
___________________ pressure.
The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells when water enters
is called _________________________.
This happens when a cell is placed in a _________tonic solution.
Placing plant cells in a HYPOTONIC solution causes
the osmotic pressure to _______________.
increase
decrease
The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane
pulls away from the cell wall is called __________________________.
It happens when a plant cell is placed into __________tonic solution.
When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure will ___________________.
increase
decrease
The shrinking of ANIMAL cells that are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution is called
______________________.
Cells stay the same size when placed in an ________tonic solution because the amount of water
leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water entering.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the answer(s) that best completes the sentence.
The substance that dissolves to make a solution is called the ___________________
A. diffuser
B. solvent
C. solute
D. concentrate
During diffusion molecules tend to move _____________________
A. up the concentration gradient
B. down the concentration gradient
C. from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
D. in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration
When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system, the system has reached
__________________.
A. maximum concentration
B. homeostasis
C. osmotic pressure
D. equilibrium
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ________________.
A. active transport
B. facilitated diffusion
C. osmosis
D. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ transport.
A. active
B. passive
Glucose enters cells most rapidly by _________________
A. diffusion
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B. facilitated diffusion
C. ion channels
D. phagocytosis
Energy for active transport comes from a cell’s ___________________.
A. Golgi complex
B. nucleus
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes
________________ transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across membranes.
A. Passive
B. Active
A cell must expend energy to transport substances using ________________.
A. diffusion
B. facilitated diffusion
C. ion channels
D. osmosis
E. endocytosis
White blood cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria using __________________.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. pinocytosis
C. phagocytosis
D. osmosis
The carrier proteins that help in facilitated diffusion are _______________ proteins.
A. peripheral
B. integral
All of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
following are kinds of passive transport EXCEPT ________________________
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
phagocytosis
ion channels
Endocytosis that brings in small dissolved molecules (solutes) and fluids is called ___________________.
A. pinocytosis
B. phagocytosis
C. facilitated diffusion
D. osmosis
Golgi bodies use ____________________ to transport molecules out of cells.
A. ion channels
B. phagocytosis
C. pinocytosis
D. exocytosis
The pressure exerted by water moving during osmosis is called __________________ pressure.
A. tonic
B. diffusion
C. selectively permeable
D. osmotic
Placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will cause water to ______________________.
A. move into the cell
B. move out of the cell
When molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient it means they are moving from ______________
A. an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration
B. an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes using _____________________
A. endocytosis
B. ion channels
C. diffusion
D. facilitated diffusion
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Complete the transport terms.
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1. Active transport requires _E_ __ __ __ __ __ to move molecules across membranes.
2. _A_ __ __ is the molecule that provides the energy for active transport.
3. Golgi bodies use _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to release molecules outside the
cell.
4. _D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high concentration to
low concentration across membranes.
5. The cell organelles that burns glucose and provides ATP for active transport are the
_M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __,
6. Water moves across membranes by _O_ __ __ __ __ __ __.
7. A small membrane sac used to transport substances during exocytosis & endocytosis
= _V_ __ __ __ __ __ __
8. Kind of endocytosis that takes in small dissolved molecules (solutes) or fluids
= _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
9. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ transport does NOT REQUIRE energy.
10. During _F_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ diffusion carrier proteins grab glucose molecules, change
shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving door.
11. A _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ protein is an integral membrane protein that helps move molecules across a
cell membrane.
12. A cell placed in an _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ solution neither swells or shrinks because the
concentration of molecules outside the cell is the same as inside.
13. A solution in which there is a HIGHER concentration of molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside
= _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
14. A CONCENTRATION _G_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ forms whenever there is a difference in
concentration between one place and another.
15.Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and Na+-K+ pumps are all kinds of _A_ __ __ __ __ __ transport because
they use energy to move substances across membranes.
16. A solution in which the concentration of molecules outside the cell is LOWER than inside
= _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
17. A _S_ __ __ __ __ __-_P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _P_ __ __ __ uses ATP to move three
Na+ ions out of a cell while it moves two K+ ions in.
18. Pinocytosis & phagocytosis are both kinds of _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
19. When molecules move from high to low along a concentration gradient we say they are moving
“_D_ __ __ __” the gradient.
20. _O_ __ __ __ __ __ __ pressure is caused by water inside a plant cell pushing against the cell wall.
21. The shrinking of a plant cell membrane away from the cell wall when placed in a hypertonic solution is
called _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
22. White blood cells use _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to engulf and destroy bacteria that
the glycoproteins recognize as “not self”.
23. The swelling and bursting of animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution is called
_C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
24. Proteins (like carrier proteins) that stick INTO the cell membrane either part way or all the way
through are called _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ proteins.
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25. Ca , H+, Na+, and K+ move across membranes by going through passageways called
_I_ __ __ _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
LOOK AT THE DIAGRAMS. The black dots represent solute molecules dissolved in water
In which beaker is the concentration of
solute the greater?
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a
A
or
B
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B
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If the solute (dots) in this diagram is unable to pass through the
dividing membrane, what will happen?
A. the water level will rise on the right side of the tube
B. the water level will rise on the left side of the tube
C. the water level will stay equal on the two sides
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COMPARE/CONTRAST
the kinds of transport
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Active (ATP)
or
Passive
(KINETIC
ENERGY)
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What does it use to
help:
Membrane proteins?
Vesicles?
Needs no help
(phospholipids)?
DIFFUSION
FACILITATED
DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
FACILITATED
DIFFUSION
(ION CHANNELS)
SODIUM-POTASSIUM
(NA+ -K+) PUMP
(ANIMALS)
ENDOCYTOSIS
(PHAGOCYTOSIS)
ENDOCYTOSIS
(PINOCYTOSIS)
EXOCYTOSIS
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Example of
substance(s) that
use this kind of
transport in cells
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSIS
PROTON PUMP
(PLANTS)
Modified from: http://brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/other_units.htm
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