Download Activity 8

Activity 8
Job Shop:
A job shop is a manufacturing facility that groups similar equipment into departments or subdepartments. The orders of production are moved to successive departments as required to complete
all routing operation steps, as opposed to grouping all production equipment required for a product or
line in one area. Job shops use general purpose equipment and rely on the knowledge of workers to
produce a wide variety of products. Volume is adjusted by adding or removing labor as needed. Job
shops are low in efficiency but high in flexibility. Rather than selling products, a job shop often sells its
capabilities in the market.
Batch Shop:
A batch process is similar to a job shop, except that the sequence of activities tends to be in a line and is
less flexible. In a batch process, dominant flows can be identified. The activities, while in-line, are
disconnected from another. Products are produced in batches, for example, to fill specific customer
orders. A batch process executes different production runs for different products. The disadvantage is
the setup time required to change from one product to the other, but the advantage is that some
flexibility in product mix can be achieved.
Assembly Line:
Like a batch process, an assembly line processes work in fixed sequences. However, the assembly line
connects the activities and paces them, for example, with a conveyor belt. A good example of an
assembly line is an automobile plant.
Continuous Manufacturing:
Like the assembly line, a continuous flow process has a fixed pace and fixed sequence of activities.
Rather than being processed in discrete steps, the product is processed in a continuous flow; its quantity
tends to be measured in weight or volume. The direct labor content and associated skill is low, but the
skill level required oversee the sophisticated equipment in the process may be high.
JIT:
JIT is more appropriately thought of as a philosophy because, even though it includes a variety of
techniques, it’s much more than a collection of management practices. Many people in the business
pool and even philosophers argue that successful or better understanding of a JIT system requires an
entirely different mentality, or attitude, on the part of management and workers than the typical, yet
common attitudes underlying traditional business practices and relationships. Even though a precise
definition of JIT has not been developed, it basically involves the elimination of waste and excess by
obtaining resources and demonstrating or performing activities only as they are needed by customers at
the next stage in the process. For example, inventory buffers are viewed as an evil in that they hide
problems such as defective parts, production bottlenecks, long machine set-ups and competitive
behavior within the company.
The JIT system requires and attitude that should be stressed on these respectable areas:
1. Cooperation with a value chain perspective
2. Respect for people at all levels
3. Quality at the source
4. Simplification or just enough resources
5. A long term perspective or goal
The JIT system incorporates the following practices:
1. Just-in-time purchasing
2. Cellular manufacturing
3. Focused factories
4. Just-in-time Production
5. Just-in-time distribution
6. Simplified Accounting
7. Process oriented performance measurements
Push-System Manufacture:
Traditional manufacturing starts with the manufacturing, regardless of the requirements for that
product, and then pushes or moves on to the next step. The next step can be an internal process or the
selling in the market. The disadvantage of this system is the over production of the actual product or
products. This is because the production is carried out without an actual requirement. To avoid
wastages the following processes must produce the same quantities. At the end of the process,
manufacturers might have a large stock of products which there is no actual demand in the market. The
demand in the market is very important because it tells you if people are willing to purchase the product
or not. To sell these products, marketers have to create the requirement. This requirement creation
process will take huge amount of money in the form of advertising campaigns, discounts, etc. The worst
part is, even with this effort there is no guarantee that the goods can be sold in the market.
Advantages: The advantages of a push system are that is allows managers to manage which consists of
panning and controlling things, it requires intricate knowledge of the Production Times and Product
Flow, it can lead to economies of scale in purchasing and production, and it allows for the planning and
completion of complex assemblies as sub-components are delivered only by scheduled need.
Disadvantages: The disadvantages of a push system are that it can lead to large inventories; it can
generate large quantities of scrap before errors are discovered, and it requires maintenance of large
complex databases.
Pull Manufacturing System:
On the other and lean manufacturing works on pull strategies. Nothing will be produced until the next
process really requires it. In the bigger picture, the manufacturers will not produce anything, unless
there is a customer demand in the market. The customer demand will pull the products from the
manufacturing facility. From the internal requirements point of view, the first operation will create the
product when the second process creates the requirement. That is, second process pulls the production
from the first process. JIT is actually a classic pull system.
Advantages: The advantages of a pull system are that it’s limited and known Final Inventory, workers
only consume their time and raw materials on what is actually needed, and quality must be high-each
piece has a definite place to go.
Disadvantages: The disadvantages of a pull system are that every job is a ‘High Stress’ Rush order,
balanced systems must be in place, setup times will greatly impact throughout, and any problem will
lead to unhappy customers and that goes for either internal or external)
Our Rationale for Manufacture Choice:
We as a business corporation believe that the best manufacturing technique is to conduct a Pull
Manufacturing System that works with an Assembly line technique. The reason for this is so that our
corporation does not run into over production of our products. That on its own is a massive amount of
money wasted. While there is a demand in the market for our product, we will act accordingly to avoid
wasted resources. This assembly line will also give us a colossal advantage. Although, capital equipment
are very expensive, it will also eliminate a huge number of employees because our capital machines will
be assembly our product. We will have raw materials and just enough resources for what we need to
make instead of falling in the pit of over production. Our focus is the demand of our product in the
market. This cuts a number of high salaries as well, which will save us money. The type of pull system we
will be using is the JIT system. Using the pull system we don’t have to really create the requirement
seeing as we only act on demand, which will also save us a huge amount of money, because if we had a
push system, then there would be no guarantee that any of our products would be sold in the market.