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AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on the world? Or alternatively: is it possible to die because of looking at too many maps? What are Belief Systems? • What is a Belief System, a Religion, and an Organized religion? Belief System Religion Belief System The Venn diagram is part of the clue. Religion Organized Religion Belief System (Some of Planet Earth’s) • • • • • • • • Animism Judaism Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Taoism Confucianism Belief Systems • • • • • • • Zoroastrianism Jainism Sikhism Shinto Deism Atheism Agnosticism Who believes in them? • • • • • • What percentage of the world is Christian? What percentage of the world is Muslim? What percentage of the world is Jewish? What percentage of the world is Hindu? What percentage of the world is Buddhist? What percentage of the world is Atheist? Basic question regarding belief systems that should have been covered in AP World History Questions Hearth? • Where do most Muslims live? • What is the most populous Islamic country? • Where is the Islamic hearth located? • What is the most populous Christian country? • What continents are the most Christian, in terms of total percentage of the population? • What continent is the least Christian? Questions • Where is the Christian hearth located? • Where is the Catholic hearth located? • What is the difference between a Catholic and a Christian? • Where is the Jewish hearth located? • How about Hinduism? What is • Sikhism? a(n) • Taoism? hearth? • Where is the Buddhist hearth? Questions • What religions are most popular amongst Sub-Saharan Africans? • Where is the animist hearth located? • BTW… • Christianity : Judaism as Buddhism : ? • Constantine : Christianity as ? : Buddhism AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on the world? Or alternatively: is it possible to die because of looking at too many maps? Animism • Not necessarily anything to do with animals; rather refers to a life force, spirit within various objects e.g.: the land, a tree etc.; think animation – animism. • Not an organized religion but rather the human attempt to make sense of the universe… possibly a primordial connection with the “spirit world.” • Location: Most animists live in SubSaharan Africa but also in very rural South America and Asia. Used to be wide spread throughout the world. • Tenets: Varies but in Southern Africa: • Single God / supreme being. • Belief in “Spirit World”: spirits coexist with the living and can be contacted. Some spirits evil, some good, some powerful etc. • Ancestral veneration: deep respect for one’s ancestors; may pray to them for help etc. • Thus use of a shaman / witchdoctor etc. What is the one part of the world were a large population of animists reside? Judaism Location Middle East, Israel, USA, former USSR Jerusalem Impact Tenets Christianity Middle East, Europe, N America, S America, rest of world Islam Middle East, Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Iran, Turkey, Egypt Jerusalem Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem Judaism Christianity Islam Dietary & Clothing laws based on religious interpretation E.g.: Kosher Christian Calendar (s) Laws based on Christian interpretation Dietary & Clothing laws based on religious interpretation E.g.: Halal Location Impact Art & architecture etc. Tenets Judaism Christianity Islam Location Impact Tenets Monotheism Monotheism G–d God, Monotheism Allah →Moses Jesus Mohammed Torah + Talmud Bible = Torah Koran + Hadith (Old Testament) & New Testament Location Impact Tenets Judaism Christianity Islam Ten Commandments Golden Rule Five Pillars: 1) Shadah 2) Salat 3) Zakat 4) Ramadan 5) Haj Jihad Judaism Christianity Islam Hasidim Orthodox Conservative Reformed Reconstructionist Several thousand. RCC Orthodox > 2000 Protestant sects Mormons Jehovah’s Witnesses Israelites Etc. Sunnis Shi’ites Location Impact Some of the various sects / divisions etc. The point behind this is to show that there only a few sects of Judaism, numerous sects of Islam, especially Shia Islam, and thousands of Christian sects! Suffis Wahhabis Kahrijites Ismaelis Zaidis Fatimids Nizari (Assassins) Alawis Druze Bahai Etc. 1 There are various theories regarding the origins of Indo-European / Aryan people. What founder of Judaism (first prophet) was actually Sumerian? What Sumerian legends may he have introduced to Judaism? Why did people tend to stay away from the Arabian Peninsula? 2Z Persian Empire What was their religion and did they come into contact with Jewish people? 3 Roman Empire at its greatest expanse. What “Jewish” part of the world did they rule? Diaspora BTW, there has been one other “Jewish” country. BTW 4 1492: more happened than just sailing the ocean blue. What? AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on the world? Or alternatively: is it possible to die because of looking at too many maps? List as many religious conflicts as you can think of. • Label those conflicts on the blank world map provided. 5 After the WWI what happens to Arab lands? 1917 Balfour Declaration Complete mess! Security Fence and Wall 6 Uganda Madagascar Final Solution Uganda Christianity What Empire had an impact on the spread of Christianity? Hearth? Spread of Christianity What role did the Roman Empire play in the spread and growth of Christianity? What is this place? Remember this map! 2011CE TWE has it changed? How? Why? Who helped create France with their failed invasion? Everybody wants to be Roman. Why is that ironic? Neither Holy nor Roman or an Empire! Hapsburg Roman wanabees. Crusades Why did the Pope pick them? Where did they originate? Europe circa 1000CE Where did they take place? Europe circa 1580CE 30 Years War 2011CE TWE has it changed? How? Why? Byzantine Empire aka the Eastern Roman Empire The early spread of Islam The early spread of Islam Hinduism Founder • Who is the founder of Hinduism? • There is none. • The origin of Hinduism lies in the original Vedas (epic poems, Hindu scriptures, spiritual laws and truths) brought to South Asia by the Aryans. • When? Basic Beliefs • Dharma: duties and obligations in life determined by one’s birth. • Reincarnation: rebirth • Karma: actions leading to future consequences • Samsara: cycle of birth, death and rebirth • Moksha: escape from Samsara • Nirvana Think of life and time as a circle. Birth / Death Reincarnation Samsara Moksha Nirvana Impact on Society At least twice born (reincarnated) castes. Buddhism • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, or Buddha, which means "enlightened one." • Four Noble Truths Siddhartha's philosophy of the nature of human suffering and its relation to desire is articulated by these four statements: • Life is full of pain and suffering. • Human desire causes this suffering. • By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering. • Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path. Taoism • Originated in China • Philosophy founded by Lao Tze / Tsu around 500BCE Tenets • The Chinese term Tao can be translated into English, meaning "the way." • Taoism is a philosophy that teaches one to attempt to live in harmony with nature; the universe; “Get the balance right” and “May the force be with you.” • Ancestral veneration important • Belief in a spirit world Sound familiar? Yin Yan • • • • • • • • • • • • • Yin Moon Night Dark Cool Rest Feminine North Winter Right Introversion Earth Even • • • • • • • • • • Yang Sun Day Light Warm Active Masculine South Summer Left • Extroversion • Heaven • Odd Confucianism • Founder: Kong Fu Zi (Confucius). His teachings were later refined and spread by Mencius. Developed in China around 500 BCE during a period of constant war and anarchy; thus the desire for order. Legalism •Generally considered to be an offshoot of Confucianism. • Legalists believed that humans were basically evil and selfish. The best form of government, that is, the government that best contributed to the welfare of the people, would be one that strictly held humankind's base instincts in check. This government would be ruled by strict and harsh laws; punishment would be severe and swift. This belief in rule by law is why this school is called "Legalist." - Richard Hooker, Washington State University Thinking of Thomas Hobbes again? The Mandate of Heaven • The Zhou / Chou Dynasty developed a new political system of authority during the period 1050 – 256BCE which they called “t’ienming,” the Mandate of Heaven. Where? Fin Have Belief Systems ever played a role in political conflicts? Have Belief Systems ever played a role in political conflicts? FIN