Download 3. Complete the cloze passage below.

Section 2.1: Old Kingdom Rulers
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Answer the questions below.
1. When did the Old Kingdom begin and end?
2. What are pharaohs?
3. What did the word originally mean?
4. What were the jobs of officials that were appointed by the pharaohs?
5. Why did Egyptians willingly serve the pharaoh?
6. The Ancient Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was a
_______________ on Earth.
7. What rituals did the pharaoh carry out?
Section 2.2: Egypt’s Religion
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Answer the following questions.
1. Egyptians worshipped many deities. What does the word deities mean?
 Gods and goddesses
2. Who was the main Egyptian god? What did he rule and why was he
important to the ancient Egyptians?
 The sun god Re (Ra)
 He was important because he could ensure sunlight for a good
harvest.
3. What god ruled the Nile river?
 Hapi
4. Describe the goddess Isis. Who was her husband and what did he rule?
 She represents the loyal mother or wife. She ruled the underworld
along with her husband Osiris.
5. Describe the Ancient Egyptian belief of life after death.
 They believed in an afterlife and that life is better than life on Earth.
6. What is the Book of the Dead?
 A collection of spells and prayers that Egyptians
7. Who did the Egyptians believe would be the only people to enjoy the
afterlife?
8. What did the Egyptian’s believe would happen if the pharaoh’s body
decayed?
9. How did the Ancient Egyptians’ preserve the pharaoh’s bodies?
10. What is the process of protecting and preserving a dead body called?
11. What is the complete, wrapped body of the dead called?
FYI: Ancient Egyptians called the spirit or soul of the dead KA.
Section 2.3: Pyramids
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1. Describe the pyramids of Ancient Egypt. Also describe how the pyramids
were used.
2. Each pyramid sat on a square __________________ with the entrance
facing ____________________.
3. How did the Egyptians determine true north?
4. Describe the Ancient Egyptian calendar. In other words, how many days,
months, and seasons are included.
5. How did the Ancient Egyptians determine the amount of stone needed for
a pyramid?
6. Where is the largest pyramid in Egypt located?
7. Who was the pyramid built for?
8. Describe the size of the pyramid in detail.
Section 3.1: The Middle Kingdom (page 60)
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1. What happened in 2300 B.C.?
2. What is the Middle Kingdom? (see the “Main Idea”)
3. How long did the Middle Kingdom last?
4. The Egyptians moved their capital from Memphis to
_________________.
5. How did conquering new lands benefit the Middle Kingdom?
6. How did the arts blossom during the Middle Kingdom? In other words, in
what ways did the arts thrive and expand during this period?
7. Who were the Hyksos?
8. How long did the Hyksos rule Egypt?
9. Who is Ahmose? What is he most known for?
Section 3.2: The New Kingdom
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1. Whose reign began the New Kingdom (in other words, who ruled at the
beginning of the New Kingdom)?
2. When did the New Kingdom begin and end?
3. Complete the cloze passage below.
During the New Kingdom, Egypt reached the ______________ of its
_________________.
4. Who became ruler of Egypt in 1473 BC? What makes this ruler different
from other pharaohs?
5. What was one of Hatshepsut’s greatest projects?
6. Who became ruler after Hatshepsut?
7. Describe Thutmose’s reign (rule). What events occurred while he was
pharaoh of Egypt?
8. Complete the cloze passage below.
Thutmose’s empire grew rich from __________________ and
________________............Egypt __________________ many prisoners of
________________.
9. How were slaves used during Thutmose’s rule?
10. Did slave have rights? If so, what rights did they have?
Section 3.3: The Legacies of Two Pharaohs11/6/2013 6:41:00 PM
1. Amenhotep became pharaoh around 1370 BC. What religious changes
did he make within his kingdom?

He made all of Egypt worship only one god named Aton. He also
dismissed all of the priests and took their land.
2. Amenhotep renamed himself. What did he change his name to?
 Akhenaton
3. What difficulties did Akhenaton have as a ruler?



He neglected his duties as a ruler because he was so focused on his
religion.
Most Egyptians refused to worship Akhenaton’s god (Aton).
He did not protect the country from invaders.
4. What boy king inherited the throne after Akhenaton?
 King Tutankhamen
5. Why did this young ruler become so famous (even though he only played
a small role in Egypt’s history)?
 His tomb was completely intact (meaning everything was still in
place). Most other tombs had been robbed.
Section 3.4: The End of the New Kingdom11/6/2013 6:41:00 PM
1. What ruler reigned form 1279 BC – 1213 BC?
 Ramses II
2. Describe some of his achievements.



Worked towards establishing power in Asia
Defeated forces in southern Syria and fought off the Hittites.
He had a major building program where he constructed gardens,
orchards, and temples---including the famous Temple of Karnak.
3. After this pharaoh died, describe what caused the decline and fall of the
New Kingdom.
 Ramses II died and later pharaohs could not keep their conquered
territories under control. They also did not have superior
weaponry. They could not compete with the iron weapons of some
of their enemies.
Section 4.1 - The Civilization of Kush: Nubia11/6/2013 6:41:00 PM
1. Further south, in present day S______________, a strong civilization
arose in a region called N______________, which later became known as
K_____________.
2. Ancient Nubians were skilled h________________ and were skilled at
using the b__________ and a_______________.
3. Powerful Nubian villages took over weaker ones and formed the kingdom
of K_______________.
4. Why did the Egyptians admire the Nubians?
5. How did Nubia become wealthy?
6. Who did the Nubians trade with often?
7. Why did Egypt invade Nubia?
The Nubians were advanced warriors and the kingdom of Kerma was quite
wealthy, so Egypt’s pharaoh Thutmose III was afraid that Nubia might one
day attempt to conquer Egypt.
8. How long did Egypt rule Nubia?
9. By 850 BC, Egypt had declined and the Nubians formed the independent
kingdom of K______________.
10. Where did the Kushite kings rule? N_________________
11. About 750 BC, A Kushite King by the name of K____________ headed
north with a powerful army.
12. By 728 BC, Kashta’s son, P____________, founded a dynasty that ruled
both Egypt and Kush from Napata.
13. What group of people drove the Kushites out of Egypt?
A_______________
14. What type of weapons were used to conquer the Kushites?
15. Eventually the Kushites left the city of Napata and set up a royal court
in the city of M_________________ where they became wealthy making
i___________.
16. Meroë became the center of a huge t___________ network that
stretched north to E____________ border and south into central
A________________.
17. Kush remained a great trading power for about __________ years.
18. What happened in A.D. 350?
19. Who was one of the most powerful leaders in Nubian history?
T_________________.
Section 4.2: The Rise of Kush
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