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Regions
are groups of
places with
similar
characteristics
Physical
Systems
Focuses on the
study of Earth's
physical
cultural
geography
(human
systems)
study of human
activities and their
relationship to the
cultural and physical
environments
movement
movement of
people, goods,
and ideas
human-environment
interaction
the study of the
relationship
between people
and their physical
environment
solar
system
Earth, eight other
planets, and
thousands of smaller
bodies that all revolve
around the sun
How long does
it take Earth to
complete a
spin?
24
Hours
How long does it
take Earth to
complete an orbit
around the sun?
365 1/4
days
What are the
four layers of
the Earth?
inner core,
outer core,
mantle, and
crust
Plate
tectonics
plates that float
on top of liquid
rock under the
Earth's crust
Faults
cracks in
the Earth's
crust
Weathering
the process of
breaking rock into
boulders, gravel,
sand, and soil
Erosions
the process of
wearing away or
moving weathered
material
Glaciers
ice, mainly
giant,
slow-moving
sheets
Elevation
height
above sea
level
Mountains
huge
towers of
rocks
Hill
form at the
foot
mountains
Plains
low lying
stretches of
flat rolling land
Plateaus
are flat, but
have a higher
elevation
Valleys
between
mountains
and hills
valleys in
Trenches the ocean
Climate
usual, certain
pattern of weather
in an area over a
long period of time
How much of
Earth is made
of water?
70%
Is the Earth
made of mostly
salt water or
freshwater?
Salt
water
Strait
a narrow body
of water
between two
pieces of land
Channel
a wider
passage
between two
pieces of land
Freshwater
sources
rivers, lakes,
ponds, and
streams
Salt
water
seas, gulfs,
oceans,
bays
Evaporation
the sun's heat
turn liquid water
into water
vapor
Condensation
when the water
vapor turns
back into a
liquid
Precipitation
water falling
back to Earth
from the clouds
Collection
when
precipitation
goes back to
the ground
How much of
the Earth's
water is
freshwater?
2%
How much of
the Earth's
water is salt
water?
98%
Weather
uncertain changes
in air that take
place over a short
period of time
Currents
moving
streams of
water
Greenhouse
Effect
gases in Earth's
atmosphere trap
the Sun's heat
Tropical
climate
warm weather:
tropical
rainforest and
tropical savanna
Savanna
broad
grassland
with few trees
Mid-latitude
moderate climates:
marine west coast,
Mediterranean,
humid continental,
humid subtropical
High
Latitude
Climate
generally cold
climates:
subarctic, tundra,
and ice cap
Dry
Climate
receive little or
no rainfall:
desert and
steppe
Highland
Climate
Mountains have
cool or cold
temperatures
year round
Atmosphere
the blanket of
gases
surrounding the
Earth
Lithosphere
Earth's
hard outer
shell
Hydrosphere
All the water in
the oceans,
lakes, rivers,
and glaciers
Biosphere
all living
things
Culture
the way of life of
people who share
similar beliefs
and customs
Eight Traits
of Culture
social groups,
language, religion,
daily life, history,
arts, government,
and economy
Agricultural
Revolution
people learned
to grow food by
planting seeds
Industrial
Revolution
use machines
and factories to
make goods
Information
Revolution
computers and other
technology allows
people to instantly
send information all
over the world
Cultural
regions
different countries
that have traits in
common like
history and
language
population
number of people
living in the world,
a country, a state,
or a city
urban
movement
to cities
emigrate
leaving the country
where they were
born and move to
another
natural
resources
products of the
Earth that
people use to
meet their needs
Renewable
resources
they can be
replaced
naturally or
grown again
Nonrenewable
they
cannot be
replaced
Four types
of economic
systems
traditional,
command,
market, and
mixed
Traditional
Economy
decisions are
based on customs
handed down from
generation to
generation
Command
Economy
the government
makes all
economic
decisions
Market
Economy
individuals
make their
own decisions
Mixed
Economy
mixture of
all three
economies
Trade
buying and
selling
goods
Export
trading to other
countries (exit)
Import
buying from
another
country (in)
tariff
a tax added to
the price of
goods that are
imported
quotas
number limit on how
many items of a
particular produce can
be imported from a
particular country
Free
trade
removing trade
barriers so that
goods flow freely
among countries
developed
countries
countries that
have a great
deal of
manufacturing
developing
countries
few or no
manufacturing
center
globalization
a more
connected
world; a world
culture
transportation
technology
steamboats,
trains, and
planes
communication
technology
telephone,
cell phone,
and internet
interdependence
when countries depend
on one another for
goods, raw materials to
make goods, and
markets in which to sell
good