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CE 6401
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
LTPC
3 0 03
UNIT I
STONES – BRICKS – CONCRETE BLOCKS
Stone as building material – Criteria for selection – Tests on stones – Deterioration and
Preservation of stone work – Bricks – Classification – Manufacturing of clay bricks – Tests on
bricks – Compressive Strength – Water Absorption – Efflorescence – Bricks for special use –
Refractory bricks – Cement, Concrete blocks – Lightweight concrete blocks.
PART – A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Why you choose stone as a building material?
Analyze the characteristics of good stone?
List out the types of tests on stones.
Write down the tests on bricks and their purposes?
Define the term frog.
Differentiate deterioration and preservation of stone work?
Summarize the names of bricks for special use.
Explain shortly about light weight concrete blocks?
Show the standard size of brick used for construction with neat sketch?
How will you classify bricks? Write down the types of bricks?
Illustrate the processes in manufacturing of clay bricks?
Define efflorescence in bricks? How can it be removed?
State the applications of hollow blocks.
State any four advantages of bricks as compared with stones.
List the different types of refractory bricks?
Bricks are more preferred than stones. Justify that.
Demonstrate the manufacturing processes of concrete blocks?
Recommend the dimensions and tolerances in the concrete blocks
according to B.I.S.
During the manufacturing of light weight concrete blocks admixtures are
added. Justify the statement.
Recommend the tests usually prescribed for concrete blocks?
(BT 1 - 1)
(BT 4 - 1)
(BT 1 - 2)
(BT 2 - 1)
(BT 1 - 3)
(BT 2 - 2)
(BT 2 - 3)
(BT 2 - 4)
(BT 3 - 1)
(BT 1 - 4)
(BT 3 - 2)
(BT 1 - 5)
(BT 4 - 2)
(BT 4 - 3)
(BT 1 - 6)
(BT 5 - 1)
(BT 3 - 3)
(BT 6 - 1)
(BT 5 - 2)
(BT 6 - 2)
PART - B
1
Explain the various tests to be conducted on stones to determine their
suitability.
(BT 2 - 1)
2
Interpret the various agencies which tend to reduce the life of a building
stone?
(BT 3 - 1)
3
Develop a flow chart of various operations involved in the making of
bricks? Explain them.
(BT 6 - 1)
4
5
6
Define the criteria for selection of stones as a building material.
Briefly discuss the defects and preservation of stones.
Briefly explain the tests conducted on bricks for their suitability for
construction work?
(BT 1 - 1)
(BT 2 - 2)
(BT 1 - 2)
7
8
9
List out the types of special bricks? Briefly explain any four of them.
Demonstrate the varieties of refractory bricks in brief.
Compare the characteristics and properties of cement, concrete blocks
and light weight concrete blocks?
(BT 1- 3)
(BT 3 - 2)
(BT 4 - 1)
10
Stones are selected as building materials based on various criteria’s.
Justify that with proper explanation.
(BT 5 - 1)
UNIT II
LIME – CEMENT – AGGREGATES – MORTAR
Lime – Preparation of lime mortar – Cement – Ingredients – Manufacturing process – Types and
Grades – Properties of cement and Cement mortar – Hydration – Compressive strength – Tensile
strength – Fineness– Soundness and consistency – Setting time – Industrial byproducts – Fly ash –
Aggregates – Natural stone aggregates – Crushing strength – Impact strength – Flakiness Index –
Elongation Index – Abrasion Resistance – Grading – Sand Bulking.
PART – A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Illustrate the different kinds of lime available for use in construction
works.
What is meant by hydration of cement? What is its importance?
Bulking occurs in fine aggregate (Sand). Justify that.
List the ingredients of cement.
Explain the composition of Ordinary Portland cement.
Formulate the functions of sand in a mortar.
What are Bogue’s compounds in cement? State its functions.
Differentiate Fat lime from Hydraulic lime.
Compare lime putty, quicklime and slacked lime.
Describe the preparation of lime mortar?
Discuss the storage of lime and precautions in handling lime?
List out the types of tests for lime. Give some examples.
(BT 3 - 4)
(BT 1 - 7)
(BT 5 - 3)
(BT 1 - 8)
(BT 2 - 5)
(BT 6 - 3)
(BT 1 - 9)
(BT 4 - 4)
(BT 4 - 5)
(BT 2 - 6)
(BT 2 - 7)
(BT 1 - 10)
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
List out the various grades of cement in India.
Discuss the mechanics of setting of cement.
Develop the formula for lime saturation factor (LSF).
Differentiate the initial and final setting time of cement?
Write down the chemical and physical characteristics of flyash?
Abrasion test on aggregate is conducted for measuring rate of wear and
tear. Justify with proper explanation.
Write down the tests for coarse aggregate?
What are the tests prescribed for mortar?
(BT 1 - 11)
(BT 2 - 8)
(BT 6 - 4)
(BT 4 - 6)
(BT 3 - 5)
(BT 5 - 4)
(BT 3 - 6)
(BT 1 - 12)
PART - B
1
Construct a flow diagram for dry and wet process of manufacture of
cement with brief explanation.
(BT 6 - 2)
2
Enumerate the methods of preparation of lime mortar. Describe ay two
major tests to determine the quality of lime.
(BT 3 - 3)
3
4
5
Describe the procedure of manufacture of lime mortar.
List out the different types of lime mortar? Mention their properties.
Grading of aggregates affect the properties of concrete. Justify with
proper explanation.
(BT 2 - 3)
(BT 1 - 4)
(BT 5 - 2)
6
87
Describe the operations involved in the manufacture of lime.
What are the various ingredients required for manufacturing cement?
State their functions.
(BT 2 - 4)
(BT 1 - 5)
8
9
10
Compare the various types of cement produced in India.
Distinguish the tests conducted on cement to find its properties?
Explain how the following tests are conducted on aggregate; as per IS
codes:
(BT 4 - 2)
(BT 4 - 3)
(BT 1 - 6)
(a) Crushing strength
(b) Impact strength
(c) Flakiness index and Elongation index
(d) Abrasion resistance
UNIT – III CONCRETE
Concrete – Ingredients – Manufacturing Process – Batching plants – RMC – Properties of fresh
concrete – Slump – Flow and compaction Factor – Properties of hardened concrete –
Compressive, Tensile and shear strength – Modulus of rupture – Tests – Mix specification – Mix
proportioning – BIS method – High Strength Concrete and HPC – Self compacting Concrete –
Other types of Concrete – Durability of Concrete.
PART – A
1
Define concrete.
(BT 1 - 13)
2
Name the methods of mix proportioning of concrete.
(BT 1 - 14)
Write the list of special concrete.
(BT 1 - 15)
4
List the steps involved in concrete manufacturing process.
(BT 1 - 16)
5
Define compaction factor.
(BT 1 - 17)
6
Define durability.
(BT 1 - 18)
7
Describe SCC.
(BT 2 - 9)
8
Differentiate between HPC and HSC
(BT 2 - 10)
9
Interpret the slump value with respect to degree of workability.
(BT 2 - 11)
10
Discuss the cause for segregation and bleeding
(BT 2 - 12)
11
Demonstrate the compressive test on concrete cube.
(BT 3 - 7)
12
(BT 3 - 8)
13
Calculate the material quantity required for M20 grade concrete for
per cubic metre.
Establish the relationship between strength and ageing of concrete.
14
Explain the properties of fresh concrete.
(BT 4 - 7)
15
Explain the properties of hardened concrete.
(BT 4 - 8)
16
Compare nominal mix with design mix.
(BT 4 - 9)
17
Write composition of concrete
(BT 5 - 5)
18
What happens to the strength of concrete if water content is increased
for achieving required workability?
When RMC is recommended?
(BT 5 - 6)
Recommend the type of curing for vertical and horizontal member of
a framed structure.
(BT 6 - 6)
19
20
(BT 3 - 9)
(BT 6 - 5)
PART - B
1
Describe manufacture of concrete in detail.
(BT 1 - 7)
2
Describe the test on workability of concrete.
(BT 1 - 8)
3
Describe the mixing of concrete.
(BT 1 - 9)
4
Discuss the curing methods and its importance.
(BT 2 - 5)
5
Discuss the methods of transport of concrete.
(BT 2 - 6)
6
Demonstrate the test on fresh concrete.
(BT 3 - 4)
7
Demonstrate the test on hardened concrete.
(BT 3 - 5)
8
Explain the design procedure for IS method of concrete manufacture.
(BT 4 - 4)
9
Design the concrete mix for the following data: characteristic (BT 5 - 3)
compressive strength=20mpa, maximum size of aggregate =20mm
(angular), degree of workability =0.9CF, degree of quality control
=good and type of exposure=severe. Water absorption by CA =0.5%
and moisture concrete FA=2.0%. Assume any suitable missing data.
Explain HSC and HPC.
(BT 6 - 3)
10
UNIT – IV TIMBER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Timber – Market forms – Industrial timber– Plywood – Veneer – Thermacole – Panels of
laminates – Steel – Aluminum and Other Metallic Materials – Composition – Aluminum
composite panel – Uses – Market forms – Mechanical treatment – Paints – Varnishes –
Distempers – Bitumens.
PART – A
1
Define seasoning of timber.
(BT 1 - 19)
2
Define annealing of steel.
(BT 1 - 20)
3
Define distemper.
(BT 1 - 21)
4
What is blown bitumen?
(BT 1 - 22)
5
Name the methods through which galvanized coatings is given to GI
sheets.
List the market forms of steel.
(BT 1 - 23)
6
(BT 1 - 24)
7
Differentiate between dry distemper and oil distemper.
(BT 2 - 13)
8
Discuss the causes of decay of wood work.
(BT 2 - 14)
9
Discuss the defects in timber.
(BT 2 - 15)
10
Distinguish the different paints used for building construction.
(BT 2 - 16)
11
Demonstrate penetration of bitumen.
(BT 3 - 10)
12
Classify various rolled steel sections.
(BT 3 - 11)
13
(BT 3 - 12)
14
Show the chemical reaction between iron and other atmospheric agents
which cause corrosion.
Explain the consideration to be made in choosing paints
15
Arrange in order the type of steel based on their carbon content.
(BT 4 - 11)
16
Explain the characteristics of an ideal paint.
(BT 4 - 12)
17
Write the composition of duralumin.
(BT 5 - 7)
18
Create a flow chart for the manufacturing process of paint.
(BT 5 - 8)
19
Asses the pigment volume concentration if the volume of pigment is
1200 ml and total volume of nonvolatile components is 2800 ml.
Recommend methods for painting on surfaces.
(BT 6 - 7)
20
(BT 4 - 10)
(BT 6 - 8)
PART – B
1
List and explain the various methods of seasoning of timber.
(BT 1 - 10)
2
Name the various methods of manufacture of steel and explain Bessemer
process.
Describe the types of hot rolled steel sections and cold formed steel
sections.
Associate the various uses of aluminum with respect to construction
works.
Summarize the various causes of decay of wood work and their
preservation.
Illustrate with diagram for various defects in timber
(BT 1 - 11)
Analyse the various considerations to be made in choosing paints and
also explain about the types of paints.
Explain in detail the heat treatment of steel.
(BT 4 - 5)
3
4
5
6
7
8
(BT 1 - 12)
(BT 2 - 7)
(BT 2 - 8)
(BT 3 - 6)
(BT 4 - 6)
9
10
Prepare a flowchart and explain step by step the manufacture of TMT
bars.
Explain the tests made for steel which is used in RCC construction.
UNIT V
(BT 5 - 4)
(BT 6 - 4)
MODERN MATERIALS
Glass – Ceramics – Sealants for joints – Fibre glass reinforced plastic – Clay products –
Refractories – Composite materials – Types – Applications of laminar composites – Fibre
textiles – Geomembranes and Geotextiles for earth reinforcement.
PART - A
1. State the properties of Glass?
(BT 1 - 25)
2. Give the composition of Glass stating the functions of each.
(BT 2 - 17)
3. Give the types and important uses of Glass.
(BT 2 - 18)
4. Classify the colouring agents (decolourisers) used in the manufacturing of
glass.
(BT 3 - 13)
5. Classify the types of fibres.
(BT 3 - 14)
6. What are the characteristic features of ceramic materials?
(BT 1 - 26)
7. What is Sealant and where it is used?
(BT 1 - 27)
8. Give the uses of ceramics?
(BT 2 - 19)
9. Write a short note on FGRP?
(BT 1 - 28)
10. Describe any four properties of clay products?
(BT 4 - 13)
11. Describe the uses of Clay products?
(BT 4 - 14)
12. State the properties of good tile.
(BT 5 - 9)
13. State any four properties of Refractories?
(BT 5 - 10)
14. Write a short note on Refractories?
(BT 2 - 20)
15. Define composite materials? Give its types and uses.
(BT 1 - 29)
16. Describe laminar composites? Give its applications
(BT 4 - 15)
17. What is Geo Membrane? Give its applications
(BT 1 - 30)
18. Geotextiles is used in embankments. Justify
(BT 6 - 9)
19. Explain Earth reinforcement?
(BT 6 - 10)
20. Distinguish between Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics.
(BT 3 - 15)
PART – B
1. Explain the various properties and types of Glass? How are they
classified?
(BT 6 - 5)
2. Define laminar composites and explain its applications.
(BT 1 - 13)
3. State the important properties of the fire clay bricks. Differentiate ordinary (BT 1 - 14)
fire clay bricks and highly refractory fire clay bricks.
4. Geo membranes and geo textiles are used in civil engineering .justify that
with proper examples.
(BT 5 - 5)
5. Classify the various refractories? Enumerate its properties and uses.
(BT 3 - 7)
6. How are clay tiles manufactured. Explain its properties and applications.
(BT 1 - 15)
7. Describe the process of polymerization and explain the methods of
polymerization and its moulding compounds.
(BT 2 - 9)
8. Explain GFRP and Sealants in detail.
(BT 4 - 7)
9. Discuss the ceramic materials in detail.
(BT 2 - 10)
10. Classify the various types of plastics. Explain its properties and uses.
(BT 3 - 8)