Download APHG Belief Systems 2016

AIM: to what extent
do Belief Systems
have an impact on
the world?
Or alternatively: is it possible to
die because of looking at too
many maps?
What are Belief
Systems?
• What is a Belief System, a Religion, and
an Organized religion?
Belief System
Religion
Belief System
The Venn
diagram
is part of
the clue.
Religion
Organized
Religion
Belief System
(Some of Planet Earth’s)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Animism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Taoism
Confucianism
Belief Systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Zoroastrianism
Jainism
Sikhism
Shinto
Deism
Atheism
Agnosticism
Who believes in them?
•
•
•
•
•
•
What percentage of the world is Christian?
What percentage of the world is Muslim?
What percentage of the world is Jewish?
What percentage of the world is Hindu?
What percentage of the world is Buddhist?
What percentage of the world is Atheist?
Basic question regarding
belief systems that should
have been covered in AP
World History
Questions
Hearth?
• Where do most Muslims live?
• What is the most populous Islamic
country?
• Where is the Islamic hearth located?
• What is the most populous Christian
country?
• What continents are the most Christian, in
terms of total percentage of the
population?
• What continent is the least Christian?
Questions
• Where is the Christian hearth located?
• Where is the Catholic hearth located?
• What is the difference between a Catholic
and a Christian?
• Where is the Jewish hearth located?
• How about Hinduism?
What is
• Sikhism?
a(n)
• Taoism?
hearth?
• Where is the Buddhist hearth?
Questions
• What religions are most popular amongst
Sub-Saharan Africans?
• Where is the animist hearth located?
• BTW…
• Christianity : Judaism as Buddhism : ?
• Constantine : Christianity as ? : Buddhism
AIM: to what extent
do Belief Systems
have an impact on
the world?
Or alternatively: is it possible to
die because of looking at too
many maps?
Animism
• Not necessarily anything to do with
animals; rather refers to a life force, spirit
within various objects e.g.: the land, a tree
etc.; think animation – animism.
• Not an organized religion but rather the
human attempt to make sense of the
universe… possibly a primordial
connection with the “spirit world.”
• Location: Most animists live in SubSaharan Africa but also in very rural South
America and Asia. Used to be wide spread
throughout the world.
• Tenets: Varies but in Southern Africa:
• Single God / supreme being.
• Belief in “Spirit World”: spirits coexist with
the living and can be contacted. Some
spirits evil, some good, some powerful etc.
• Ancestral veneration: deep respect for
one’s ancestors; may pray to them for help
etc.
• Thus use of a shaman / witchdoctor etc.
What is the one part of the world were
a large population of animists reside?
Judaism
Location Middle
East, Israel,
USA,
former
USSR
Jerusalem
Impact
Tenets
Christianity
Middle East,
Europe, N
America, S
America, rest
of world
Islam
Middle East,
Indonesia,
Pakistan, India,
Bangladesh,
Iran, Turkey,
Egypt
Jerusalem
Mecca,
Medina,
Jerusalem
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Dietary &
Clothing laws
based on
religious
interpretation
E.g.: Kosher
Christian
Calendar (s)
Laws based
on Christian
interpretation
Dietary &
Clothing laws
based on
religious
interpretation
E.g.: Halal
Location
Impact
Art &
architecture
etc.
Tenets
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Location
Impact
Tenets
Monotheism Monotheism
G–d
God,
Monotheism
Allah
→Moses
Jesus
Mohammed
Torah +
Talmud
Bible = Torah Koran + Hadith
(Old
Testament) &
New
Testament
Location
Impact
Tenets
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Ten
Commandments
Golden Rule
Five Pillars:
1) Shadah
2) Salat
3) Zakat
4) Ramadan
5) Haj
Jihad
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hasidim
Orthodox
Conservative
Reformed
Reconstructionist
Several thousand.
RCC
Orthodox
> 2000 Protestant
sects
Mormons
Jehovah’s
Witnesses
Israelites
Etc.
Sunnis
Shi’ites
Location
Impact
Some of
the
various
sects /
divisions
etc.
The point behind this is to show that there only
a few sects of Judaism, numerous sects of
Islam, especially Shia Islam, and thousands of
Christian sects!
Suffis
Wahhabis
Kahrijites
Ismaelis
Zaidis
Fatimids
Nizari (Assassins)
Alawis
Druze
Bahai
Etc.
1
There are various theories regarding the
origins of Indo-European / Aryan people.
What founder
of Judaism
(first prophet)
was actually
Sumerian?
What Sumerian
legends may he
have introduced to
Judaism?
Why did people tend to stay away
from the Arabian Peninsula?
2Z
Persian
Empire
What was their religion and
did they come into contact
with Jewish people?
3
Roman Empire at its
greatest expanse.
What “Jewish” part of
the world did they
rule?
Diaspora
BTW, there
has been
one other
“Jewish”
country.
BTW
4
1492: more happened than just sailing the ocean blue. What?
AIM: to what extent
do Belief Systems
have an impact on
the world?
Or alternatively: is it possible to
die because of looking at too
many maps?
List as many religious
conflicts as you can think
of.
• Label those conflicts on the
blank world map provided.
5
After the WWI
what happens
to Arab lands?
1917
Balfour
Declaration
Complete
mess!
Security Fence and Wall
6
Uganda
Madagascar
Final
Solution
Uganda
Christianity
What Empire had an
impact on the spread of
Christianity?
Hearth?
Spread of
Christianity
What role did the Roman Empire play in the
spread and growth of Christianity?
What is this
place?
Remember this map!
2011CE
TWE has it changed? How? Why?
Who helped create France with
their failed invasion?
Everybody
wants to be
Roman. Why
is that
ironic?
Neither
Holy nor
Roman or
an Empire!
Hapsburg
Roman
wanabees.
Crusades
Why did the
Pope pick
them?
Where did they
originate?
Europe circa 1000CE
Where did they take place?
Europe circa 1580CE
30 Years
War
2011CE
TWE has it changed? How? Why?
Byzantine Empire aka
the Eastern Roman
Empire
The early spread of Islam
The early spread of Islam
Hinduism
Founder
• Who is the founder of Hinduism?
• There is none.
• The origin of Hinduism lies in the
original Vedas (epic poems, Hindu
scriptures, spiritual laws and
truths) brought to South Asia by
the Aryans.
• When?
Basic Beliefs
• Dharma: duties and obligations in life
determined by one’s birth.
• Reincarnation: rebirth
• Karma: actions leading to future
consequences
• Samsara: cycle of birth, death and rebirth
• Moksha: escape from Samsara
• Nirvana
Think of life and time as a circle.
Birth / Death
Reincarnation
Samsara
Moksha
Nirvana
Impact on Society
At least twice
born
(reincarnated)
castes.
Buddhism
• Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, or Buddha, which
means "enlightened one."
• Four Noble Truths
Siddhartha's philosophy of the nature of human
suffering and its relation to desire is articulated by
these four statements:
• Life is full of pain and suffering.
• Human desire causes this suffering.
• By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering.
• Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold
Path.
Taoism
• Originated in China
• Philosophy founded by Lao Tze / Tsu around
500BCE
Tenets
• The Chinese term Tao can be translated
into English, meaning "the way."
• Taoism is a philosophy that teaches one to
attempt to live in harmony with nature; the
universe; “Get the balance right” and “May
the force be with you.”
• Ancestral veneration important
• Belief in a spirit world
Sound
familiar?
Yin Yan
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yin
Moon
Night
Dark
Cool
Rest
Feminine
North
Winter
Right
Introversion
Earth
Even
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yang
Sun
Day
Light
Warm
Active
Masculine
South
Summer
Left
• Extroversion
• Heaven
• Odd
Confucianism
• Founder: Kong Fu Zi
(Confucius). His teachings
were later refined and spread
by Mencius.
Developed in China around
500 BCE during a period of
constant war and anarchy;
thus the desire for order.
Legalism
•Generally considered to be an offshoot of Confucianism.
• Legalists believed that humans were basically
evil and selfish. The best form of government,
that is, the government that best contributed to
the welfare of the people, would be one that
strictly held humankind's base instincts in check.
This government would be ruled by strict and
harsh laws; punishment would be severe and
swift. This belief in rule by law is why this school
is called "Legalist."
- Richard Hooker, Washington State University
Thinking of Thomas Hobbes again?
The Mandate of Heaven
• The Zhou / Chou
Dynasty developed a
new political system of
authority during the
period 1050 – 256BCE
which they called “t’ienming,” the Mandate of
Heaven.
Where?
Fin
Have Belief Systems ever played a
role in political conflicts?
Have Belief Systems ever played a
role in political conflicts?
FIN