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Name ________________________________Date ________________ Section _______ Earth Science The Earth’s Layered Structure (a worksheet and ESRT activity combination) The Earth is made of many different and LABEL ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: distinct layers. The deeper layers are - Name - Elements composed of heavier materials; they are hotter, denser and under much greater - Distance - Solid, Rigid, Plastic, or Liquid pressure than the outer layers. Core: The Earth has a iron-nickel core that is about 3480 km in radius. The INNER CORE may have a temperature up to about 6800°C which is hotter than the surface of the Sun. The inner core, which has a radius of about 1,228 km, is solid. The OUTER CORE is in a liquid state and is about 2,260 km thick. - Temperature COLOR: (the diagram on this worksheet. as well as your ESRT!) Core – yellow- orange Inner Core – yellow Outer Core – orange Mantle – red - orange Lower Mantle – red-orange Upper Mantle – red Mantle: Convection (heat) currents carry heat from the hot LOWER MANTLE to Crust – brown Oceanic Crust – dark brown the cooler UPPER MANTLE. The mantle is about 2,750 km thick. The mantle gets Continental Crust – light brown warmer with depth; the top of the Mantle part of Lithosphere – grey mantle is about 1000° C; towards the bottom of the mantle, the temperature is about 5000° C. The mantle contains most of the mass of the Earth. The upper mantle is about 660 km deep, whereas the lower mantle is about 2230 km deep. Under the crust is the Upper Mantle (1), which is composed of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and calcium. The upper mantle is rigid. The LITHOSPHERE (2) is the upper mantle and crust combined, a rigid layer about 100-200 km thick. The lower mantle flows slowly, at a rate of a few centimeters per year. The ASTHENOSPHERE (3) is a part of the upper mantle that exhibits plastic properties. It is located below the lithosphere (the crust and upper mantle), between about 100 and 250 km deep. Crust: The Earth's surface is composed mostly of basalt and granite. Oceans cover about 70% of Earth's surface. These oceans are up to 3.7 km deep. The Earth's thin, rocky crust is composed of silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium and potassium. The crust is divided into continental plates which drift slowly (only a few centimeters each year) atop the less rigid mantle. The rigid crust is thinner under the oceans, called OCEANIC CRUST, this is where new crust is formed and is 6-11 km thick. Oceanic crust is mainly made of a rock called basalt. CONTINENTAL CRUST is about 25-70 km thick mainly made of a rock called granite. The MOHO (mohorovicic discontinuity) is the separation (line) between the crust and the upper mantle. Name ________________________________Date ________________ Section _______ Earth Science The Earth’s Layered Structure (a worksheet and ESRT activity combination) 2 1 3 Name ________________________________Date ________________ Section _______ Earth Science The Earth’s Layered Structure (a worksheet and ESRT activity combination) Answer the following questions based on you observations. 1. As the depth increases the temperature _____________________. 2. As the depth increases the pressure ________________________. 3. What is the depth, temperature, and pressure at the area between the stiffer mantel and the outer core a. Depth______________________________ b. Temperature _________________________ c. Pressure ____________________________ 4. Draw the Mid-Atlantic ridge and convection currents below it. Label the layers this takes place in 5. What is the density and make up of the inner core? _______________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. What part of the Earth contains both the crust and rigid mantel? __________________________ Base your answers to questions 7 through 10 on the diagram below, which represents zones of Earth’s interior, identified by letters A through E. The scale shows depths below Earth’s surface, measured in kilometers. Name ________________________________Date ________________ Section _______ Earth Science The Earth’s Layered Structure (a worksheet and ESRT activity combination) 7. The Moho is a boundary located in zone (1) A (2) E (3) B (4) D 8. What is the approximate thickness of zone C? (1) 650 km (2) 2250 km 3) 1600 km (4) 2900 km 9. Which zone is characterized by partially melted rock and large-scale convection currents? (1) zone A (2) zone C (3) zone B (4) zone E 10. Which zone of Earth’s interior has a density closest to the densities of the other terrestrial planets? (1) zone A (2) zone C (3) zone E (4) zone D