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The Effects of Noise on Hearing How to Protect your Ears from Damage by Loud Sounds Carol Rousseau, M.A., CCC-A Clinical Audiologist Rochester Hearing and Speech Center Rochester, New York 5 March 2009 Goals for Presentation What is Noise? How we hear -- anatomy and physiology of the ear How noise effects the ear Discuss and demonstrate various types of Hearing Protection Devices (HPD) What is Noise? Subjective Unpleasant or unwanted sound It is a by-product of many industrial processes What is Noise? Exposure to high levels of noise can cause hearing loss as well as other health related issues Anatomy of the Ear Conductive – Outer Ear – Middle Ear Sensorineural – Inner Ear – Auditory Nerve Central – Brain Anatomy and Physics of the Ear What is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss? Caused by damage to the cochlea due to the over stimulation of the inner ear structures – Mechanical damage – Chemical damage What is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss? Damage can occur in two ways – Sudden intense noise that can cause an acoustic trauma – Long-term exposure to intense noise What is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss? Extent of damage depends on the intensity of noise and the duration of the exposure – Noise louder than 85 db can cause damage – Risk of hearing loss from noise doubles with each 3 dB increase in sound level Decibel Exposure Time Guidelines Continuous dB 85 dB 88 dB 91 dB 94 dB 97 dB 100 dB 103 dB 106 dB 109 dB 112 dB 115 dB Permissible Exposure Time 8 Hours 4 Hours 2 Hours 1 Hour 30 Minutes 15 Minutes 7.5 Minutes 3.75 Minutes 1.875 Minutes .9375 Minutes .46875 Minutes Audiogram Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Healthy and Damaged Hair Cells Physiologic Effects on the Cochlea Loss of hearing sensitivity – Especially in the High Frequencies Loss of clarity Decreased sound localization Reduced tolerance to loud sounds Other Physiological Effects Tinnitus Cardiovascular Mental Health Noise Combined with Chemical Agents Some substances may be more dangerous when combined with noise exposure – Aspirin – Some antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs – Industrial chemicals such as lead, styrene, carbon dioxide, and carbon disulfide Damage can either be Temporary or Permanent Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) it a temporary elevation of the hearing threshold at one or more frequencies – Short-term exposure to noise – Comes back after a period of rest Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) is a permanent elevation caused by damage to the hair cells, which can not be regenerated once they are injured – Prolonged exposure to high noise levels over a period of time – Gradually causes permanent damage Hearing Protection Devices Occupational Recreational Occupations Who May Need HPD Industrial Workers Construction Military Musicians and Other Entertainment Professionals Farmers Day Care Workers Dentists Pediatricians Nurses Recreational Activities Music – Stereo and Personal Listening Devices (iPods) – Concerts – Performing Hunting and Target Shooting Motorcycling Drag Races and NASCAR Snowmobiling Woodwork Lawnwork Volume Settings and dB(A) Readings of a Number of Popular Personal Listening Devices Player Full Vol 3/4 Vol 1/2 Vol 1/4 Vol Low Apple iPOD (15 GB) 120-125 107-111 98-101 80-83 68-72 Creative Zen Nano Plus 114/118 105-109 85-92 77-82 67-75 iRiver T10 108-115 115-122 98-104 105-112 85-94 98-106 78-83 88-92 55-62 70-79 Dell Latitude D610 Laptop 112-114 108-114 102-108 85-96 74-77 115-120 112-118 112-115 100-105 90-94 87-99 69-72 70-76 45-50 60-66 Sony Walkman MP3/ATRAC3plus Bratz-Liptunes MP3 Disney Mix Stick Types of HPD Ear Plugs Ear Filters Ear Muffs Semi-Aural Protectors Custom Ear Molds In-the-Ear Monitors Ear Plugs Generally made of soft polyurethane or silicone foam, wax One Size Fits All Inserted into Ear Canal Disposable Attenuates 20-40 dB Reduces high frequencies more than low, giving a muffled sound Non-custom Foam Ear Plugs 29db of attenuation Pre-molded Ear Plugs Made of vinyl, silicone or rubber Come in different sizes for fitting Re-usable Ear Seals Soft flanged ear seals Detachable cord Ear Filters Attenuates sound more evenly through baffles or moving diaphragms One size fits all Non-custom Musicians’ Earplugs ER-20 Attenuates sound more evenly through baffles or moving diaphragms No custom mold needed Ear Muffs Circum-aural protectors Adjustable Semi-Aural Protectors Ear plugs tips connected to a headband Usually one size fits all Can be taken on/off quickly Attenuation less than that of other HPDs Custom-made Ear Molds General purpose solid ear plugs Custom molded for the individual Reusable Industrial Ear Plugs Custom molded ear plugs Attenuates approximately 29 dB Hunters Ear Plugs Pressure valve for occasional high impact noise Allows normal hearing until a gun shot activates the valve Motorcycle Ear Plug Canal style Comfort while wearing under a helmet Also for sleeping Swim Plugs For swimmers Kid with PE tubes Exposure Ear Plugs Keeps out the environment but allows for communication For surfers, dude Custom Musician Ear Plugs a special filter allows the listener to hear music at a safe level without sacrificing sound quality Instead of cutting out the high frequencies, musician's plugs attenuate all the frequencies evenly in relation to your hearing. Custom plugs come in ER-9 , ER-15 or ER-25 filters An audiologist or other hearing health professional takes impressions of the ear canal. In-the-Ear Monitors Provide up to 25 dB of attenuation from ambient noise Earmolds for Westone UM1 and UM 2 earphones Requires custom earmolds to be taken by an Audiologist Thank you very much You’ve been a great audience!