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Name:___________________________________________________________________ Period:________________________ Date: __________________ Chemistry: States of Matter Matter : Property Shape Volume (amount) Arrangement of particles Interaction of particles Drawing Solid Liquid Gas Changing states Substances can exist in all three states (e.g. water can be ice(solid), liquid or gas (water vapor). The state of a substance depends on the temperature. Changes of state are brought about by changes in temperature Particle theory All solids, liquids and gases are made of very small particles. Particles are always moving. Particles are held together by forces (bonds) State Forces between particles How freely can particles move? How far apart are the particles? Model diagram Solid Liquid Gas Using particle theory to explain: Expansion (getting bigger on heating): Particles gain thermal energy when heated. This makes the particles move more – making the particlesmove further apart from each other – the substance expands. Compressing (squashing): Solids and liquids do not compress because there is no space between the particles. You can compress (squash) a gasbecause there is lots of space between the particles, so they can be pushed together. Density (how heavy something is for its size): Very dense materials (likemetals) have lots of particles paced together into a small space (volume). Density: the density of a substance tells us how much of a substance is packed into a certain volume. To calculate density of an object you need to know: mass (g) and the volume (cm3) Density = Mass volume Units for density are g/cm3