Download 3 Native American Relations PowerPoint Colonial America

o Most conflicts between colonists and Native Americans were over land
ownership
o Native Americans  can’t own land
o Colonists  can own and sell land
o Colonists viewed Native Americans as needed to be saved from their
sinful ways  Native Americans were not Christians
o Native Americans were forced to follow Puritan laws  no hunting or
fishing on the Sabbath day (Sunday)
o European diseases spread quickly because Native Americans did not
have immunity  Native American population decreased
o Chief Powhatan and colonists had a mostly
peaceful relationship
o Colonists would not have survived without
Native American help
o Colonists raided Native American food supplies
o Fighting continued for years
o Colonists demanded crops from Native Americans; if Native Americans
refused, the villages were burned and hostages taken
o 1622  Powhatan Chief Openchancanough led raids on settlements
o Fighting continued until 1645 when Chief Openchancanough was killed
and the English forced the Native Americans to cede their tribal lands
o Cash crops meant more land and
labor
o Native Americans were enslaved to
work in the fields
o Native Americans were dying of
diseases  Africans brought to
North America and enslaved
o Colonists would not have survived without Native
American help
o Puritans were outnumbered  peaceful
relationship at first
o More colonists  more conflicts over land
o New England colonists also enslaved Native
Americans
Colonists
surrounding a
Pequot fort c.1638
o 1637  Pequot tribe fought back against the colonists
o Narrangansett tribe allied with colonists because they were enemies of
the Pequot
o Massacre at Fort Mystic  almost all 500 Pequot were killed, including
women and children
o Survivors were enslaved
o 1675  Wampanoag Chief Metacom allied with other
tribes to fight the colonists
o Wanted to push them off tribal lands and end
enslavement of Native Americans.
o Many colonists and Native Americans were killed in
the yearlong war
o Native Americans had to give up because disease,
constant fighting, and a shortage of food made them
weak
Rallying the men
after a Native
American raid
c.1883
o English had control of southeastern New England colonies
o Almost 40% of Native Americans were enslaved or forced to be
indentured servants
o Colonists would not have survived without Native
American help
o Rarely fought with Native Americans
o William Penn wanted the Quakers to have a place to
live without persecution
o Quakers were pacifists  did not
believe in armed conflicts
o Penn wrote a letter to LenniLenapi tribe leaders asking for
friendship
o Penn respected the Native
Americans and treated them fairly
o 1534  France was building colonial empire
o 1608  Quebec is first permanent French settlement in North America
o French moved into other lands, including the Mississippi Valley
o 1682  Louisiana was founded (named for French King Louis XIV)
o 1754  70,000 French colonists vs.
one million British colonists
o Both Great Britain and France wanted
to control the Ohio River Valley
Map of New France c.1613
o French built Fort Duquesne at northern end of Ohio River in western
Pennsylvania
o 200,000 acres in the region had been given to wealthy planters by
Great Britain
o British militia, led by George Washington, built Fort Necessity 40 miles
from Fort Duquesne
o In July, Washington and his militia had to retreat
o British formally
declared war on
France in 1756 
Seven Years’ War
o Great Britain and
France were fighting
for control of North
America
o France and Native American allies won many battles in 1755 and 1756
o 1757  William Pitt put in charge of British army
o Haudenosaunee tribe (also called Iroquois) allied with British  war
turned in Great Britain’s favor
o 1763  British victory
o France all land in North American excepts for a few islands near
Newfoundland and in the West Indies
o Spain received French lands west of the Mississippi River
o Great Britain controlled all land east of the Mississippi River
o Native Americans lost their lands, even the tribes who helped Great
Britain
o Spring 1763  Chief Pontiac of the Odawa (also known as
the Ottawa) led attacks on the British
o Captured 8 British forts in the Ohio River Valley
o During peace negotiations, British officers gave two
blankets infected with smallpox to Lenni-Lenapi leaders
o Disease spread quickly and Native Americans gave up
Death of
Chief Pontiac
c.1897
o Forbad settlement of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains
o British wanted to avoid future conflicts with Native Americans
o Was not enforced and colonists encroached into these lands
o Relationship with Native Americans worsened, and eventually Native
Americans were forced to move westward
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